UNITY OF SCIENCES ACCORDING TO AL-GHAZALI
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The dichotomy of sciences caused both the positive and negative effects for development of civilizations; such as poverty, economic colonialism and dehumanization. Therefore, the unity of sciences is an interesting and important to be discussed for developing a new and prosperous civilization. This paper discussed the unity of sciences according to Imam al-Ghazali (d. 1111) and its urgency to the issue of human life. For al-Ghazali, science must be unified in the aspects of ontology, epistemology, and axiology. These three aspects of knowledge united in one entity; such as three angles in a triangle. From the pespective of ontology, knowledge comes from God and cannot be separated from God, so all sciences are commendable. Epistemologically, the nature of science is the light coming from the illumination light of God. Science can be obtained by optimizing the function of reason and through revelation or inspiration. The validity of science is depended on how and sources used to obtain it. Knowledge is not for knowledge, but knowledge for human prosperity. To realize the concept of the unity of sciences it is needed a hard work, patience and many-stage processes; namely equal treatment on scientific and religious knowledge, dialogue, integration and interconnection between science and the end is the unity of sciences..
Downloads
Article Details
Copyright and Licensing
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. In line with the license, authors and users (readers, etc.) are allowed to share and adapt the material. In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicated if changes were made. If authors remix, transform or build upon the material, authors must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original.
References
al-Attas, Syed Muhammad Naquib, Islam and Secularism, Kuala Lumpur: ISTAC, 1933.
Asy’ari, Musa. Filsafat Islam Kajian Ontologis, Epistemologis dan Aksiologis dan Perspektif (Philosophyof Islam: Ontological, Epistemological and Axiological Study and Perspective), Yogyakarta: LESFI, 1992.
Chittick, C. William, The Sufi Path of Knowledge, New York: State University of New York Press, 1989.
Fakhry, Majid, a History of Islamic Philosophy, New York: Columbia University, 1987.
al-Faruqi, Ismail Raji. Islamisasi Pengetahuan (Islamization of Science), translated by Anas Mahyuddin, Bandung: Pustaka, 1984.
Galison, P., The Americanization of Unity of Science, in Deadalus 127, Winter 1998.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad, Mishkāt al-Anwār wa Maṣafāt al-Asrār (Lantern of Light and Secrets Refinary), Beirut: ‘Alam al-Kutub, 1986.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad, Ihya’ Ulum al-Din (Living of Islamic Science), Vol. I, II, III & IV, Semarang: Thoha Putra, , n.d.,
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad, al-Munqidh min ’l-Ḍalāl (The Rescuers from Straying), Mesir: Ali Shabih wa Auladuh, 1952.
Garber, D., Descartes’ Metaphysical Physics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
Gaukroger, S., Descartes’ System of Natural Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press , 2002.
Ha’iry Yazdi, Mehdi, Ilmu Hudhuri: Prinsip Epistemologi dalam Filsafat Islam (Science of Presence: Principle of Epistemolgy in Islamic Philosophy). Bandung: Mizan, n.d.
Hamdi, Ahmad Zainul, Tujuh Filosof Muslim: Pembuka Pintu Gerbang Filsafat Barat dan Moderen (Seven of Islamic Philosophers: The Gate Opener of Western and Modern Philosophy) Yogyakarta: LKiS Pelangi Aksara, 2004.
Ibn Sina, Abu Ali, Kitāb al-Ishārāt wa al-Tanbīhāt (The Book of Signs and Warnings), Kairo: n.p., 1960.
Ibn Sina, Abu Ali, Aḥwāl al-Nafs (The Conditions of Ego), translated by M.S Nasrullah, Bandung: Pustaka Hidayah, 2009.
Kitcher, P., “Projecting the Order of Nature” in Kant’s Philosophy of Physical Science, R.E. Butts (eds.), Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1986.
Mufid, Fathul, “Epistemologi Mulla Sadra: Kajian tentang Ilmu Husuli dan Ilmu Huduri” (Epistemology of Mulla Sadra: A Study of Science of Husuli and Huduri), Dissertation, Program Pascasarjana IAIN Walisongo Semarang, 2012.
The Metaphysics Research Lab., “The Unity of Science,” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford: Stanford University, Vol. III, 2014.
Sadra, Mulla, Mafātiḥ al-Ghayb (The Keys of Supernatural), Teheran: Academy of Philosophy, 1984.
Sadra, Mulla, al-Madhāhir al-Ilāhiyyah (The Phenomena of God), Qumm.: Maktab al-‘Alam al-Islami, 1377 H.
Sadra, Mulla, Iksīr al-‘ārifīn (The Elixir of the Gnostics), Tokyo: Jami’ah Tokyo, 1984.
Wahyudi, Imam, Pengantar Epistemologi (Introduction to Epistemology), Yogyakarta: LIMA, 2007.
Wood, A. and S.S. Hahn, The Cambridge History of Philosophy in Nineteenth Century (1790-1870), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011
Zaenuddin, M., “Paradigma Pendidikan Islam Holistik” (Paradigm of Holistic Islamic Education)” in Jurnal Ulumuna, Vol. XV, No. 1, 2011.