Refugee Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/walrev.2026.8.1.31354Abstract
This article critically examines the protection of sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) of refugee women in Indonesia within the context of its status as a non-signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention. While Indonesia has ratified key human rights instruments, the national legal framework—primarily Presidential Regulation No. 125/2016—fails to adequately guarantee access to maternal and reproductive healthcare for refugee women. Employing a non-doctrinal qualitative methodology, this study integrates normative legal analysis with empirical data derived from interviews with UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) Indonesia and reports from international and civil society organizations. The article introduces a novel analytical framework by combining Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability, Affordability, Quality standards, ROAM health equity indicators, and feminist legal theory to assess Indonesia’s obligations as a transit state. It argues that Indonesia operates under a model of “delegated humanitarianism,” whereby state responsibility for refugee protection is effectively transferred to international organizations such as UNHCR and UN Migration Agency (IOM). This governance model produces structural inequalities, particularly for refugee women, whose reproductive health needs remain unaddressed due to gender-neutral regulatory approaches. Findings reveal systemic disparities in maternal healthcare access, discriminatory treatment in service delivery, and the absence of state-funded healthcare mechanisms for refugees. The article concludes by proposing an integrated legal and institutional reform model that emphasizes state accountability, gender-sensitive policy design, and multi-level coordination to ensure the fulfillment of SRHR for refugee women in transit contexts.
Artikel ini mengkaji secara kritis perlindungan hak kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi perempuan pengungsi di Indonesia dalam konteks statusnya sebagai negara yang tidak menandatangani Konvensi Pengungsi 1951. Meskipun Indonesia telah meratifikasi instrumen-instrumen hak asasi manusia utama, kerangka hukum nasional—terutama Peraturan Presiden No. 125/2016—gagal menjamin akses yang memadai terhadap layanan kesehatan ibu dan reproduksi bagi perempuan pengungsi. Dengan menggunakan metodologi kualitatif non-doktrinal, studi ini mengintegrasikan analisis hukum normatif dengan data empiris yang diperoleh dari wawancara dengan UNHCR Indonesia serta laporan dari organisasi internasional dan masyarakat sipil. Artikel ini memperkenalkan kerangka kerja analitis baru dengan menggabungkan standar AAAQ (Ketersediaan, Aksesibilitas, Penerimaan, Keterjangkauan, Kualitas), indikator kesetaraan kesehatan ROAM, dan teori hukum feminis untuk menilai kewajiban Indonesia sebagai negara transit. Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa Indonesia beroperasi berdasarkan model “kemanusiaan yang didelegasikan,” di mana tanggung jawab negara dalam perlindungan pengungsi secara efektif dialihkan kepada organisasi internasional seperti UNHCR dan IOM. Model tata kelola ini menimbulkan ketidaksetaraan struktural, terutama bagi perempuan pengungsi, yang kebutuhan kesehatan reproduksinya tetap tidak terpenuhi akibat pendekatan regulasi yang netral gender. Temuan-temuan menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan sistemik dalam akses layanan kesehatan ibu, perlakuan diskriminatif dalam penyediaan layanan, dan tidak adanya mekanisme layanan kesehatan yang didanai negara bagi pengungsi. Artikel ini diakhiri dengan mengusulkan model reformasi hukum dan kelembagaan terintegrasi yang menekankan akuntabilitas negara, perancangan kebijakan yang sensitif gender, dan koordinasi multi-tingkat untuk memastikan terpenuhinya HKSR bagi perempuan pengungsi dalam konteks transit.
Keywords: Maternal; Health; Refugee; Sexual and Reproductive Health; Woman.
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