Analysis of Family Resilience: The Effects of the COVID-19

Corresponding Author: Dony Darma Sagita, email: donyds@uhamka.ac.id , Jl. Limau II, Jakarta Selatan 12130, Indonesia Abstract: This study aims to analyze family resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide health problem at this time, including Indonesia, with a massive spread. Various issues arise due to the COVID-19 pandemic in economic, social, cultural, educational, and social welfare. This research was conducted on the people who lived in the COVID-19 red zone at Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi) area, with a total sample of 311 people. This study's data are political data collected using the Family Resilience instrument distributed using the Google Form application and data analysis using the Rasch Model and SPSS. Based on the research, it was found that the level of family resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic was in a suitable category. Therefore, it is necessary to increase parents' understanding in maintaining harmony and stability in the family conditions.

with the health protocol or those who ignore it, and so on. The search for treatment and treatment of Corona Virus has become a severe event and is needed by the world community today.  in Indonesia is increasing and expanding across regions and countries, accompanied by the number of cases and deaths. 6 This increase impacts the political 7 , economic, 8 social, cultural, defense, and security aspects and the welfare of the people in Indonesia, so it is necessary to accelerate the handling of COVID-19 in the form of Large-Scale Social Restrictions to reduce the widespread of  These actions include restrictions on certain activities of the population in an area suspected of being infected with COVID-19, including limitations on the movement of people and goods for one particular province or district/city to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The restrictions are carried out through the consolation of schools and workplaces, rules on religious activities, and restrictions on activities in public places or facilities. All of this is contained in Government Regulation number 21 of 2020 concerning Large-scale social conditions implemented in almost every region in Indonesia. 10 Implementing these large-scale social restrictions has various impacts on Indonesian people's lives both from social, economic, cultural, defense, security, welfare, and community happiness aspects. Besides, it has also been studied __________ 6 Muh Hasrul, "Aspek Hukum Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) dalam Rangka Penanganan Corona Virus Disease 2019 ," Legislatif 3, no. 2 (2020): 385-98. 7 Aknolt Kristian Pakpahan, "COVID-19 dan Implikasi bagi Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah," Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional 16, no. 1 (2020) -72-miliar-untuk-influencer-dalam-atasi-dampak-virus-corona-pengamatmau?page=all. from various perspectives that the isolation protocol impacts lifestyle and communication, 11 physical and mental health, 12 public health and the environment 13 and even social relations problems. 14 Upward of one-third of families have reported feeling very anxious about family stress from COVID-19. 15 The impact of isolation is associated with disturbances, such as stress, fear, sadness, anxiety, and emotional disorders on family life. 16 Likewise with community life at home, with the existence of large-scale social restrictions, an opportunity for families to strengthen ties in the family, because the function of the family during this pandemic is essential in the protection and defense of each family member. In addition to encouraging adjustments to new habits, building new connections and achieving a new identity. The emotions that exist in the family will affect the pressure that arises on that family 17 and related to family resilience as well as psychological. 18 However, research reveals that there have been increasing domestic violence cases, 19 lack of personal space in the family, and boredom. 20 Homemakers may be burdened by shortages of supply and the sudden need to care for the whole family. Parents may be depressed about the future of their work and their children's education 21 among all family members. It also has an impact on community family resilience.
Resilience is a concept that was initially developed in developmental psychopathology and is based on ecology, stress, and coping. 22 Previous resilience studies have examined resilience in individuals, but strength itself can actually be seen in the analytical unit such as families, groups, organizations, and communities, 23 positive adaptation processes accompanied by the ability to rise from bad experiences and pain. 24 In the family environment, family resilience is needed, especially in this COVID-19 condition, because family resilience affects each family member's life 25 and influences and contributes to education, economy, and socialization. __________ Also, family resilience has a function to prevent the risk of problems in the family. 26 Family resilience is a combination of individual characteristics, patterns of relationships, and interactions between family members so that strength is formed from strong and positive relationships in the family. 27 The emergence of family resilience is based on theory and research on stress, coping, and family adaptation. 28 Previous researchers began studies of family stress assuming 1) family members interact and support one another, 2) the existence of stressors requires families to adapt and make adjustments, and 3) specific rules and communities will encourage family coping and adaptation. 29 In Indonesia, family resilience is explained in Law Number 52, the Year 2009 concerning Population Development and Family Development, and Law Number 10/1992. Dynamic of a family with tenacity and resilience and contains material physical abilities and mental and spiritual spirituality to live independently, develop themselves and his family to achieve harmony in improving physical and psychological well-being. processes, equality, spirituality, flexibility, truth, hope, social support, and physical and emotional health. 31 Family resilience is a complex process that involves social, psychological, and biological factors. There are efforts to overcome the negative consequences of oppressive events and help families and individuals adjust to life difficulties. A sign of resilience is initiative and perseverance, which are strengthened by firm hopes and beliefs. According to Julia Bryan et al. 32 (quoted from Van Hook, 2008), family resilience can be realized if family members can recognize their social roles and tasks. Parents must be educated to encourage their children to engage in more creative activities, including board games, gardening, and drawing. Parents must find time to play with children and engage in daily rituals that strengthen family relationships and help spend time (WHO, 2020). Fellow family members can adequately resolve the psychological and social problems in the home during the COVID-19. Various studies on family resilience have been done quite a lot. Such as family conditions for parents who have dementia, 33 family resilience to children with schizophrenia, 34 and family resilience to natural hurricanes. 35 But in the context of family resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, there are still not many. This research focuses on the level of family resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in the red zone in several aspects. This study's results can also be the basis for understanding, preventing, and dealing with the impact of COVID-19 on family resilience.

B. Method
This research was conducted on the people who live in the COVID-19 red zone area at Jabodetabek area, with a total sample of 311 people. Sampling was obtained by using the convenience sampling method. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive research methods. 36 The data in this study were political data collected using the Family Resilience instrument distributed using the Google Form application with four alternative answers in the Likert scale model among the choices of solutions are 1) Always, 2) Often, 3) Sometimes and 4) Never.
The instrument in this study is based on six indicators: 1) Positive outlook, 2) Spirituality, 3) Communication in the family, 4) Engagement in the family, 5) Financial Management, and 6) Social Support. This study uses a quantitative approach. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics using the SPSS application combined with Rasch Modeling analysis using the Winsteps application. 37

C. Results
The results are discussed in detail based on the SPSS and the Rasch Model analysis. It addresses several items, including the level of family resilience in the red zone areas affected by COVID-19. The study results and interpretation of family endurance are seen based on scalograms, analysis of answer patterns on family endurance tests is presented with good validity. by COVID-19 is in the medium category with a percentage of 68.9%. This analysis supports the observations that there are still some that are less serious and do not think deeply. The results of the study below support this. In the Figure 1, it can be seen that there are 95 respondents (top) having respondents who are not fit compared to the others, as well as 23 and 41. Furthermore, it can be interpreted that respondents who have the highest family security are respondents with numbers 109 and 132. Again, the lowest value is in unpluralize. The level of family resilience is in the moderate position with a percentage of 68.9%. The results of the validity and reliability analysis are explained in the figure 2.   Figure 2 shows that the mean value of a person is (1.52 logit> 0.00 logit), which means that respondents' tendency to answer more is always the instrument that has been given to see the extent of family resilience. 38 The reliability of respondents shows the number 0.86, which means respondents' consistency in answering choices on the instrument shows good. 39 The interaction between the item and person reliability values of 0.89 means that the alpha Cronbach's quality is classified as excellent quality. Also, the sensitivity value for person answers is +1.01 Logit (INFIT MNSQ), and the sensitivity value for person answers as a whole is +0.97 Logit (OUTFIT MNSQ) which means that it is still in the ideal range (+0.5> MNSQ <+1, 5). 40 In the grouping section, people get four results which means that there are four groups of respondents. Furthermore, Figure 3 shows that the instrument's reliability is (0.99), meaning that its quality is in an outstanding category. Besides, the item answer's sensitivity value is +1.02 logit, and the overall value of the item answer sensitivity is + 0.97 logit. This indicates that it is still in the ideal range. This shows that the instrument's things are of good quality for the conditions of measurement that have been done. Figure 4 shows that the natural variance is 48%, not so much different from the expected value of 48.9%. This indicates that the 20% one-dimensional minimum requirements have been met. 41 The results of unexpended 1-5, it is 9% which shows an adequate level of instrument. Thus this condition states that the one-dimensional requirements of the instrument can be fulfilled. Also, t is noted that the 24 items used are valid.

D. Discussion
The study results showed that the level of family resilience in the red zone affected by COVID-19 is divided into three categories: high, medium, and low. The work shows that the level of family resilience in the moderate categorization is 16%, 16.3% for the high category, and 14.7% for the low class. This means that the family's condition in the red zone is sufficient to survive in difficult situations of life and adapt to these conditions and rise from adversity. The indicators reinforce this on family resilience which shows that attachment in the family has an essential role with a score of 18.33%. It is believed that the passion between members is able to solve a problem that occurs so that they can work together to recover from a situation. The same thing is expressed that attachment to each other can make the family able to coordinate with bai, attract each other from adversity, and significantly impact recovery. 42 Furthermore, a positive outlook with a score of 16.79% indicates that a positive outlook can strengthen one another and be able to rise from adversity. Positive emotions can be in the form of my love, humor, optimism, having positive solutions and suggestions that strengthen one another will make the family stronger. 43 Families who have a positive perspective will see the difficulties faced as a challenge that can be passed together and make it an experience and life process that must be accepted. This finding is also in line with research conducted by Siahaan that festive desserts can strengthen them and become a motivator to continue to work to overcome problems, and is confident that things will get better in the future. 44 Furthermore, spiritual indicators with a score of 13.36% adopted by a family are felt to provide suggestions for positive solutions to problems experienced by families. 45 The emergence of COVID-19 teaches that material is not everything. It starts to improve the quality of worship by always getting closer to God, such as listening to studies or lectures, worshiping in the congregation, and other activities aimed at improving spirituality. The results are strengthened by an explanation conducted by Canda and Furman, who states that spirituality is the heart of help, empathy, and attention, and how people view and experience life's events. 46 Communication in the family falls into the score of 12.82%. Communication patterns are essential for family resilience both verbally and nonverbally; the designs must be reciprocated with each other so that communication can go well. Communication can be complicated if not giving and receiving, which results in misunderstanding, feeling unappreciated, feeling poorly understood, making it a problem between family members that makes communication unhealthy. The next indicator is financial management with a score of 8.19% and social support 7.21%; both of these points are in a low position compared to other indicators; during the COVID-19 pandemic period, the economy is hampered, which family members who have jobs forced not to work, because following the call to not do activities outside the home. The low social support experienced in the red zone region resulted in family resilience in the moderate category.
The instrument test results using Rasch show that the instrument is in the outstanding category with a reliability value (0.99). The item sensitivity value is +1.02 logit, and the overall score is +0.971 logit.

E. Conclusion
The study results showed that the level of family resilience in the red zone affected by COVID-19 is divided into three categories: high, medium, and low. The work shows that the level of family resilience in the moderate categorization is 16%, 16.3% for the high category, and 14.7% for the low class. This means that the family's condition in the red zone is sufficient to survive in difficult situations of life and adapt to these conditions and rise from adversity. The indicators reinforce this on family resilience which shows that the family's attachment has an essential role with 18.33%. It is believed that the passion between members is able to solve a problem that occurs so that they can work together to recover from a situation. Furthermore, a positive outlook with a score of 16.79% indicates that a positive outlook can strengthen one another and rise from adversity. A spiritual indicator with a score of 13.36% adopted by a family is felt to provide positive solutions to problems experienced by the family. Communication in the family with 12.82% communication patterns is essential for family resilience both verbally and non-verbally; the designs must be reciprocated so that communication can go well. financial management with a score of 8.19% and social support 7.21%, both of these points are in a low position compared to other indicators; during the COVID-19 pandemic period, the economy was hampered, which family members who had jobs were forced not to work because following the call to not do activities outside the home and the low social support experienced in the red zone resulted in the resilience of the family is in the medium category. [s]