Legal Pluralism: Concept, Theoretical Dialectics, and Its Existence in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/walrev.2024.6.2.25566Abstract
Legal pluralism is the coexistence of multiple legal systems within a society, including state law, customary law, and religious law. In Indonesia, this concept is deeply rooted in its colonial history and cultural diversity, leading to unique legal practices. This study explores how legal pluralism functions in Indonesia and the challenges of aligning state law with non-state legal systems. It aims to analyze the different forms of legal pluralism, identify key challenges in integrating these systems, and propose strategies to improve justice and legal certainty. Using a qualitative research method, the study examines legal pluralism across various Indonesian regions. It highlights two perspectives: juridical legal pluralism (recognition of customary law by the state) and empirical legal pluralism (the reality of individuals being subject to multiple legal systems). The findings suggest that, while legal pluralism reflects Indonesia's complexity and offers opportunities for inclusive governance, it also creates challenges, such as legal uncertainty and inequality. A coordinated legal approach that respects local cultures and upholds justice is essential for enhancing social cohesion and improving legal outcomes.
Pluralisme hukum adalah keberadaan berbagai sistem hukum dalam suatu masyarakat, termasuk hukum negara, hukum adat, dan hukum agama. Di Indonesia, konsep ini berakar kuat dalam sejarah kolonial dan keragaman budayanya, yang mengarah pada praktik hukum yang unik. Studi ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana pluralisme hukum berfungsi di Indonesia dan tantangan dalam menyelaraskan hukum negara dengan sistem hukum non-negara. Tujuannya adalah untuk menganalisis berbagai bentuk pluralisme hukum, mengidentifikasi tantangan utama dalam mengintegrasikan sistem ini, dan mengusulkan strategi untuk meningkatkan keadilan dan kepastian hukum. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, studi ini mengkaji pluralisme hukum di berbagai wilayah Indonesia. Studi ini menyoroti dua perspektif: pluralisme hukum yuridis (pengakuan hukum adat oleh negara) dan pluralisme hukum empiris (realitas individu yang tunduk pada berbagai sistem hukum). Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, meskipun pluralisme hukum mencerminkan kompleksitas Indonesia dan menawarkan peluang untuk tata kelola yang inklusif, pluralisme hukum juga menciptakan tantangan, seperti ketidakpastian hukum dan ketidaksetaraan. Pendekatan hukum terkoordinasi yang menghormati budaya lokal dan menegakkan keadilan sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kohesi sosial dan meningkatkan hasil hukum.
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