KONTROVERSI PEMIKIRAN ANTARA IMAM MALIK DENGAN IMAM SYAFI’I TENTANG MASLAHAH MURSALAH SEBAGAI SUMBER HUKUM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/ihya.18.1.1743Keywords:
Controversy, Imam Malik, Imam Syafi’i, Maslahah Mursalah, the Source Of LawAbstract
This article discusses about argument of maslahah mursalah as a source of law. The focus of the study in this paper is a controversial idea between Imam Malik and Imam Shafi'i about maslahah mursalah as a source of law. Controversy thinking between both of them as a source of law. First, Imam Malik used maslahah mursalah as a source of law, but Imam Malik stressed the establishment of the law by taking the benefit and using the ratio, it must not controvert with the rule of law that has been set by nash or ijma '. If there is a controversy then it must precede nash than maslahat. Secondly, Imam Shafi'i did not use maslahah mursalah as a source of law because it did not have a definite standard of nash and qiyas, while Imam Shafi'i’s establishment is all of law must be based on nash as qiyas. Imam Shafi'i did not mention this method in his book, al-Risalah. This controversy caused by the absence of a special argumentation that declare about maslahah accepted by Syar'i either directly or indirectly.---
Artikel ini mendiskusikan kehujjahan maslahah mursalah sebagai sumber hukum. Fokus kajian dalam tulisan ini adalah kontroversi pemikiran Imam Malik dengan Imam Syafi’i tentang maslahah mursalah sebagai sumber hukum. Kontroversi pemikiran antara keduanya tentang kehujjahan maslahah mursalah sebagai sumber hukum. Pertama, Imam Malik menggunakan maslahah mursalah sebagai sumber hukum, tetapi Imam Malik menekankan bahwa pembentukan hukum dengan mengambil kemaslahatan yaitu dengan menggunakan rasio tidak boleh bertentangan dengan tata hukum yang telah ditetapkan nash atau ijma’. Apabila terjadi pertentangan maka wajib mendahulukan nash dibandingkan maslahat. Kedua, Imam Syafi’i tidak menggunakan maslahah mursalah sebagai sumber hukum karena mashlahah mursalah tidak memiliki standar yang pasti dari nash maupun qiyas, sedangkan pendirian Imam Syafi’i semua hukum haruslah didasarkan nash atau disandarkan pada nash sebagaimana qiyas. Imam Syafi’i sendiri tidak menyinggung metode ini dalam kitabnya al-Risalah. Adanya kontroversi ini karena tidak adanya dalil khusus yang menyatakan diterimanya maslahah oleh Syar’i baik secara langsung maupun tidak.
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