Reformulation of Renewable Energy Incentives: A Normative Review of the Implementation of Limited-Quota Feed-In Tariffs in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/walrev.2025.7.2.28425Abstract
This article discusses the abolition of the net-metering scheme under Ministerial Regulation of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 2/2024, which reduces the economic viability of rooftop solar power plants in Indonesia, especially for households. This study uses a normative and comparative legal approach to examine the absence of post-net metering incentives. It offers a Feed-in Tariff (FiT) with limited quotas as an alternative. The results show that the abolition of net metering extends the payback period for rooftop solar power plants, making their adoption less feasible without additional support. Meanwhile, the experiences of other countries such as Japan and Bangladesh demonstrate the success of FiT in providing tariff certainty and grid stability. This research contributes by emphasizing the relevance of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution in the context of energy justice, while proposing FiT with limited quotas as a more equitable and sustainable incentive. This scheme is expected to encourage the use of green energy in Indonesia in line with commitments to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13 commitments.
Artikel ini mengkaji dampak penghapusan skema net-metering melalui Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (Permen ESDM) No. 2 Tahun 2024 menimbulkan implikasi signifikan terhadap keekonomian Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) atap, khususnya di sektor rumah tangga. Kebijakan ini menghilangkan insentif finansial yang sebelumnya mendorong partisipasi masyarakat dalam transisi energi, sehingga menimbulkan kekosongan hukum dan ekonomi dalam mekanisme dukungan energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak hukum dan ekonomi dari penghapusan skema net-metering serta menawarkan alternatif kebijakan berbasis Feed-in Tariff (FiT) dengan kuota terbatas guna menjaga keekonomian dan keadilan energi bagi pengguna PLTS atap. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif dan komparatif, dengan analisis terhadap regulasi nasional dan praktik internasional di negara lain seperti Jepang dan Bangladesh. Data diperoleh melalui studi literatur, analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, serta perbandingan kebijakan energi terbarukan di berbagai yurisdiksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penghapusan net-metering memperpanjang periode pengembalian modal investasi PLTS atap, sehingga menurunkan kelayakan ekonomi di tingkat rumah tangga. Sebaliknya, penerapan Feed-in Tariff dengan mekanisme kuota terbukti di negara lain mampu memberikan kepastian tarif, menjaga stabilitas jaringan listrik, dan meningkatkan minat investasi energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penerapan kebijakan berbasis keadilan energi sesuai amanat Pasal 33 UUD 1945 serta kontribusinya terhadap pencapaian SDG 7 dan SDG 13
Keywords: renewable energy; feed-in tariff; green energy; net-metering; incentive.
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