Building Students’ Moral Through Uswatun Hasanah Principles: A Systematic Literature Review

School or madrasah needs to instill good attitudes in the form of speech and behavior in daily activities. The prophet taught Muslims a good example (uswatun hasanah) for students when they gathered and interacted with different communities. Uswatun hasanah, or excellent conduct, is an Islamic religious value born from training and habitual action by providing a good example. Religious and moral education is essential as the root of forming a believer-pious person. This study seeks to understand uswatun hasanah through systematic literature by exploring knowledge patterns in the national database. The results indicate that good moral guidance (uswah) is not based on theoretical teaching but necessitates concrete examples through the role and responsibility of educators in the context of learning and learning processes. As such, educators should be an example (uswatun hasanah) (a good example) for students through excellent conduct in day-to-day activities.


Introduction
School or madrasah become an important place for individual students to achieve goals. Educational institutions need to provide moral coaching to facilitate students in developing their morals. To improve students' morality, they are required a role model who can be exemplified or uswah hasanah 1 through the curriculum contained in a set of subjects (such as Moral Education, Pancasila Education, and citizenship). Students also need religious habituation programs and Senyum-Salam-Sapa (Smile, Salam, and Greeting)  perspective that departs from the teachings of tawhid about the appreciation and practice of Islamic teachings are divided into three aspects, namely faith, Islam, Ihsan). Morals from a religious perspective could also be seen from the Islamic value system. Islamic education aims at improving morality; then the Islamic moral system develops through Islamic education oriented to Islamic values; fourth, moral education starts from the family (informal) while applying the reward method -punishment 2 .
Community expectations of teachers who are educating to set a good example in terms of "speech and behavior" is, in fact in recent years it is signaled that there is a low moral decadence of teacher behavior, namely: 1) Teachers do not meet the hours of teaching duties, 2) teachers abandon students in the learning hours, 3) There are teachers and two administrative staff held a

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Nadwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam farewell recall by way of exploring Bali, 4) There was a teacher beat his students to death, 5) There was a teacher who was busy affairs outside his teacher, such as managing the project and so on, 6) There was a lecturer who could kill his wife.
This social phenomenon requires the attention of various parties, especially education circles, which emphasize character building into something that should be applied. Education is the largest field of investment in building and shaping men 3 . That is, the quality of education determines the quality of a nation. Indonesia has a high level of education. period from childhood to adulthood" 4 , then in adolescence, strict attention is needed from parents and teachers, in addition to that, moral development can also be done by doing a very discipline, especially at school. This is following the words of Allah SWT. Meaning: Indeed, there has been in (himself) Rasulullah SAW that is a good role model for you (that is) for those who hope (mercy) of Allah SWT and the coming of the Day of Judgment, and He mentions Allah SWT a lot. The above verse is very clear: the Prophet Muhammad SAW as a messenger can be used as an example or role model because he was made the profile of an educator with a good personality.

Method
This study incorporated a systematic literature review in the national database, namely Moraref, to search the conceptualization of uswatun hasanah dan moral education. This review offers guidance for future research in moral  and uswatun hasanah, which could lead to the creation of a conceptual framework on moral and religious education. The key search used in this study was uswatun hasanah, uswah, moral education, teaching by example within the Islamic education database. In terms of the analysis, the study looked at the pattern that emerged from the database around uswatun hasanah and education.

Results
Muslim educators need to follow good examples in the form of their speech, silence, and behavior from the prophet Muhammad SAW in their teaching and learning. The positives and negatives of the teacher's personality will be able to have a significant impact on students; therefore, in teaching and learning activities, the teacher must have a noble character that students can emulate because this will be a new indicator of the success of students in participating in learning activities 5 .

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Nadwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam and awareness 8 . The good moral formation is based not only on spiritual teachings, commands and prohibitions (promises and threats) but also on the teacher's good example (uswah). The analysis focuses on the responsibility of educators and the efforts to build moral learners.

Responsibilities of Teachers
Educators are responsible for their duties as a) teacher (delivering a set of subject matter to students under the curriculum guide), b) mentor (showing students on a path that is under applicable life norms), and c) trainer (in delivering material lessons are repeated both theoretically and practically so that students can easily understand them) in formal educational institutions to educate people who are studying knowledge to achieve the expected goals. k. The role of Teacher.
Carrying out duties as an educator is a very urgent role in learning activities because the teacher's role is as a designer, manager, mentor, educator, trainer, assessor, and evaluating student learning outcomes 13 .
Article 2 paragraph (1)  Law, reads, "Teachers have a position as professional staff at the primary, secondary and early childhood levels of formal education which are appointed under the legislation.", it also explains the function of the teacher's position in article 4, which reads: "The position of professional teachers as referred to in Article 2 paragraph (1) functions to increase the dignity and role of teachers as agents of learning and functions to improve the quality of national education." The explanation of article 4 in this law states that the role of the teacher as an agent of learning is the role of the teacher as a facilitator, motivator, stimulator, instructor of learning, and inspirer of learning for students 14  In addition, a teacher must also be responsible for all his actions in teaching and learning activities and social life. Likewise, the authority of the teacher is; 1) teachers must have intellectual, spiritual, and emotional intelligence and have morality, in addition to that 2) teachers must have technological and artistic abilities following the scientific field being developed.
The independence of a teacher must be able to make decisions following what is applicable, which are more priority related to teaching and learning activities and act by the situation and conditions of students, including teachers whose discipline is every teacher's activities according to the rules, norms, and values that apply.
Based on this professional awareness, the teacher is tasked with consistently disciplining students, especially when teaching and learning activities are taking place. Thus, a teacher in maintaining student discipline must start from the teacher himself, because the exemplary and discipline that the teacher has will be a role model for students so that students in teaching and learning activities can achieve the expected competencies. b. The teacher as a model and role model A teacher's existence in teaching and learning activities is one figure who will become an example for all students and will also be a role │ 117 Nadwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam model for all elements of society which interact with him. Therefore, whatever is in the teacher will be reflected through his humility, actions, and personality. Teachers who are models and role models are one of the basic characteristics that must be a principle in teaching and learning activities; when a teacher does not pay attention to his role as a role model for his students. This will reduce the seriousness and effectiveness of students in teaching and learning activities because the teacher's personality and role models are certainly a challenge in itself and are the most effective methods in building and shaping students' morale imitating educators' behavior.
According to the exemplary interpretation, it is divided into two, namely; 1) Accidental exemplary is exemplary in science or learning, leadership, and sincerity, 2) deliberate exemplary is exemplary accompanied by explanations or orders to imitate such as the provisions of the procedures for prayer and ablution 16 .
The teacher becomes a role model or educator figure, not only as delivery of scientific information but also transfers personalities to form students with character. A question must be given to the teacher about an example, whether a teacher is required to be a good role model only when in teaching and learning activities or all activities in his daily life? With that question, the profession, the role, and responsibilities as an exemplary teacher can be done in teaching and learning in the classroom and a good environment outside the classroom.
Gerstner in Jamal Ma'mur Asmani states that the teacher's role is not only as a teacher but also plays a role as: 1) Coach Professional teachers must be able to act as sports teachers. He mostly helps his students in the game. As a trainer, teachers must always motivate their students to master the subject matter, work hard and achieve high achievements.

2) Counselour
Professional teachers must be able to become friends and role models of students and be able to create a conducive learning atmosphere.

3) Manager learning
Professional teachers must also act like company managers. He must be able to organize and condition the learning process of his students. On the other hand, he must also mingle as part of the students and participate in learning with them 17 .  can be understood that the task of educators as teachers, motivators and facilitators in the teaching and learning process that all the potential of students can be realized properly.

Definition of moral
In Indonesian, the word moral means morals or morality, which implies discipline that guides inner behavior in life. The word moral is taken from the Latin word mores, which means culture/habit. The word mores has the same meaning (synonym) as the word mos, moris manner mores or manners, morals.
According to Imam Al-Ghazali, morals or morals, namely the stability of the soul can give birth to actions easily without the need for thought and reflection.
If every behavior born of the soul is good according to the standards of reason and religion, it is called good morals or morals (and vice versa).

Moral Awareness
Moral awareness is one of the critical components of human behavior and actions; behaving morally will make the actions follow applicable norms. Such moral understanding will be based on values │ 121 Nadwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam that are truly essential and fundamental.
Human behavior is based on moral awareness, then his behavior and actions will always be carried out as they should, anytime and anywhere.
For people who have moral awareness even if they are not supervised, and no one is watching them, then every moral action will always be done anywhere and anytime. Because what becomes his behavior and action is based on awareness, not based on lust and any power nor is it imposed but is based on the "power" of moral consciousness itself.
According to Van Magnis, there are three important components of moral awareness, including: a. Having a feeling of obligation or obligation to take moral action will happen in every human conscience and heart, to anyone, anywhere, anytime. If you pay attention, it will be seen that if these obligations cannot be changed and negotiated because it is building learners' morality through as seen from the database, are mostly centered as role models for students. Additionally, educators become models to be selected by students other than parents. Educators are also commonly known as trainers who encourage students to improve their knowledge. Finally, educators are managers who command students the correct way of learning, and counselors who advise students by choosing various alternative disciplines according to their talents and interests.