Reconstruction of Bank Liability in Banking Skimming Crimes in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/walrev.2026.8.1.31550Abstract
This study examines the legal ambiguity surrounding bank liability toward customers who become victims of skimming crimes within the Indonesian banking system. Existing regulations impose obligations on banks; however, the implementation of compensation mechanisms and evidentiary procedures often places customers in a disadvantaged position. This research employs normative legal methods with statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings reveal a structural imbalance in risk allocation and evidentiary burden between banks and customers. This study proposes a reconstructed liability model integrating strict liability and the shifting burden of proof, requiring banks to provide preliminary compensation followed by internal verification. This model strengthens legal certainty, enhances consumer protection, and aligns liability with institutional risk control in digital banking.
Penelitian ini mengkaji ketidakpastian hukum terkait tanggung jawab bank terhadap nasabah yang menjadi korban tindak pidana skimming dalam sistem perbankan Indonesia. Peraturan yang ada saat ini memang membebankan kewajiban kepada bank; namun, implementasi mekanisme ganti rugi dan prosedur pembuktian sering kali menempatkan nasabah pada posisi yang tidak menguntungkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya ketidakseimbangan struktural dalam alokasi risiko dan beban pembuktian antara pihak bank dan nasabah. Penelitian ini mengusulkan rekonstruksi model tanggung jawab yang mengintegrasikan prinsip tanggung jawab mutlak (strict liability) dan pembalikan beban pembuktian (shifting burden of proof), yang mewajibkan bank untuk memberikan ganti rugi awal yang diikuti dengan verifikasi internal. Model ini memperkuat kepastian hukum, meningkatkan perlindungan konsumen, dan menyelaraskan tanggung jawab dengan kendali risiko institusional dalam perbankan digital.
Keywords: Bank Liability; Skimming; Strict Liability; Burden of Proof; Consumer Protection
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