SEJARAH HUKUM KONSTITUSI MADINAH NABI MUHAMMAD SAW

Ahmad Zayyadi*  -  , Indonesia

(*) Corresponding Author
DOI: 10.21580/wa.v15i1.531

Abstract

This work is of the historical discourse about the constitution Medina of law with the Medina Charter of The Prophet Muhammad as the content analysis and tends to find out moral massages, values, and principles therein to be implemented for the development of highly-plural Indonesian people. The history of the establishment of the Medina Law is closely related to the discourse about the charter of Medina which is still relevant to speak about. To sharpen the analysis of this work, I quote words from both western scholars and moslem ones and then understand them in the context of social life of the citizens of Indoenesia, especially in resolving social conflicts among peoples and ethnics. In additions, it may be suggested to be a resolution of religious conflicts at local, regional, and international levels. This work has, of course, relevance for the values in the Medina charter as a principle of the establishment of law-based nation are very important to be applicable in Indonesia. The human right, the unity of citizens, religion-based community, the protection for the minority, the politic of peace, etc. are fundamental basic of the values of civilization once practiced by the Prophet Muhammad through the charter of Medina as the fondation of the state law.

Key words: history, state law, the Medina constitution, ummah, the charter of Medina.

  1. References
  2. Abdul Baqi, Muhammad Fu’ad. Mu’jam Mufahras li al-Fāẓ al-Qur’ān, (Mesir: Dār al-Fikr, 1981).
  3. Ahmad, Zaenal Abidin. Piagam Nabi Muhammad SAW, (Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1973).
  4. Al-Banna, Jamal. Al-Islām Dīn Wa Ummah Laisa Dīnan Wa Daulatan, (Kairo, Dar Al-Fikr al-Islami, 2003, sudah diterjemahkan dalam versi Indonesia, Runtuhnya Negara Madinah, Islam Kemasyarakatan dan Islam Kenegaraan, Alih Bahasa: Jamadi Sunardi dan Abdul Mufid, (Yogyakarta: Pilar Merdia, 2003).
  5. Al-Maraghi, Musthafa. Tafsrīr al-Marāghī, Juz I, (Mesir, Dār al-Fikr, 1976).
  6. Arief, Abd. Salam. Konsep Ummah dalam Piagam Madinah, dalam Jurnal Al-jamiah No. 50. Tahun 1992.
  7. ______________. Piagam Madinah Sebagai Konstitusi Menjadi Landasan Kehidupan Bermasyarakat, Jurnal Ulama, Vol. III, No. 1, 2010.
  8. Bashier, Zakaria. Sunshine at Madinah: Studies In The Life of Prophet Muhammed, (Washington: The Islamic Foundation, t.t).
  9. Diya al-Umari, Akram. dalam, Madinan Society at The Time of The Prophet, (Herndon, International Islamic Publishing House and The International Institute of Islamic Thought, t.t.).
  10. Esposito, John L. Islam Warna Warni Ragam Ekspresi Menuju “Jalan Lurus” (aṣ-ṣirāṭ al-Mustaqīm), Alih Bahasa: Arif Maftuhin, (Jakarta: Paramadina, 2004).
  11. Fatkhan, M. Piagam Madinah (Konstitusi Pertama Negara Muslim), dalam Jurnal Eksploria, No. 1, Vol. VII, 2009.
  12. Gibb, H. A. R. Mohammedanism an Historical Sovey, (London: Oxford University Press, 1949).
  13. Hisyam, Ibnu. Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah, Juz II (Kairo: Bab al-halabī, 1955).
  14. Ishaq, Ibnu. Sīrah al-Rasūl, Juz II, (Kairo, t.tp., t.t).
  15. Jalal asy-Syarf Muhammad dan Mu’thi, Ali Abdul. al-Fkr as-Siyāsī fī al-Islām Syakhṣiyyāt wa al-Madzāhib, (Mesir: Dār al-Jamā’āt al-Miṣriyyah, 1978).
  16. Karim, M. Abdul. Sejarah Pemikiran dan Peradaban Islam, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Book Pulisher, Cet. KE-2, 2009).
  17. Lampiran Piagam Madinah dan Susunan Babnya (Ibnu Hisyam, Wustenfeld, 342; Watt, Medina, hlm. 22-5 dalam Aksin Wijaya, Hidup Beragama Dalam Sorotan UUD 1945 dan Piagam Madinah, (Ponorogo: STAIN Ponorogo Press, 2009).
  18. Macdonald, D. B. Developement of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence, and Constitution Theory, (New York: New York Press, 1993).
  19. Muhammad Arief, Nasr. al-Hadhārah, al-tsaqāfah, al-Madāniyyah: Dirāsat li Sīrat al-Muṣṭalāh Wa Dalālat al-Mafhūm, (Herndon USA:The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1994).
  20. Nasution, Harun. Islam Ditinjau dari Berbagai Aspeksnya, Jilid I, (Jakarta: UI Press, 1986).
  21. Pulungan, Suyuthi. Fiqh Siyasah: Ajaran, Sejarah, dan Pemikiran, (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, Cet. Ke-5, 2002).
  22. _______________. Prinsip-prinsip Pemerintahan dalam Piagam Madinah Ditinjau Dari Pandangan Al-Qur’an, (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 1996).
  23. Rahman, Hannah. “Pertentangan Antara Nabi dan Golongan Oposisi di Madinah”, dalam Jurnal INIS (Indonesian Netherlands Cooperation in Islamic Studies), Pandangan Barat Terhadap Islam Lama, 1989, Jilid 4.
  24. S. Karni, Asrori. Civil Society dan Ummah Sintesa Diskursif “Rumah Demokrasi”, (Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu, 1999).
  25. Sjazali, Munawir. Islam dan Tata Negara Ajaran, Sejarah dan Pemikiran, (Jakarta: UII Press, 1990).
  26. The unregisteredhttp://arrosyadi.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/piagam-madinah-dan-konsep-ummah.pdf version of Win2PDF is for evaluation or non-commercial use only. Diakses Tanggal 2 Januari 2013.
  27. W. Arnold, Thomas. The Chalipete, (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul LTD, 1965).
  28. Watt, W. Montgomery. Islamic Pilitical Thought, (Ediburg: Ediburg University Press, 1968).
  29. __________________. Mohammad at Madinah, (London: Oxford University Press, 1956).
  30. __________________. Muhammad Prophet and Statesman, (London: Oxford University Press, 1969).
  31. Wijaya, Aksin. Hidup Beragama Dalam Sorotan UUD 1945 dan Piagam Madinah, (Ponorogo: STAIN Ponorogo Press, 2009).
  32. Zaman, Kamarauz. Relasi Islam dan Negara Perspektif Modernis dan Fundamentalis, (Magelang: Indonesiatera, 2001).

Open Access Copyright (c) 2016 Wahana Akademika: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial

Lisensi Creative Commons
Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional

View My Stats
apps