KONTEKSTUALITAS DAN HISTORISITAS MATAN HADIS-HADIS PEPERANGAN TERHADAP NON-MUSLIM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/teo.2017.28.1.1322Keywords:
hadis, peperangan, non-MuslimAbstract
Abstract: Some hadiths of warfare against non-Muslims often used as a reference by radical groups in carrying out their jihad actions.They do not read hadiths thoroughly and just focus on the text, regardless of the historicity and aspects of the language. Moreover, they also did not read hadiths of religious tolerance and attitudes of Rasulullah PBUH while interacting with non-Muslims. This study aims to answer the question of what is the contextual understanding of hadiths of hostility towards non-Muslim? It is library research. It uses hadiths of hostility towards non-Muslims from al-kutub al-tis’ah as a primary source and uses criticism of matan hadith as the research approach. By using content analysis method, it finds that hadiths of hostility towards non-Muslims broadly have a meaning that Rasulullah PBUH commanded to fight the polytheists who were hostile until they are willing to say two sentences creed. Thus, the hadiths intended only for non-Muslims who fight against Muslims, which they have chosen to start a fight and did not accept the way of peace. Therefore, not all of non-Muslims are worthy/ appropriate to be hostile or to be fought either. Furthermore, fighting any non-Muslims who do not fight Muslims is contrary to the texts and scholarly consensus.
Abstrak: Beberapa hadis tentang perang melawan non-Muslim sering digunakan sebagai acuan oleh kelompok-kelompok radikal dalam melakukan tindakan jihad mereka. Mereka tidak membaca hadis secara menyeluruh dan hanya fokus pada teksnya, terlepas dari historisitas dan aspek bahasa. Selain itu, mereka juga tidak membaca hadis tentang toleransi dan sikap Rasulullah saat berinteraksi dengan non-Muslim. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menjawab pertanyaan; bagaimana pemahaman kontekstual hadis-hadis tentang permusuhan terhadap non-Muslim? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan, yang menggunakan hadis tentang permusuhan terhadap non-Muslim dalam al-kutub al-tis'ah sebagai sumber utama, dan menggunakan kritik matan hadis sebagai pendekatan penelitian. Dengan menggunakan analisis konten, Penelitian ini menemukan; hadis tentang permusuhan terhadap non-Muslim secara luas memiliki makna bahwa Rasulullah diperintahkan untuk memerangi kaum kafir yang memusuhi sampai mereka bersedia untuk mengatakan dua kalimat syahadat. Dengan demikian, obyek hadis tersebut ditujukan hanya untuk non-Muslim yang memerangi umat Islam, yang mereka telah memilih untuk memulai perkelahian dan tidak menerima jalan damai. Oleh karena itu, tidak semua non-Muslim layak/ tepat untuk dimusuhi, bahkan harus diperlakukan secara baik. Di samping itu, memerangi setiap non-Muslim yang tidak memerangi umat Islam bertentangan dengan teks dan konsensus ilmiah.
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