PENYERAPAN DAN MOTIVASI UMAT ISLAM MENGEMBANGKAN FILSAFAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/teo.2016.27.1.921Keywords:
filsafat, Yunani, Romawi, Islam, al-MakmūnAbstract
Abstract: A touch of Hellenistic culture on Muslims was apparent in the first Umayyah caliph era, Mu'a>wiyah ibn Abi Sufya>n (41-60 H), who was kind to officially appoint high officers and his personal physician of the Roman scientists. At that very moment, the translation of books from Greco-Roman to Arabic had not been done, but the absorption of Greco-Roman culture was done by regular interaction or everyday conversation (social interaction). The aim of the paper is to track when the absorption of the Muslims started concerning on the Greco-Roman philosophy, because there is information that they, in first century of Hijriyah, had started copying Greek books into Arabic. According to historical data, at the time of the Umayah, the Caliph Kha>lid ibn Yazi>d had ordered a Greek scientist who lived in Alexandria to translate the Organon of Aristotle from Greek into Arabic. This paper is a literary study that particularly discusses the absorption process and the motivation of Muslims in developing a philosophy imported from the Greco-Roman, and some part of the world in general. Abstrak: Sentuhan budaya hellenistik pada umat Islam sebenarnya sudah nampak signalnya pada perilaku khalifah pertama Bani Umayyah, Mu’āwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān (41-60 H), yang dengan penuh toleran mengangkat pejabat tinggi dan dokter pribadinya dari ilmuan Romawi. Pada waktu itu memang kegiatan penerjemahan buku-buku Yunani-Romawi ke dalam bahasa Arab belum dilakukan, tetapi penyerapan budaya Yunani-Romawi dilakukan dengan jalan pergaulan biasa atau percakapan sehari-hari (interaksi sosial). Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk melacak sejak kapan penyerapan kaum Muslimin terhadap filsafat Yunani-Romawi, sebab ada informasi bahwa mereka sejak abad pertama Hijriyah telah memulai menyalin buku-buku Yunani ke dalam bahasa Arab. Menurut data sejarah, pada zaman Bani Umayyah, yaitu Khalifah Khālid ibn Yazī d telah memerintahkan seorang ilmuan Yunani yang berdomisili di Iskandariyah untuk menerjemahkan buku Organon karya Aristoteles dari bahasa Yunani ke dalam bahasa Arab. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian literer yang membahas tentang proses penyerapan dan motivasi umat Islam mengembangkan filsafat yang diimport dari Yunani-Romawi khususnya, dan belahan dunia lain pada umumnya.Downloads
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