Biological Control Agent of Spodoptera frugiperda Using Bacillus thuringiensis Bacteria
Main Article Content
Abstract
The main obstacle in the development of food crop production and horticulture is the attack of S. frugiperda larvae. Pest control using chemical insecticides has a long-term negative impact. The biological control of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae is accomplished by utilizing B. thuringiensis bacteria. This study aims to determine the best B. thuringiensis isolate for killing S. frugiperda larvae, to identify the most effective concentration of B. thuringiensis suspension, and to ascertain the mortality rate of S. frugiperda larvae. The design of this study was a randomized block design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor was the type of B. thuringiensis isolate, consisting of four isolates. Larval mortality data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further tested with the Duncan test. The results obtained showed the highest average mortality of S. frugiperda larvae using isolates Bt3BP14 and Bt4TSR6. These two isolates had the highest average mortality on the third day. Bt3BP14 and Bt4TSR6 isolates have high potential in controlling S. frugiperda larvae, with an average mortality proportion of 86,67% and 66,67% observed over three days. The best doses of B. thuringiensis suspension for killing S. frugiperda larvae were 15 ml and 20 ml. It can be concluded that B. thuringiensis isolates can be used as natural biological control agents against S. frugiperda larvae that attack food crops and horticulture.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the journal as the publisher of the journal. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
The work under license Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Apriyana, E., Syaputra, H., Sardilla, K., Amalia, N., Nofetra, T., Rahmawati, T., & Irsan, C. (2021). Tingkat Serangan Larva Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada Tanaman Jagung di Ketinggian Tempat yang Berbeda. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-9 Tanggal 20 Oktober 2021. Palembang: Penerbit & Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI).
Ariani, D., Supeno, B., & Haryanto, H. (2021) Uji Preferensi Inang Hama Spodoptera frugiperda pada Beberapa Tanaman Pangan. Prosiding Saintek, 3(1), 1-8.
Arsi, A., Pujiastuti, Y., Herlinda, S., Suparman, & Gunawan, B. (2019). Efikasi Bakteri Entomopatogen Bacillus thuringiensis Barliner sebagai Agens Hayati Spodoptera litura Fabricus pada Lahan Pasang Surut dan Rawa Lebak. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal 2019, no. 1, 254– 263.
Castro, B. M. C. E., Martinez, L. C., Barbosa, S.G., Serrão, J. E., Wilcken, C. F., Soares, M.A., da Silva, A.A., de Carvalho, A.G., Zanuncio, J. C. (2019). Toxicity and cytopathology mediated by Bacillus thuringiensis in the midgut of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Sci Rep, 9(1):6667. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43074-0.
Devi, S., Saini, H. S. & Kaur, S. (2022). Assessing the Pathogenicity of Gut Bacteria Associated with Tobacco Caterpillar Spodoptera litura (Fab.). Sci. Rep,12(1),1–11, doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12319-w.
Djenane, Z., Nateche, F., Amziane, M., Cebolla, J. G., El-Aichar, F., Khorf, H., & Ferre, J. (2017). Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activity and the Entomocidal Potential of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates from Algeria. Toxins (Basel), 9(4), 1–19, 2017, doi: 10.3390/toxins9040139.
Dukare, A. C., Paul, A. S., Asha, S., & Nivetha, A. D. (2021). Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection 17 Microbes for Sustainable Insect Pest Management Hydrolytic Enzyme & Secondary Metabolite-Volume 2, vol. 17. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2 (17).
Hammer, T. J., Janzen, H., Hallwachs, W., Jaffe, S. P., & Fierer, N. (2017). Caterpillars Lack a Resident Gut Microbiome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, 114(36), 9641–9646,doi: 10.1073/pnas.1707186114.
Hrithik, M. T. H., Park, Y., Park, H., Kim, Y. (2022). Integrated Biological Control Using a Mixture of Two Entomopathogenic Bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis and Xenorhabdus hominickii, against Spodoptera exigua and Other Congeners. Insects, 13, 860. doi:10.3390/insects13100860
Indriani, R. 2020. Efektivitas Bacillus thuringiensis sebagai bioinsektisida pada tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) terhadap serangan ulat grayak (Spodoptera frugiperda). Skripsi, Universitas Sriwijaya.
Khamid, M. B. R., & Siriyah, S. L. (2018). Efektivitas Bakteri Entomopatogen Dari Tanah Sawah Asal Kecamatan Cilebar Kabupaten Karawang Terhadap Intensitas Serangan, Mortalitas Hama Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura) Pada Hasil Tanaman Kubis Bunga (Brassica oleraceae L.). Jurnal Agrotek Indonesia, 3(1), 66–69.
Krishanti, N. P. R. A., Wikantyoso, B., Zulfitri, A., & Zulfiana, D. (2017). Entomopathogenic Bacteria as Biocontrol Agent Against Spodoptera litura (F.) Larvae,” J. Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati, 16(1), 1–110.
Liu, S., Wang, S., Wu, S., Wu, Y., Yang, Y. (2020). Proteolysis activation of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab protoxins by larval midgut juice proteases from Helicoverpa armigera. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0228159, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228159
Ma, X., Zhao, L., & Borras-hidalgo, O. (2023). New Native Bacillus thuringiensis Strains Induce High Insecticidal Action Against Mosquito Larvae and Adults. BMC Microbiol, 100(23), 1–14.
Mafazah, A., & Zulaika, E. (2017). Potensi Bacillus thuringiensis dari Tanah Perkebunan Batu Malang sebagai Bioinsektisida terhadap Larva Spodoptera litura F. Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS, 6(2), 2337–3520, doi:10.12962/j23373520.v6i2.27447.
Nair, K., Al-Thani, R., Al-Thani, D., Al-Yafei, T., Ahmed, T., & Jaoua, S. (2018). Diversity of Bacillus thuringiensis Strains from Qatar as Shown by Crystal Morphology, δ-Endotoxins and Cry Gene Content. Front. Microbiol, 9 (1), 1–10, doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00708.
Poopathi, S., & Tyagi, B. (2016). The Challenge of Mosquito Control Strategies: from Primordial to Molecular Approaches. Biotech Mol Bio Rev, 1(4), 51–65, [Online]. Available: http://www.academicjournals.org/BMBR/PDF/Pdf2006/Jun/Poopathi and Tyagi.pdf
Pujiastuti, Y., Triyansyah, T., Hamidson, H., Effendy, E., & Suparman, S. (2018). Produksi spora Bacillus thuringiensis pada media limbah dengan penambahan tepung cangkang keong mas dan toksisitasnya terhadap Spodoptera litura Fabr. (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal: Journal of Suboptimal Lands, 6(2), 150–157. doi:10.33230/JLSO.6.2.2017.294.
Rohmawati, A. 2020. Pengaruh bakteri kitinolitik dan Bacillus thuringiensis hasil biakan pada air rendaman kedelai terhadap mortalitas larva Aedes aegypti L. Skripsi, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel.
Septian, R. D., Afifah, L., Surjana, T., Saputro, N.W., & Enri, U. (2021). Identifikasi dan Efektivitas Berbagai Teknik Pengendalian Hama Baru Ulat Grayak Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith pada Tanaman Jagung berbasis PHT- Biointensif. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 26(4), 521–529, 2021, doi: 10.18343/jipi.26.4.521.
Suby, S. B., Soujanya, L., Yadava, P., Patil, J., Subharan, K., Prasad, G. S., Babu, K. S., Yathish, S. L. J. K. R., Vadassery, J., Kalia, V. K. Bakthavatsalam, K. R., Shekhar, J. C., & Rakhshit, S. (2020). Invasion of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in India: Nature, Distribution, Management and Potential Impact. Current Science, 119(1),44–51, doi:10.18520/cs/v119/i1/44-51.
Trisyono, Y. A., Suputa, S., Aryuwandari, V. E. F., Hartaman, M & Jumari, J. (2019). Occurrence of Heavy Infestation by the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, a New Alien Invasive Pest, in Corn Lampung, Indonesia. Jurnal. Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 23(1), 156-160, doi: 10.22146/jpti.46455.
Umboh, A. G., & Dantje, M. D. (2017). Populasi dan persentase serangan larva Spodoptera spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) di Kecamatan Modoinding. Jurnal Cocos, 1(2), 1–10.