Muhammadiyah and Civil Society: Critical Network, Patterns of Criticism, and Challenges

Ozi Setiadi*  -  Islamic Political Thought Study Program, Faculty of Islamic Da'wa and Communication, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus, Kudus, Indonesia

(*) Corresponding Author

Muhammadiyah is an Islamic organization that aims to form a charitable civil society and has a productive and independent network from the state. Muhammadiyah carries out a critical function in carrying out checks and balances for the state. This is done by using the criticality network. This study discusses critical networks, patterns of spreading criticism, and challenges for Muhammadiyah. This research is library research with a qualitative approach. The data collection technique used is a literature study, which is strengthened by interviews with related elements. The results of this study indicate that Muhammadiyah's critical network is divided into two, namely formal and non-formal networks. The pattern of spreading criticism is in the form of a pyramid. Nevertheless, Muhammadiyah faces challenges such as the exclusivity of thought, accommodation to “progressive” institutions affiliated with Muhammadiyah, and debates over concepts that are generally born from the womb of Western thought. This research shows that Muhammadiyah as civil society has a productive network to carry out checks and balances to the state. As a developing civil society, it still has challenges to overcome.

Keywords: civil society; Muhammadiyah; critical network

  1. Alfian. (2010). Politik Kaum Modernis: Perlawanan Muhammadiyah terhadap Kolonialisme Belanda (M. Husein (trans.)). Al-Wasath Publishing House.
  2. Azra, A. (2004). Menuju Masyarakat Madani: Gagasan, Fakta, dan Tantangan. Remaja Rosyda Karya.
  3. Azra, A. (2020, April 30). Wabah Corona dan Masyarakat Sipil. Republika.co.id. https://www.republika.co.id/berita/q9jyp3318/wabah-corona-dan-masyarakat-sipil
  4. Badan Pusat Statistik. (2015). Proyeksi Penduduk Indonesia 2015-2045 Hasil SUPAS 2015. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2018/10/19/78d24d9020026ad95c6b5965/proyeksi-penduduk-indonesia-2015-2045-hasil-supas-2015.html
  5. Baidhawy, Z. (2015). The Muhammadiyah’s Promotion of Moderation. American Journal of Islam and Society, 32(3), 69–91. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v32i3.271
  6. Burhani, A. N. (2014, November 14). Absennya Muhammadiyah. Dikti Litbang Muhammadiyah. https://diktilitbangmuhammadiyah.org/id/absennya-muhammadiyah/
  7. Castells, M. (2008). The New Public Sphere: Global Civil Society, Communication Networks, and Global Governance. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 78–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207311877
  8. Fanani, A. F. (2015). Muhammadiyah, Politik Alokatif, dan Politik Kebangsaan. In Islam Berkemajuan untuk Peradaban Dunia: Refleksi dan Agenda Muhammadiyah ke Depan (pp. 187–220). Mizan Pustaka.
  9. Fitria, V., & Sutrisnowati, S. A. (2013). Civil Society, Konsep Ummah dan Masyarakat Madani. Humanika, 13(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v13i1.3199
  10. Graham, G. (2013). Adam Ferguson as a Moral Philosopher. Philosophy, 88(4), 511–525. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031819113000570
  11. Haq, F. R. U. (2015, July 29). Muhammadiyah Pasca Din Syamsuddin. Detiknews. https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-2978534/muhammadiyah-pasca-din-syamsuddin
  12. Hikam, M. A. S. (2000). Islam, Demokratisasi, dan Pemberdayaan Civil Society. Erlangga.
  13. Jb, M. C., & Darmawan, L. (2016). Wacana Civil Society (Masyarakat Madani) di Indonesia. Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif, 10(2), 35–64. https://doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v10i2.1157
  14. Jenuri, J. (2016). Pembaharuan Pendidikan Islam di Sekolah Dasar menuju Masyarakat Madani. EduHumaniora: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.17509/eh.v1i2.2732
  15. Jung, E. (2014). Islamic Organizations and Electoral Politics in Indonesia: The Case of Muhammadiyah. South East Asia Research, 22(1), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.5367/sear.2014.0192
  16. Kamil, S. (2013). Pemikiran Politik Islam Tematik: Agama dan Negara, Demokrasi, Civil Society, Syariah dan HAM, Fundamentalisme, dan Antikorupsi. Kencana.
  17. Kastrati, A. (2016). Civil Society from Historical to Contemporary Perspectives. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(1), 64–68. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i1.p64-68
  18. Kenny, M. (2016). Civil Society. In Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/civil-society
  19. Mead, E. D. (1882). Hegel’s Philosophy of the State. The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 16(1), 71–84. htttps://www.jstor.org/stable/25667892
  20. O’Leary, B. (1997). On the Nature of Nationalism: An Appraisal of Ernest Gellner’s Writings on Nationalism. British Journal of Political Science, 27(2), S0007123497000112. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123497000112
  21. PP Muhammadiyah. (2010). Berita Resmi Muhammadiyah: Tanfidz Keputusan Muktamar Satu Abad Muhammadiyah (Muktamar Muhammadiyah ke-46). Surya Sarana Grafika.
  22. PP Muhammadiyah. (2015). Berita Resmi Muhammadiyah: Tanfidz Keputusan Muktamar Muhammadiyah ke-47. Gramasurya.
  23. Rahardjo, M. D. (2010). Mengkaji Ulang Muhammadiyah sebagai Organisasi Islam Berorientasi Pembaruan. In Satu Abad Muhammadiyah: Mengkaji Ulang Arah Pembaruan (pp. 2–16). Paramadina & LSAF.
  24. Rosyada, D., Ubaidillah, A., Razak, A., Sayuti, W., & Salim, M. A. (2000). Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (Civil Education): Demokrasi, Hak Asasi Manusia dan Masyarakat Madani. Prenada Media.
  25. Setiadi, O. (2013). Islam dan Civil Society: Pergerakan Hizmet di Indonesia sebagai Tipologi Civil Society Budaya. Impressa.
  26. Spurk, C. (2015). Understanding Civil Society-History, debates, and contemporary approaches. In T. Paffenholz (Ed.), Civil Society and Peacebuilding: A Critical Assessment. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  27. Suhelmi, A. (2004). Pemikiran Politik Barat: Kajian Sejarah Per-kembangan Pemikiran Negara, Masyarakat, dan Kekuasaan. Gramedia Pustaka.
  28. Wibowo, I. (2011). Negara dan Bandit Demokrasi. Kompas Media Nusantara.

Open Access Copyright (c) 2021 Ozi Setiadi
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Publisher:
Institute for Research and Community Services (LP2M)
Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Rectorate Building, 3rd Floor
Jl. Prof. Hamka - Kampus 3, Tambakaji Ngaliyan 50185, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
Email: walisongo@walisongo.ac.id

 

 
apps