Eksistensi ‘Illat dalam Mengukuhkan Teks Hadis-hadis Ru’yat al-Hilāl dan Fungsinya dalam Pengembangan Hukum Islam

Busyro Busyro

doi:10.21580/ahkam.2018.18.2.2352

Eksistensi ‘Illat dalam Mengukuhkan Teks Hadis-hadis Ru’yat al-Hilāl dan Fungsinya dalam Pengembangan Hukum Islam

* - Fakultas Syariah IAIN Bukittinggi, Indonesia

(*) Corresponding Author

DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2018.18.2.2352

Abstract
References
Licensing
How to cite

Ḥisāb and ru’yat always be warm conversations when there is an early determination of Ramadhan and Shawwal. At that time, there are always two camps of scholars in reacting, the scholars who hold on to ḥisāb (calculating the calendar) on one side, and on the other hand hold to ru’yat al-hilāl (seeing the moon directly). This in turn often leads to time differences in setting the beginning of the month among Muslims. With the aim to unite the people in starting their worship, some scholars try to understand the texts of these traditions about ru’yat al-hilāl by trying to find the 'illat (reason) of the laws of hadiths about ru’yat al-hilāl. Their study of the 'illat law resulted in the conclusion that the ru’yat al-hilāl is only a suitable means for the people that time and may not suitable for Muslims in this modern era. Therefore Muslims must use other wasīlah (means) which further guarantee the realization of the purpose of law, namely modern astronomy. The conclusion of the law from the side of the discovery of ‘illat seems to be less suited to the purpose of ta'līl al-aḥkām, is to establish textual texts in addition to discovering the forms of development of the texts.

Keywords: ‘illat; ru’yat al-hilāl; ilmu ḥisāb

Aini, Shofwatul. “Disparitas Antara Hisab dan Rukyat: Akar Perbedaan dan Kompleksitas Percabangannya.” Muslim Heritage 2, no. 1 (2017): 19–42. https://doi.org/10.21154/muslimheritage.v2i1.1044.
Amin, Muhammad Faishol. “Metode Penentuan Awal Bulan Kamariyah Perspektif Empat Mazhab.” Hayula: Indonesian Journal of Multi¬disciplinary Islamic Studies 2, no. 1 (2018): 17–32. https://doi.org/ 10.21009/hayula.002.1.02.
Amri, Rupi’i. “Hisab Hakiki Wujud al-Hilal sebagai Penentuan Awal Bulan Kamariah ‘Perspektif Historis dan Usul Fikih.’” Tarjih: Jurnal Tarjih dan Pengembangan Pemikiran Islam 13, no. 2 (2016): 125–40. https://jurnal.tarjih.or.id/index.php/tarjih/article/view/105.
al-As’adi, Muhammad Ubaidillāh. al-Mujīz fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Kairo: Dār al Salām, 1990.
Azhari, Susiknan. “Karakteristik Hubungan Muhammadiyah dan NU dalam Menggunakan Hisab dan Rukyat.” al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 44, no. 2 (2006): 453–85. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2006.442.453-485.
al-Bukhāriy, Muḥammad ibn Ismā’īl Abū ‘Abdillah. al-Jāmi’ al-Musnad al-Ṣaḥīḥ al-Mukhtaṣar min Umūr Rasūlillāh saw wa Sunanuh wa Ayyāmuh. Damaskus: Dār Ṭawq al-Najāh, 1422.
Fazlurrahman. Membuka Pintu Ijtihad. Terj. Anas Mahyidin. Bandung: Pustaka, 1995.
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥamīd Muḥammad bin Aḥmad. al-Mustaṣfā min’ Ilm al-Uṣūl. Qum: Intiṣārat Dār al-Dhakhā’ir, 1368.
al-Harāniy, Taqiy al-Dīn Abū al-’Abbās Aḥmad ibn ’Abd al-Ḥalīm ibn Taimiyyah. Majmū’ al-Fatāwa. Madinah: Majma’ al-Mulk, 1995.
Imron, Ali. “Pemaknaan Hadis-hadis Hisab-Rukyat Muhammadiyah dan Kontroversi yang Melingkupinya.” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu al-Qur’an dan Hadis 15, no. 1 (2014): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.14421/QH.2014.%X.
Khalāf, ’Abd al-Wahhāb. ‘Ilm Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Kairo: Dār al-Qalam, 1978.
Khīn, Muṣṭafā Sa’īd. Athar al-Ikhtilāf fi al-Qawā’id al-Uṣūliyyah fi Ikhtilāf al-Fuqahā’. Kairo: Muassasah al Risālah, n.d.
Musonnif, Ahmad. “Kritik Ideologis Metode Hisab dan Rukyat (Menyingkap Fungsi Ideologis Term Ummi dalam Penetapan Awal Bulan Islam).” Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Islam 3, no. 1 (2015): 19–40. https://doi.org/ 10.21274/ahkam.2015.3.1.19-40.
al-Nadwi, ’Ali Aḥmad. al-Qawā’id al-Fiqhiyyah. Damaskus: Dār al-Qalam, 1994.
al-Nasā’i, Abū Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Shu’ayb. Sunan al-Nasā’iy. Mesir: Muṣṭafā al-Bābi al Halabi wa Awlādih, 1964.
al-Naisabūriy, Muslim ibn Ḥajjâj Abū Yūsuf al-Qushayriy. al-Musnad al-Ṣaḥīḥ al-Mukhtaṣar bi Naql al-‘Adl Ilā Rasūlillāh saw. Beirut: Dār al-Ihyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabiy, n.d.
Nuruddin, Amiur. Ijtihad ’Umar Ibn al-Khaththab: Studi tentang Perubahan Hukum dalam Islam. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 1987.
al-Qarḍāwi, Yūsuf. Min Hadyi al-Islām Fatāwa Mu’āshirah. 3rd ed. Manṣūrah: Dār al-Wafā` al-Ṭabā’ah wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzī, 1994.
al-Qarḍāwi, Yūsuf. Taisīr al-Fiqh Fi Dhau' al-Qur’ān wa al-Sunnah Fiqh al-Ṣiyām. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risālah, 1993.
al-Qurṭubi, Abū ’Umar Yūsuf ibn ’Abdillāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ’Abd al-Barr ibn ’Āṣim al-Namīriy. Jāmi’ Bayān al-’Ilm wa Faḍlih. Saudi: Dār Ibn al-Jauziy, 1994.
Sado, Arino Bemi. “Analisis Fatwa MUI No. 2 Tahun 2004 tentang Penetapan Awal Ramadhan, Syawal, dan Zulhijjah dengan Pendekatan Hermeneutika Schleiermacher.” Istinbath Jurnal Hukum Islam 14, no. 1 (2015): 64–84.
Sha’bān, Zakīy al-Dīn. Uṣūl al-Fiqh al-Islāmīy. 3rd ed. Kairo: Dār al-Ta`līf, 1964.
Sha’labi, Muḥammad Muṣṭafâ. Uṣūl al-Fiqh al-Islāmīy. Beirut: Dār al-Nahḍah al-Arabiyyah, 1986.
al-Shāṭibiy, Abū Isḥāq al-Shāṭibiy Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsā al-Lakhmi al-Gharnaṭi Abū Isḥāq. Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Sharī’ah. Mesir: Maktabah al-Tijāriyah al-Kubrā, n.d.
Siregar, Ahmad Yunan. “Metode Hisab dalam Rangka Menyelesaikan Perbedaan Puasa Arafah Antara Indonesia dengan Arab Saudi: Telaah Atas Pemikiran Profesor Syamsul Anwar.” At-Tafahum: Journal of Islamic Law 1, no. 1 (2017): 18–32. http://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/ attafahum/article/view/665.
al-Subki, Taj al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb ibn ‘Ali. Jam’u al-Jawāmi’ fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 2003.
al-Ṭūfī, Najm al-Dīn. Risālah fī Ri’āyah al-Maṣlaḥah. Mesir: Maktabah al-Miṣriyyah li al-Banīn, 1993.
Wafā’, Muḥammad. Dilālāt al-Kitāb al-Shar’i ‘alā ’l Ḥukm (al-Manṭūq wa ’l-Mafhūm). Kairo: Dār al-Ṭabā’ah al Muḥammadiyyah, 1984.
Wahid, Abdurarrahman. Hukum Islam di Indonesia: Pemikiran dan Praktek. Ed. Tjun Surjaman. Bandung: Rosdakarya, 1991.
Yacob, Faisal Yahya, dan Faisal Ahmad Shah. “Metode Penentuan Awal Ramadhan dan Hari Raya Menurut Ulama Dayah Aceh.” Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 16, no. 1 (2016): 9–31. https://doi.org/10.22373/ jiif.v16i1.741.
Zahrah, Muḥammad Abū. Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arabiy, n.d.
Zaidān, ‘Abd al-Karīm. al-Wajīz fi Uṣūl Al-Fiqh. Baghdād: Dār al-Arabiyyah, 1977.
Zaman, Qomarus. “Memahami Makna Hilal Menurut Tafsir al-Qur’an dan Sains.” Universum: Jurnal Keislaman dan Kebudayaan 9, no. 1 (2015): 103–15. http://jurnal.iainkediri.ac.id/index.php/universum/article/ view/78.