Narrative discourse of the Israel-Palestine issue in the framework of political communication: A comparative study of Kompas.id and BBC media
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/icj.2024.9.2.25055Keywords:
Israel-Palestine conflict, BBC, Kompas.id, content analysisAbstract
The Israel-Palestine conflict remains one of the most persistent and contentious geopolitical issues in the Middle East, with no clear resolution in sight. As a result, the conflict has become a focal point for media coverage, with various outlets striving to present objective and neutral reporting. However, it is important to recognize that the media is not free from bias, as each outlet carries its own perspective shaped by political, cultural, and economic factors. This study aims to investigate how Kompas.id and BBC News report on the Israel-Palestine conflict, particularly focusing on the events that occurred in October and November. By employing a critical content analysis approach, the study examines several articles published by both Kompas.id and BBC. The findings indicate that while both media outlets cover the same conflict, they offer differing perspectives and agendas. These differences may lead to varying interpretations of the conflict among readers, potentially influencing public opinion and fostering bias toward one side. The analysis highlights the role of media in shaping political narratives and the importance of critical media consumption. To gain a more well-rounded understanding of the conflict, it is essential for readers to consult diverse sources, including those with contrasting viewpoints.
*****
Konflik Israel-Palestina masih menjadi salah satu masalah geopolitik yang paling persisten dan kontroversial di Timur Tengah, dan belum ada penyelesaian yang jelas. Akibatnya, konflik tersebut menjadi titik fokus pemberitaan media, dan berbagai media berupaya menyajikan pemberitaan yang obyektif dan netral. Namun, penting untuk menyadari bahwa media tidak bebas dari bias, karena setiap media mempunyai perspektifnya sendiri yang dibentuk oleh faktor politik, budaya, dan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Kompas.id dan BBC News memberitakan konflik Israel-Palestina, khususnya dengan fokus pada peristiwa yang terjadi pada bulan Oktober dan November. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis konten kritis, penelitian ini mengkaji beberapa artikel yang diterbitkan oleh Kompas.id dan BBC. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kedua media tersebut meliput konflik yang sama, keduanya menawarkan perspektif dan agenda yang berbeda. Perbedaan-perbedaan ini dapat menyebabkan beragamnya penafsiran konflik di kalangan pembaca, sehingga berpotensi mempengaruhi opini publik dan menumbuhkan bias ke satu pihak. Analisis ini menyoroti peran media dalam membentuk narasi politik dan pentingnya konsumsi media yang kritis. Untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih menyeluruh mengenai konflik ini, penting bagi pembaca untuk berkonsultasi dengan berbagai sumber, termasuk sumber-sumber yang memiliki sudut pandang berbeda.
Downloads
References
Adem, S. H., & Adem, S. H. (2019). Historical and political background of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Palestine and the International Criminal Court, 11-48.
Al Jazeera. (2023, October 7). Hamas says October 7 attack was a ‘necessary step’, admits to ‘some faults.’ https://Www.Aljazeera.Com/News/2024/1/21/hamas-says-october-7-attack-was-a-necessary-step-admits-to-some-faults.
Attar, D., & King, G. (2023). Media framing of the Intifada of the Knives. Media, War & Conflict, 16(4), 563–581. https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352221149554.
Aulia, L. (2023, November 15). Israel serbu Rumah Sakit Al-Shifa. Kompas.id. https://www.Kompas.id/baca/internasional/2023/11/15/israel-serbu-rumah-sakit-al-shifa.
Baden, C., & Tenenboim-Weinblatt, K. (2017). Convergent news? A longitudinal study of similarity and dissimilarity in the domestic and global coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Journal of Communication, 67(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12272.
Baron, D. P. (2005). Persistent media bias. Journal of Public Economics, 90(1–2), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.10.006.
Bhowmik, S., & Fisher, J. (2023). Framing the Israel-Palestine conflict 2021: Investigation of CNN’s coverage from a peace journalism perspective. Media, Culture & Society, 45(5), 1019–1035. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437231154766.
Damanhoury, K. El, & Saleh, F. (2024). Mediated clash of civilizations: Examining the proximity-visual framing nexus in Al Jazeera Arabic and Fox News’ coverage of the 2021 Gaza War. Digital Journalism, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2024.2332614.
Daoudi, M. S. D., & Barakat, Z. M. (2013). Israelis and Palestinians: Contested narratives. Israel Studies, 18(2), 53–69. https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.18.2.53.
Doufesh, B., & Briel, H. (2021). A multimodal framing analysis of the 2018 Gaza protests in the times of Israel and Al Jazeera (September 30, 2021). International Journal of Communication 2021, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3934684. International Journal of Communication, 15, 4230–4251.
Dwiastuti, I. (2021). The roots of Israel-Palestine conflict: A political culture analysis. AEGIS: Journal of International Relations, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.33021/aegis.v4i2.796.
Elmasry, M. H. (2024). Images of the Israel-Gaza war on Instagram: A content analysis of Western broadcast news posts. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990241287155
Evans, M. (2016). Information dissemination in new media: YouTube and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Media, War & Conflict, 9(3), 325–343. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635216643113.
Eveland, W. P., & Shah, D. V. (2003). The impact of individual and interpersonal factors on perceived news media bias. Political Psychology, 24(1), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00318.
Friedman, E., & Herfroy-Mischler, A. (2020). The media framing of blame agency in asymmetric conflict: Who is blaming whom for the 2014 Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations failure? Journalism Studies, 21(13), 1873–1892. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2020.1797526.
Gentzkow, M., & Shapiro, J. M. (2010). What drives media slant? Evidence from U.S. Daily Newspapers. Econometrica, 78(1), 35–71. https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA7195.
Gold, D. (2015). The politics of emotion: A case study of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Israel Studies Review, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.3167/isr.2015.300207.
Graneheim, U. H., Lindgren, B.-M., & Lundman, B. (2017). Methodological challenges in qualitative content analysis: A discussion paper. Nurse Education Today, 56, 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2017.06.002.
Gritten, B. D. (2023, October 18). Hospital blast in Gaza City kills hundreds - health officials. https://www.BBC.com/news/world-middle-east-67140250.
Han, E., & Rane, H. (2011). Australian press and public opinion on the Israel-Palestine conflict. Media International Australia, 141(1), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X1114100108
Hancock, B. S. (2023, November 15). Al-Shifa: What we know about Israel’s raid on Gaza’s main hospital. https://www.BBC.com/news/world-middle-east-67424064
Hashish, Y. Y. A., Ismail, A. A., & Abusaada, H. A. (2023). BBC coverage of the aggression on Gaza 2021: Critical discourse analysis of Arabic and English versions. Komunikator, 15(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.18196/Jim.18508.
Jungblut, M., & Zakareviciute, I. (2019). Do pictures tell a different story? A multimodal frame analysis of the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict. Journalism Practice, 13(2), 206–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1412804.
Karniel, Y., Lavie-Dinur, A., & Samuel Azran, T. (2017). Professional or personal framing? International media coverage of the Israel–Hamas prisoner exchange deal. Media, War & Conflict, 10(1), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635216658717.
Kleinheksel, A. J., Rockich-Winston, N., Tawfik, H., & Wyatt, T. R. (2020). Demystifying content analysis. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 84(1), 7113. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7113.
Knell, Y. (2023, October 7). Hamas attack shocks Israel, but what comes next? https://www.BBC.Com/News/World-Middle-East-67043563.
Lopatin, E., Samuel-Azran, T., & Galily, Y. (2017). A clash-of-civilizations prism in German media? Documenting a shift from political to religious framing of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Communication and the Public, 2(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/2057047316689795.
Macnamara, J. R. (2005). Media content analysis: Its uses, benefits and best practice methodology. Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, 6(1), 1–34.
Muhammad, M. (2023, October 8). Bagaimana Hamas membobol Israel? Kompas.id. https://www.kompas.id/baca/internasional/2023/10/08/bagaimana-hamas-membobol-israel.
Muqsith, M. A., Kuswanti, A., Pratomo, R. R., & Muzykant, V. L. (2021). Trump's Twitter propaganda during COVID-19. Journal The Messenger, 13(3), 223-237.
Muqsith, M. A. (2022). Pesan politik di media sosial Twitter. Jakad Media Publishing.
Muqsith, M. A., Pratomo, R. R., & Muzykant, V. L. (2024). Indonesian agenda: Fake news about Russia’s special military operation on social media in Indonesia. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, 24(2), 239-251.
Neureiter, M. (2017). Sources of media bias in coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict: the 2010 Gaza flotilla raid in German, British, and US newspapers. Israel Affairs, 23(1), 66–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2016.1244381.
Putra, A. (2023). Peran buzzer politik dalam dinamika jelang pemilu tahun 2024. Salam: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i, 10(4), 1143-1158.
Putra, A., & Irwansyah, I. (2020). Orkestrasi buzzer melalui media sosial microblogging dalam kampanye penanganan virus COVID-19. Jurnal Riset Komunikasi, 3(2), 269-289.
Ramadani, Mutiara. S., Khaerudin Kurniawan, & Ahmad Fuadin. (2024). Menguak bias media dalam pemberitaan perang Israel-Palestina: Sebuah analisis konten kritis. Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, dan Sastra, 10(1), 887–905. https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v10i1.3392.
Ramadani, Mutiara. S., Kurniawan, K., & Fuadin, A. (2024). Menguak bias media dalam pemberitaan perang Israel-Palestina: Sebuah analisis konten kritis. Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, dan Sastra, 10(1), 887–905. https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v10i1.3392.
Sakti, R. E. (2023, November 7). Gelombang demonstrasi dunia dan upaya mewujudkan perdamaian di Gaza. Kompas.id. https://www.Kompas.id/baca/riset/2023/11/08/gelombang-demonstrasi-dunia-dan-upaya-mewujudkan-perdamaian-gaza.
Sarwar, H., Malhi, A. T., & Naz, I. (2023). Representation of Israel and Palestine issue in international media: An analysis of BBC and Al-Jazeera coverage in 2022. Annals of Human and Social Science, 4(3), 375–381.
Sarwindaningrum, I. (2023, October 18). Serangan atas RS Al-Ahli, Israel, Hamas dan Jihad Islam saling tuding. Kompas.id. https://www.Kompas.id/baca/internasional/2023/10/18/israel-hamas-dan-jihad-islam-saling-tuding-serangan-mematikan-ke-rs-gaza.
Suwarno, S., & Sahayu, W. (2020). Palestine and Israel representation in the national and international news media: A critical discourse study. Jurnal Humaniora, 32(3), 217. https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.52911.
Tasseron, M. (2023). Reporting under the microscope in Israel-Palestine and South Africa. Journalism Practice, 17(5), 970–990. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.1966643.
Thomas, L. (2011). Reconstructions of “reality”? The coverage of the Gaza withdrawal in the British media. Journalism Studies, 12(4), 522–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2011.571818.
Thomas, R. J., & Hindman, E. B. (2012). ‘People will die because of the BBC’: British newspaper reaction to the BBC Gaza appeal decision. Journalism, 13(5), 572–588. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884911431539.
Topping, A., & Davies, C. (2023, October 16). BBC gets 1,500 complaints over Israel-Hamas coverage, split 50-50 on each side. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2023/oct/16/BBC-gets-1500-complaints-over-israel-hamas-coverage-split-50-50-on-each-side.
Ukk, I. T. I., & Bui, D. A. L. (2019). How Indonesian’s online news papers report the conflict between Palestine and Israel—A case of Republika.co.id and Kompas.com. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 07(05), 290–331. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2019.75025.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2024-12-30 (2)
- 2024-12-27 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the journal as the publisher of the journal. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles. Therefore, the author must submit a statement of the Copyright Transfer Agreement.*)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
In line with the license, authors and third parties (readers, researchers, and others) are allowed to share and adapt the material only for non-commercial purposes. In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicated if changes were made. If authors and third parties (readers, researchers, and others) remix, transform or build upon the material, they must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original.
*) Authors whose articles are accepted for publication will receive confirmation via email to send a Copyright Transfer Agreement.
