Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang - Indonesia
Malih: An Ethnography Approach on Malioboro’s Social Change and Empowerment Discourse
This study investigates the liminal experiences of street vendors on Malioboro Street, Yogyakarta, and the street itself as dynamic entities shaped by governmental regulations and social realities. It explores the interplay between power, state governance, small and medium-sized economies, and socio-cultural phenomena, focusing on community empowerment. Employing ethnographic methods, the research provides an in-depth, qualitative understanding of the street vendors' lived experiences and the socio-economic environment of Malioboro. The findings reveal despite the government's pro-SME stance, restrictive urban policies frequently undermine the vendors' stability and economic security. This discord creates a persistent state of liminality for the street vendors, who are continuously displaced and rendered powerless to shape their lives. The study underscores the importance of inclusive and humane urban governance that balances regulatory objectives with the socio-economic realities of street vendors. It calls for involving vendors in policy development, creating flexible regulatory frameworks, and investing in supportive infrastructure. By fostering inclusive, participatory, and culturally rich urban environments, it is possible to create economically vibrant and socially equitable spaces, benefiting all city residents.
Keywords: Anthropology, Liminality, Malioboro’s Sidewalk
- Abu Lughold, L. (1990). The Romance of Resistance: Tracing Transformations of Power Through Bedouin Women. American Ethnologist, 17(1), 41–55.
- Amin, A., & Thrift, N. (2002). Cities: Reimagining the Urban | Wiley. Wiley. https://www.wiley.com/en-gb/Cities%3A+Reimagining+the+Urban-p-9780745624136.
- Amin, A. (2013). Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East, Second Edition. Stanford University Press.
- Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The Location of Culture. https://www.routledge.com/The-Location-of-Culture/Bhabha/p/book/9780415336390.
- Billiocta, Y. (2016, March 30). Juru parkir di Malioboro tolak relokasi ke parkiran Abu Bakar Ali | merdeka.com. https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/juru-parkir-di-malioboro-tolak-relokasi-ke-parkiran-abu-bakar-ali.html.
- Biro Hukum, P. D. (n.d.). Keputusan Gubernur Penetapan Kawasan Cagar Budaya. Retrieved August 27, 2023, from https://jdih.jogjaprov.go.id/produk_hukum/preview/5035.
- Boonstra, B., & Boelens, L. (2011). Self-organization in urban development: Towards a new perspective on spatial planning. Urban Research & Practice, 4(2), 99–122.
- Brenner, N. (2004). New State Spaces: Urban Governance and the Rescaling of Statehood. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270057.001.0001.
- Brenner, N., & Theodore, N. (2002). Spaces of Neoliberalism: Space Restructuring in North America and Western Europe. Blackwell Publishing.
- Brenner, R. (1977). The Origins of Capitalist Development: A Critique of Neo-Smithian Marxism. New Left Review, 1(4), 25–39.
- Bromley, R. (2000). Street vending and public policy: A global review. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 20(1/2), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443330010789052.
- Buch, E. D. (2015). Anthropology of Power: Empowerment and Disempowerment in Changing Structures. Annual Review of Anthropology, 44, 555–569.
- Burchell, G. (1991). Peculiar Interests: Civil Society and Governing “The System of Natural Liberty.” The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality, 19–50.
- Campbell, S. (1996). Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities? Urban Planning and the Contradictions of Sustainable Development. Journal of the American Planning Association, 62(3), 26–38.
- Castells, M. (2010). The Network Enterprise: The Culture, Institutions, and Organizations of the Informational Economy. In The Rise of the Network Society (pp. 163–215). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444319514.ch3.
- Chua, L., & Mathur, N. (2018). Who are ‘We’? Reimagining Alterity and Affinity in Anthropology. Ethnos, 83(3), 443–457.
- Davis, M. (1990). City of Quartz. Verso.
- Durkheim, E. (1997). The Division of Labor in Society. Simon and Schuster.
- Engels, F. (1884). THE ORIGIN OF THE FAMILY, PRIVATE PROPERTY AND THE STATE A BOOK REVIEW. https://www.academia.edu/83019976/THE_ORIGIN_OF_THE_FAMILY_PRIVATE_PROPERTY_AND_THE_STATE_A_BOOK_REVIEW.
- Fitriani, R. (2017). Urban Governance and Street Vendors: A Case Study of Yogyakarta. Journal of Urban and Regional Policy, 22(1), 55–70.
- Florida, R. (2002). The Rise of the Creative Class. https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/richard-florida/the-rise-of-the-creative-class/9781541617735/?lens=basic-books
- Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books.
- Gade, D. W. (2014). Yogyakarta: Cultural and Economic Hub. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 64(2).
- Gehl, J., & Svarre, B. (2013). How to Study Public Life. Journal of Urban Design, 18(2), 39–50.
- Gennep, A. V. (2004). The Rites of Passage. Psychology Press.
- Gordon, F. (1991). Governmental Rationality: An Introduction. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality, 1–52.
- Graeber, D. (2013). It is Value that Brings Universes into Being. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 3(2), 219–243.
- Gupta, A., & Ferguson, J. (1992). Beyond “Culture”: Space, Identity, and the Politics of Difference. Cultural Anthropology, 7(1), 6–23.
- Harris, R. (2001). The Importance of Street Vending in Urban Economies. Economic Development Quarterly, 15(4), 409–420.
- Harvey, D. (2006). Spaces of Global Capitalism. Verso.
- Harvey, D. (2009). Social Justice and the City. University of Georgia Press. https://ugapress.org/book/9780820334035/social-justice-and-the-city
- Harvey, D. (2012). Rebel Cities. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/products/2236-rebel-cities
- Harvey, D. (2020). “The Right to the City”: New Left Review (2008). In The City Reader (7th ed.). Routledge.
- Harvey, P. (2005). The Materiality of State-Effects: An Ethnography of a Road in the Peruvian Andes. Anthropological Theory, 5(1), 59–85.
- Hernawan, A. (2022, January 27). Suara Warga Malioboro di Hari Relokasi PKL. Mojok.co. https://mojok.co/liputan/suara-warga-malioboro-di-hari-relokasi-pkl/
- Hook, D. (2001). Discourse, Knowledge, Materiality, History: Foucault and Discourse Analysis. Theory & Psychology, 11(4), 21–47.
- Izzudin, H. (2023, February 9). Tangis Pedagang Teras Malioboro 2 karena Dagangan Tak Laku. https://mojok.co/liputan/geliatwarga/tangis-pedagang-teras-malioboro-2-di-samping-dagangan-yang-tak-laku/
- Jacobs, J. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Random House Group. https://www.randomhousebooks.com/books/
- Jessop, B. (2004). Marxian State Theory and the Critique of Political Economy. Capital & Class, 28(1), 93–117.
- Knights, D., & Vurdubakis, T. (1994). Foucault, Power, Resistance and All That. Theobald Journal of Management Studies, 31(1), 1–30.
- Lefebvre, H. (1974). The Production of Space | Wiley. Blackwell Publishing. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Production+of+Space-p-9780631181774
- Lefebvre, H. (1991). Critique of Everyday Life. Verso.
- Li, T. M. (2017). Practices of Assemblage and Community Forest Management. Economy and Society, 36(2), 263–293.
- Lindell, I. (2010). Informality and collective organizing: Identities, alliances and transnational activism in Africa. Third World Quarterly, 31(2), 207–222.
- Logan, J. R., & Molotch, H. L. (1987). Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place. University of California Press.
- Marx, K. (1867). Capital A Critique of Political Economy Volume I Book One: The Process of Production of Capital. https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/
- Massey, D. (2005). For Space. SAGE Publications.
- McGranahan, G., & Satterthwaite, D. (2003). Urban Centers: An Assessment of Sustainability. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 28(1), 43–74.
- Mitchell, D. (2003). The Right to the City: Social Justice and the Fight for Public Space. Guilford Press. https://www.routledge.com/The-Right-to-the-City-Social-Justice-and-the-Fight-for-Public-Space/Mitchell/p/book/9781572308473
- Mosse, D. (2004). Is Good Policy Unimplementable? Reflections on the Ethnography of Aid Policy and Practice. Development and Change, 35(4), 39–71.
- Neuman, N. (2005). The Compact City Fallacy. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 25(1), 11–26.
- Nietzsche, F. (1994). The Birth of Tragedy: Out of the Spirit of Music (M. Tanner, Ed.; S. Whiteside, Trans.; unknown edition). Penguin Classics.
- Nietzsche, F. (2017). Nietzsche: On the Genealogy of Morality and Other Writings (K. Ansell-Pearson, Ed.; C. Diethe, Trans.; 3rd edition). Cambridge University Press.
- Olssen, M. (2003). Olssen, M. (2003). Foucault and Marxism: Rewriting the Theory of Historical Materialism. Policy Futures in Education, 1(3), 54–82.
- Ortner, S. B. (1995). Resistance and the Problem of Ethnographic Refusal. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 37(1), 173–193.
- Owen, D. (1995). Genealogy as Perspicuous Representation. Nietzsche, Power and Modernity.
- Parker, S. (2004). Urban Theory and the Urban Experience: Encountering the City. Routledge.
- Pearson, K. A. (2006). The Incarnate Will: Imagination and Desire in Nietzsche’s Thought. Philosophy Today, 50(5), 39–56.
- Prihatin, T. (2018). The Impact of Urban Policies on Street Vendors in Yogyakarta.
- Putri, A. (2018). Social Impact of Street Vendor Relocation in Malioboro, 11(3), 165-178. Journal of Social Research, 11(3), 65–78.
- Rahardjo, T. (2020). Economic and Social Dynamics of Malioboro Street. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Sciences, 48(2).
- Roy, A. (2005). Urban Informality: Toward an Epistemology of Planning. Journal of the American Planning Association, 71(2), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360508976689
- Sari, M. (2016). Informal Economy and Street Vendors in Indonesia. Journal of Southeast Asian Economies, 33(2), 48–63.
- Sassen, S. (2001). The Global City. Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691070636/the-global-city
- Scott, A. J. (2006). Scott, A. J. (2006). Creative Cities: Conceptual Issues and Policy Questions. Journal of Urban Affairs, 28(1), 1-17. 28(1), 1–17.
- Shore, C., & Wright, S. (1997). Policy: A New Field of Anthropology. Anthropology of Policy: Critical Perspectives on Governance and Power, 3–42.
- Smith, N. (1996). The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/The-New-Urban-Frontier-Gentrification-and-the-Revanchist-City/Smith/p/book/9780415132558
- Soja, E. W. (1996). Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-Imagined Places. Wiley. https://www.wiley.com/en-br/Thirdspace%3A+Journeys+to+Los+Angeles+and+Other+Real-and-Imagined+Places-p-9781557866745
- Suharso, E. (2017). Urban Space and Public Policy in Yogyakarta. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 21(2), 118–132.
- Susanto, H. (2021, December 31). https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-tengah/d-5878487/pkl-malioboro-gelar-doa-bersama-berharap-relokasi-ditunda
- Susetyarini, O., & Masjhoer, J. (2018). PENGUKURAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN WISATAWAN TERHADAP FASILITAS UMUM, PRASARANA UMUM, DAN FASILITAS PARIWISATA DI MALIOBORO PASCAREVITALISASI KAWASAN. Kepariwisataan: Jurnal Ilmiah, 12. https://doi.org/10.47256/kepariwisataan.v12i01.93
- Syaifullah, M. (2010). Kirab Budaya Hantar Relokasi Pasar Burung Ngasem—Bisnis Tempo.co. https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/241794/kirab-budaya-hantar-relokasi-pasar-burung-ngasem
- Szakolczai, A. (2009). Liminality and Experience: Structuring Transitory Situations and Transformative Events. International Political Anthropology, 2(1), 141–172.
- Thieme, T. A. (2017). The hustle economy: Informality, uncertainty and the geographies of getting by. Progress in Human Geography, 41(2), 160–179.
- Thomassen, B. (2009). The Uses and Meanings of Liminality. International Political Anthropology, 2(1), 5–27.
- Tilly, C. (2004). Social Movements, 1768-2004. Paradigm Publishers.
- Turner, V. (1969). The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Aldine. https://www.routledge.com/The-Ritual-Process-Structure-and-Anti-Structure/Turner-Abrahams-Harris/p/book/9780202011905
- Watson, V. (2009). The planned city sweeps the poor away...: Urban planning and 21st century urbanisation. Progress in Planning, 73(3), 51–93.
- Wedel, J. R., Shore, C., Feldman, G., & Lathrop, S. (2005). Toward an Anthropology of Public Policy. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 60(1), 30–51.
- Werbner, R. (1996). Multiple Identities, Plural Arenas: Towards a Comparative Analysis of Informal Justice in the Third World. Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 37–60.
- Yvesta, A. (2023, May 21). Hotel yang Dibeli Pemda DIY Rp170 Miliar, Disiapkan untuk UMKM. Mojok.Co. https://mojok.co/kilas/ekonomi/hotel-yang-dibeli-pemda-diy-rp170-miliar-mulai-disiapkan-untuk-umkm/
- Zukin, S. (1995). The Cultures of Cities. Blackwell Publishing.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.