Synthesis of Fe₃O₄-Zno-Bentonite Composite and Their Activities in Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/wjc.v7i2.24018Keywords:
Fe3O4-ZnO-Bentonite, photocatalyst, methylene blueAbstract
The development of Fe₃O₄-ZnO-Bentonite photocatalyst material is crucial for the treatment of dye effluents, particularly in response to the rapid growth of the textile industry. Methylene blue, widely used as a textile dye, poses environmental challenges. The combination of bentonite, ZnO, and Fe₃O₄ was synthesized using the coprecipitation method to create a material capable of photodegrading methylene blue dye. Fe₃O₄-ZnO-Bentonite was synthesized using 2 g of bentonite, 8.19 g of Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, and FeSO₄:FeCl₃ weight ratios (in grams) of 4.170:4.055 (composite 1), 4.170:8.109 (composite 2), and 4.170:12.164 (composite 3). Characterization of the photocatalyst materials was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping. The Fe₃O₄-ZnO-Bentonite composite exhibited a crystalline structure, with band gap values of 2.94 eV (composite 1), 2.07 eV (composite 2), and 2.20 eV (composite 3). The morphology of the material was characterized by small and irregularly shaped chunks. Elemental analysis detected Fe, Zn, and Si peaks, confirming the even distribution of Fe₃O₄ and ZnO within the bentonite matrix. The synthesized Fe₃O₄-ZnO-Bentonite composite demonstrated enhanced photodegradation activity for methylene blue compared to the starting materials. Composite 3 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, achieving a degradation efficiency of 96.02% at a methylene blue concentration of 20 ppm (pH 9) within 60 minutes.
Downloads
References
Aprilita, N. H., Amalia, D., & Wahyuni, E. T. (2022). Removal of the Hazardous Congo Red Dye through Degradation under Visible Light Photocatalyzed by C,N Co-Doped TiO2 Prepared from Chicken Egg White. The Scientific World Journal, 2022, 14–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2613841
Artanti, D. (2022). Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Komposit CuO-ZnO-Bentonit sebagai Kandidat Material Fotokatalis.
Balarak, D. . F. K. (2019). Photocatalytic Degradation of Amoxicillin Using UV/Synthesized NiO from Pharmaceutical Wastewater. J. Chem. , 19(1), 211–218.
Chen, W., Xiao, H., Xu, H., Ding, T., & Gu, Y. (2015). Photodegradation of Methylene Blue by TiO2-Fe3O4-Bentonite Magnetic Nanocomposite. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 225, 464–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.11.029
Choi, H. J., & Yu, S. W. (2019). Biosorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Agricultural Bioadsorbent Corncob. Environmental Engineering Research, 24(1), 99–106.
Dehghan, S., Kakavandi, B., & Kalantary, R. R. (2018). Heterogeneous Sonocatalytic Degradation of Amoxicillin using ZnO@Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanocomposite: Influential Factors, Reusability and Mechanisms. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 264, 98–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.020
Długosz, O., Wąsowicz, N., Szostak, K., & Banach, M. (2021). Photocatalytic Properties of Coating Materials Enriched with Bentonite/ZnO/CuO Nanocomposite. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 260, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.124150
Habib, A., Ngatijo, & Gusti, D. R. (2019). Sintesis dan karakterisasi magnetit terlapis dimerkaptosilika. Chempublish Journal, 4(2), 81–88. https://doi.org/10.22437/chp.v4i2.8034
Huang, C. Y., Tai, K. L., Huang, C. W., Tseng, Y. T., Lo, H. Y., & Wu, W. W. (2020). Dynamic observation on the functional metal oxide conversion behaviors in Fe3O4/ZnO heterostructures. Scripta Materialia, 177, 192–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.10.035
Islammiyatia, A., Azwar, A., & Asri, A. (2022). Studi Pengaruh Penyinaran Lampu Ultraviolet pada Kinerja. 10(3), 430–435.
Jiang, L., Ye, Q., Chen, J., Chen, Z., & Gu, Y. (2018). Preparation of magnetically recoverable Bentonite–Fe3O4–MnO2 composite particles for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 513, 748–759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2017.11.063
Kehutanan, M. L. H. dan. (2021). Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor 6 Tahun 2021. Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia, April, 5–24.
Oktavia, A. D., & Rohmawati, L. (2022). Fabrikasi Fe3O4/ZnO Nanokomposit dengan Ultrasonication Metode Gelombang dan Aplikasinya untuk Antibakteri. Review Fisik Indonesia, 5(3), 177–187.
PUTRI, A. A. (2020). Sintesis dan karakterisasi bentonit terpilar logam besi dan kromium sebagai katalis untuk konversi etanol menjadi gasolin. In Skripsi, Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta (Vol. 21, Issue 1).
Rabiudin, R., Rusdin, R., & Maimuna, W. (2022). Telaah Kognitif: Pemetaan Kemampuan Mengingat Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran Fisika Dan Matematika. Jambura Physics Journal, 4(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.34312/jpj.v4i1.13603
Rahimi, S. M., Panahi, A. H., Moghaddam, N. S. M., Allahyari, E., & Nasseh, N. (2022). Breaking Down of Low-Biodegradation Acid Red 206 dye using Bentonite/ Fe3O4/ZnO Magnetic Nanocomposite as a Novel Photo-catalyst in Presence of UV light . Chemical Physics Letters, 794(139480).
Ramadhannur, A. R., Wirawan, T., & Hindryawati, N. (2021a). Fotokatalisis synthesis composite Zn-Fe3O4/WO3 and their application . Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kimia 2021, 6–11.
Ramadhannur, A. R., Wirawan, T., & Hindryawati, N. (2021b). Pembuatan Komposit Zn-Fe3O4/WO3 dan Aplikasinya dalam Proses Fotokatalisis. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kimia 2021 FMIPA UNMUL.
Ramadhika, L. N., Aprilia, A., Safriani, L., Fisika, P. S., Matematika, F., Alam, P., & Padjadjaran, U. (2021). Studi Preparasi Senyawa ZnO:TiO2 sebagai Material Fotokatalis. 11(02), 83–95.
Riskiani, E., Suprihatin, I. E., & Sibarani, J. (2018). Fotokatalis Bentonit-Fe2O3 untuk Degradation Zat Warna Remazol Brilliant Blue. Cakra Kimia, 7(1), 46–54.
Ristianingsih, Y., Istiani, A., & Irfandy, F. (2020). Kesetimbangan Adsorbsi Zat Warna Metilen Blue dengan Adsorben Karbon Aktif Tongkol Jagung Terimpregnasi Fe2O3. Jurnal Teknologi Agro-Industri, 7(1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.34128/jtai.v7i1.115
Suprihatin, I. E., Murdani, N. D., & Suarsa, I. W. (2021). Bentonit-Fe3O4 sebagai fotokatalis dalam proses fotodegradasi naphthol blue black dengan iradiasi UV. Jurnal Kimia 15(1), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2021.v15.i01.p09
Szostak, K., & Banach, M. (2019). Sorption and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue on bentonite-ZnO-CuO nanocomposite. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 286, 110859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.136
Tang, N. F. R., Tahir, D., & Heryanto, H. (2022). Sintesis Komposit ZnO/Ca3(PO4)2 menggunakan metode Sol-gel sebagai Material Fotokatalis Limbah Cair Industri (Metilen Biru). Jurnal Fisika Flux: Jurnal Ilmiah Fisika FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, 19(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.20527/flux.v19i1.11824
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the publisher of the journal. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to published articles. Therefore, the author must submit a statement of the Copyright Transfer Agreement.*)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
In line with the license, authors and any users (readers and other researchers) are allowed to share and adapt the material. In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicated if changes were made. If authors remix, transform or build upon the material, authors must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original.
*) Authors whose articles are accepted for publication will receive confirmation via email to send a Copyright Transfer Agreement.
