Military and school personnel psychological states amidst the Pandemic: A Kruskal-Wallis comparative analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/jagc.2023.4.2.16478Keywords:
Compassion, burnout, stress, mental health, belas kasih, kelelahan, stres, kesehatan mentalAbstract
Purpose – This study aims to determine the Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Secondary Traumatic Stress among Military and School Personnel.
Method - Quantitative descriptive-comparative research design was used. There are 147 respondents participated in this study.
Result - Compassion Satisfaction levels of Military-Enlisted and Teaching Personnel were Average, while for the Military-Officer and Non-Teaching School Personnel were High; Burnout for the Military-Enlisted and Teaching Personnel were both Average, while the Military-Officer and Non-Teaching School Personnel were both low; and the Secondary Traumatic Stress was Low for the Military-Officer and Average to other three groups of respondents. Significant differences manifested after employing the parametric test MANOVA and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis. Post Hoc test was employed in order to identify the specific significant differences.
Implication – The researchers have identified significant pattern and trends that contribute to the understanding of comparison, personnel who are less often directly exposed to the clients have better Psychological States descriptively.
Originality - This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge in the areas of Compassion, Burnout and Stress experienced by militaries and educators in the conduct of their respective public services.
***
Tujuan - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kepuasan Belas Kasih, Burnout, dan Stres Trauma Sekunder di antara Personel Militer dan Sekolah, serta untuk membandingkan kondisi-kondisi psikologis tersebut.
Metode - Desain penelitian deskriptif-komparatif kuantitatif digunakan. Ada 147 responden yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini.
Hasil - Tingkat Kepuasan Belas Kasih pada Tamtama Militer dan Tenaga Pengajar tergolong sedang, sedangkan pada Perwira Militer dan Tenaga Kependidikan tergolong tinggi; Burnout pada Tamtama Militer dan Tenaga Pengajar tergolong sedang, sedangkan pada Perwira Militer dan Tenaga Kependidikan tergolong rendah; dan Stres Traumatis Sekunder tergolong rendah pada Tamtama Militer dan tergolong sedang pada tiga kelompok responden lainnya. Perbedaan yang signifikan terlihat setelah menggunakan uji parametrik MANOVA dan non parametrik Kruskal-Wallis. Uji Post Hoc digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan signifikan yang spesifik,
Implikasi - Para peneliti telah mengidentifikasi pola dan tren signifikan yang berkontribusi pada pemahaman perbandingan, personel yang lebih jarang terpapar langsung dengan klien memiliki kondisi psikologis yang lebih baik secara deskriptif.
Orisinalitas - Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengetahuan yang sudah ada di bidang Welas Asih, Kelelahan dan Stres yang dialami oleh militer dan pendidik dalam melaksanakan layanan publik masing-masing.
Downloads
References
Africa, M. J., & Aganan, J. (2022). A Correlational Study Among Personal Accomplishment, Occupational Exhaustion, Skepticism, and Self-Efficacy Among Philippine Army Soldiers as COVID-19 Frontliners. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.7242338
Alea, L. A., Fabrea, M. F., Roldan, R. D. A., & Farooqi, A. Z. (2020). Teachers’ Covid-19 Awareness, Distance Learning Education Experiences and Perceptions towards Institutional Readiness and Challenges. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(6), 127–144.
Antonovsky, A., Danon, R., Schiff, M., & Shelef, L. (2022). Predicting mental burnout among Israeli Home Front Command soldiers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Promotion International, 37(2), daab036. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daab036
Berzoff, J., & Kita, E. (2010). Compassion Fatigue and Countertransference: Two Different Concepts. Clinical Social Work Journal, 38(3), 341–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-010-0271-8
Best, N. I., Durham, C. F., Woods-Giscombe, C., & Waldrop, J. (2020). Combating Compassion Fatigue with Mindfulness Practice in Military Nurse Practitioners. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 16(5), e57–e60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.02.023
Cavanagh, N., Cockett, G., Heinrich, C., Doig, L., Fiest, K., Guichon, J. R., Page, S., Mitchell, I., & Doig, C. J. (2020). Compassion fatigue in healthcare providers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nursing Ethics, 27(3), 639–665. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733019889400
Chersich, M. F., Gray, G., Fairlie, L., Eichbaum, Q., Mayhew, S., Allwood, B., English, R., Scorgie, F., Luchters, S., Simpson, G., Haghighi, M. M., Pham, M. D., & Rees, H. (2020). COVID-19 in Africa: Care and protection for frontline healthcare workers. Globalization and Health, 16(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00574-3
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
Cuthrell, K. M., Villamar, M., & Green, T. (2022). ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY TRAUMATIC STRESS AMONG PHYSICIANS. Asian Journal of Advances in Medical Science, 239–253.
DepEd. (2020). June 19, 2020, DO 012, 2020 – Adoption of the Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan for School Year 2020-2021 in the Light of the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency | Department of Education. Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2020/06/19/june-19-2020-do-012-2020-adoption-of-the-basic-education-learning-continuity-plan-for-school-year-2020-2021-in-the-light-of-the-covid-19-public-health-emergency/
Eddy, C. L., Huang, F. L., Cohen, D. R., Baker, K. M., Edwards, K. D., Herman, K. C., & Reinke, W. M. (2020). Does Teacher Emotional Exhaustion and Efficacy Predict Student Discipline Sanctions? School Psychology Review, 49(3), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/2372966X.2020.1733340
Gómez-Domínguez, V., Navarro-Mateu, D., Prado-Gascó, V. J., & Gómez-Domínguez, T. (2022). How Much Do We Care about Teacher Burnout during the Pandemic: A Bibliometric Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7134. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127134
Guo, X., Wu, L., Yu, X., Sun, Z., & Liu, W. (2020). Mental Health Care for Military Personnel in the COVID-19 Epidemic. Military Medicine, usaa127. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa127
Izumi, T., & Shaw, R. (2022). A multi-country comparative analysis of the impact of COVID-19 and natural hazards in India, Japan, the Philippines, and USA. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 73, 102899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102899
Jamovi—Stats. Open. Now. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2021, from https://www.jamovi.org/.
Kalkman, J. P. (2021). Military crisis responses to COVID‐19. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 29(1), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12328
Lakhan, R., Agrawal, A., & Sharma, M. (2020). Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress during COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 11(4), 519–525. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1716442
Liu, Q., Luo, D., Haase, J. E., Guo, Q., Wang, X. Q., Liu, S., Xia, L., Liu, Z., Yang, J., & Yang, B. X. (2020). The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: A qualitative study. The Lancet Global Health, 8(6), e790–e798. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30204-7
Martínez-Cuazitl, A., Martínez-Salazar, I. N., Maza-De La Torre, G., García-Dávila, J. A., Montelongo-Mercado, E. A., García-Ruíz, A., Noyola-Villalobos, H. F., García-Araiza, M. G., Hernández-Díaz, S., Villegas-Tapia, D. L., Cerda-Reyes, E., Chávez-Velasco, A. S., & García-Hernández, J. S. (2022). Burnout Syndrome in a Military Tertiary Hospital Staff during the COVID-19 Contingency. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2229. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042229
Nepomuceno, P. (2020). AFP plays key role in gov’t Covid-19 response: Gapay [Government Website]. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126037
Nijboer, A. A. J., & Van der Cingel, M. C. J. M. (2019). Compassion: Use it or lose it? A study into the perceptions of novice nurses on compassion: A qualitative approach. Nurse Education Today, 72, 84–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.11.006
Ormiston, H. E., Nygaard, M. A., & Apgar, S. (2022). A Systematic Review of Secondary Traumatic Stress and Compassion Fatigue in Teachers. School Mental Health, 14(4), 802–817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-022-09525-2
Praveen. (2020, March 31). Coronavirus in Philippines: The COVID-19 risk, impact and measures. Airport Technology. https://www.airport-technology.com/features/coronavirus-affected-countries-philippines-measures-impact-tourism-economy/
Proclamation No. 922 s. 2020 | GOVPH. (2020, March 8). Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2020/03/08/proclamation-no-922-s-2020/
Relleve, C. C. (2022a). Delving for the Potential Predictors of Psychological Well-being of Public-school Educators and Instructional Leaders through Hierarchical Ordinal Logistic Regression Model. International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, 8(1), 35–39.
Relleve, C. C. (2022b). Exploring the potential predictors of teachers’ Psychological Well-being (PWB) amidst the pandemic. K.I.T.E. Journal, 2(2), 1–12.
Schwartz, C., Meisenhelder, J. B., Ma, Y., & Reed, G. (2003). Altruistic Social Interest Behaviors Are Associated with Better Mental Health. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(5), 778. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PSY.0000079378.39062.D4
Smith, K. N., Lamb, K. N., & Henson, R. K. (2020). Making Meaning out of MANOVA: The Need for Multivariate Post Hoc Testing in Gifted Education Research. Gifted Child Quarterly, 64(1), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0016986219890352
Tee, M. L., Tee, C. A., Anlacan, J. P., Aligam, K. J. G., Reyes, P. W. C., Kuruchittham, V., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.043
Vargas Rubilar, N., & Oros, L. B. (2021). Stress and Burnout in Teachers During Times of Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.756007
WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19—11 March 2020. (2020, March 11). https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the journal as the publisher of the journal. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.