Criticizing Higher Education Policy in Indonesia: Spiritual Elimination and Dehumanisation

Published: 07-09-2021 The Ministry of Education and Culture's policy on “Merdeka Belajar” (Freedom of Learning) seeks to enable students to master different valuable disciplines to access the work field (link and match). This article investigates Freedom of Learning policy direction and unpacks freedom of learning from the viewpoint of prophetic education theory. This research employs a literature review process. The information was gathered by studying the Ministry of Education and Culture legislation and laws, literature, and compiled references of the policy. The findings suggested that the Freedom of Learning policy's trajectory accommodates data in the material domains (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor), yet it lacked spirituality. The principle of prophetic education is to move humans to be decent (righteous), to achieve the great humans (insān kāmil), and to improve (muṣliḥ) the world into an ideal environment or society (khaira ummah) capable of bridging the gap the means. Professional education continues to carry out a constant, creative mechanism to get citizens closer to God (transcendence) through digitally increasing human ideals and avoiding harmful stuff (liberation). Competence in the policy of independent learning is maintained by prophetic education.


Introduction
The role of society in sustaining their lives is demanded by Industrial Revolution 4.0. Higher education, as an educational institution, is supposed to fulfil this function. According to Permendikbud No.3 of 2020, freedom of learning is a program of the Minister of Education and Culture that strives to motivate students to master different valuable disciplines to access the field of work 2020 1 . Student expertise is being trained to be more consistent with the times to prepare graduates as superior and personalitydriven future leaders. It is compatible with Dewey's 2 theory that humans must be able to keep up with recent changes and technologies, as well as the principle of schooling ( The key mechanism in adopting this strategy is nurturing, understanding, and imprinting the character of college students that is in line with the theory of educational democracy principle 4 . The thesis argues that the learning process in higher education is that educators support students in thinking to search and find, not teach everything they know.
When analyzed in greater depth, the Freedom of Learning policy targeted one Nadwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam major issue in Indonesia: unemployment.Unemployme nt is a crucial concern that the government must quickly resolve because it leads to poverty development. In reality, the unemployment crisis affects not only Indonesia but also the entire world. According to Sugianto & Permadhy 5 low levels of schooling, expertise, salaries, and knowledge are factors that contribute to unemployment. According to Itang 6 , offering health and education care is one way to lift people out of poverty. Therefore, the government adopted a policy of the Freedom of Learning in higher education to reduce unemployment.
This program and highlight the significance of achieving the moral element as the base for learners' competence through the independent learning curriculum. The hope is that independent learning would enable individuals to learn according to their needs to attain specific competencies independently (insān kāmil) and support the community (khaira ummah) as a means of spiritual achievement.

Method
This study employed a literature review method. According to Synder, there are several existing guidelines for literature reviews. Depending on the method needed to achieve the review's purpose, all types can be helpful and appropriate to reach a specific goal. These consist of the systematic review, the semisystematic review, and the integrative review. Under the right circumstances, these review strategies can be of significant help to answer a particular research question 18 .
This study applied the approach of an example of contribution to a systematic type of literature review. It was by searching for relevant literature on the policy of "Freedom of Learning-Independent Campus," national higher education curriculum and approach in Indonesia, identifying themes related to the object of study, discussing gaps between the theory of prophetic education and the content of the policy of "Freedom of Learning-Independent Campus", and shows the main structure of policy through prophetic education theory-based analysis. Therefore, data are in the form of documentation from the Ministry of Education and Culture in legislation and policies relating to "Merdeka Belajar" or Freedom of Learning (Presidential Regulation and Regulation of the Minister of Higher Education). Literature and analysis findings on the Freedom of Learning curriculum's public policies are also included in the data. The study's findings were examined and interpreted through prophetic education theory's prism to conceptualize and draw conclusions.

The Direction of Policy for the Freedom of Learning Curriculum
For the Freedom of Learning-Independent Campus scheme, the Minister of Education and Culture issued a transformative policy in 2020. The policy is motivated by the exponential advancement of science and technology in different areas of human life, which requires higher education to adapt accordingly to deliver graduates who are professional, efficient, and sensitive in meeting the demands of their time and are ready to join the business and industrial worlds. The policy aims to improve graduates' competence (soft and hard skills) to be more ready and relevant to the times and train graduates as superior and personality-driven future

survival, and (5) profit and virtue.
The integration principle sees a kind of unification in the world-tocome. The principle of equilibrium applies to the proportionality of theological and physical material, theory and practice, and aqidah, sharia, and moral principles. The ideals of freedom and liberation apply to the fact that all beings are descended from the same creator. Islamic education aims to save people from the shackles of the developed world's obsession with the pure and holy ideals of monotheism. As a result, humans will be liberated from the shackles of ignorance, poverty, adultery, and animal desires. The consistency and longevity principle applies to lifelong education. The profit and virtue principle applies to the propagation of tawhid's spirit in the religious system, the morality of Allah with a pure heart and conviction that is free of garbage and will have the fighting strength to protect objects that are useful for 35 .  Prophetic education aims to stress the values of inclusion, balance, equity and liberation, consistency and survival, and profit and virtue. As a result, prophetic education is closely linked to transcendence (getting closer to God Almighty), humanisation, and liberation by meeting the human being and the khaira ummah. Thus, prophetic education guides educational attainment in terms of material attainment and moral attainment in harmony with human essence, consisting of both body and spirit.

The Freedom of Learning Concept from the Prophetic Education Perspective
The Freedom of Learning policy aims to develop graduates' expertise, soft skills, and hard skills to shape superior and character human beings.

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Nadwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam both philosophically and methodically, has embodied the ideals of humanism and liberation found in prophetic education. Nonetheless, this policy ignores the transcendent elements that are the foundations and core orientation of prophetic education. It does not train students to become whole human beings of high society (insān kāmil) but designs them to become Human Capital that they are merely ready to be plunged into the system of materialism, which is essentially a pit. Fulfillmenting the pattern factor is critical, since it is linked to the development of spiritual intelligence. Spiritual wisdom, also known as ESQ, is currently being investigated as an insightful research study (Emotional Spiritual Question).
According to Mujib & Mudzakir 38 , spiritual wisdom is a term that refers to how an intelligent person approaches and employs the meanings, beliefs, and virtues of his spiritual existence. According  Agustian 39 , spiritual wisdom is the capacity to provide sense to worship with any action and practice, through fitrah measures and thoughts toward being a whole person (hanif), having a tauhid (integralists) mentality, and having the philosophy of "only because of Allah." The moral life in question involves the ability to live meaningfully (the will to meaning), which drives human life to constantly discover the meaning of life. Thus, fulfillmenting spiritual intelligence is essential to influence life so that life is meaningful not only for oneself but also for others and the environment.

Discussions
The Freedom of Learning Policy is viewed as a solution to the disparity between education and work, which induces unemployment. This policy seeks to bridge the divide between the worlds of higher education and the world of employment. With the most current development policies, higher education would focus on developing human capital to join the workforce 44 .
Philosophically, this policy notes that the object of its intervention is to promote an independent, nonbureaucratic culture of educational institutions and create a creative learning system focused on the needs and demands of the real world.
However, to accomplish this goal, the learning process is sought by giving autonomous independence to educational institutions, freedom from complicated bureaucracy, and Campus in the perspective of prophetic education. The hope is that the policy format can reach more comprehensive goals, namely the attainment of educational goals both materially and spiritually and the achievement of human beings and generations of khaira ummah. The preparation of this format still requires a review to deepen and sharpen the concepts offered. This discussion also urgently needs research to ensure the implementation of the concept of the Freedom of Learning-Independent Campus policy with a prophetic education perspective can run according to objectives. It can be discussed and investigated for further research. Furthermore, the Freedom of Learning paradigm can be discovered from the perspective of prophetic education theory in order to build human beings and generations of khaira ummah, just as prophetic education demands. As a result, the ideas discussed in this analysis will be more practical, and hopefully, they will be thoroughly tested.

Conclusion
Based on the study of sources and literature, it is possible to argue that the Freedom of Learning" policy has accommodated the material realm's attainment (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor), but it also lacks spirituality and dehumanisation.
Prophetic education, with its concept of moving humans to be good (righteous), attaining the full human degree (insān kāmil), and improving (muṣliḥ) the environment through an ideal environment or community (khaira ummah), offers an educational concept capable of achieving material and spiritual aspects through innovative processes and a continuous approach to God (transcendence and liberation). It is also a theory that needs to be validated. As a result, a study in this paper is needed as a follow-up, one of which is the Freedom of Learning policy model that incorporates prophetic education elements.