Paguyuban Sumarah and Interrituality: An Enquiry to The Practice of Interreligious Ritual Participation in Sujud Sumarah

Abdullah Muslich Rizal Maulana*    -  Faculty of Ushuluddin, Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia
Muttaqin Muttaqin    -  Faculty of Ushuluddin, Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia
Alif Nur Fitriyani  -  Faculty of Ushuluddin, Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia

(*) Corresponding Author
DOI: 10.21580/ws.29.1.7364

Paguyuban Sumarah is one well-known aliran kepercayaan in Indonesia existed since the 1930s. The group practised Sujud Sumarah as the most essential ritual attended by the whole member of organizations from multiple religious backgrounds and identities, gathering them in a venue of interreligious ritual participation. This paper will discuss the aspect of interrituality in Sujud Sumarah, considering it is practised by multi-religious believers through the discourse-analysis method following the framework of interrituality offered by Moyaert, an interreligious scholar from Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. This research concludes that it is acceptable to define the implementation of Sujud Sumarah as an interreligious ritual participation, yet it could not explicitly be categorized as ‘inner-facing’ or ‘outer-facing’ interrituality as it was classified by Moyaert. This paper also demonstrated, in general, the fundamental system of belief of Sumarah was derived from syncretism and transcendent unity of religions, leading the discussion to be possibly elaborated further in the study of interreligious relations.

Keywords: interrituality; interreligious ritual; Paguyuban Sumarah; Sujud Sumarah

  1. Arimbawa, I. K. S. (2019). Membangun Kerukunan Melalui Konsep Esoterisme dalam Teks Tutur Jatiswara (Studi Filsafat Perennial). Sanjiwani: Jurnal Filsafat, 10(2), 77–93. https://doi.org/10.25078/sjf.v10i2.1520
  2. Arroisi, J. (2015). Aliran Kepercayaan Aliran dan Kebatinan: Membaca Tradisi dan Budaya Sinkretis Masyarakat Jawa. Al-Hikmah Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama, 1(1), 1–28.
  3. Arymurthy, A. (1980). Studi Kepustakaan tentang Perilaku, Hukum, dan Ilmu Sumarah (Naskah IV). Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Direktorat Pembinaan Penghayat Kepercayaan Terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.
  4. Aryono, A. (2018). Pergulatan Aliran Kepercayaan dalam Panggung Politik Indonesia, 1950an-2010an: Romo Semono Sastrodihardjo dan Aliran Kapribaden. Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha, 3(1), 58–68. https://doi.org/10.14710/jscl.v3i1.17855
  5. Basuki, H. (2007). Mengenal Sumarah. Grasia Offset.
  6. Brodd, J., & Sobolewski, G. (2009). World Religions: A Voyage of Discovery. Saint Mary’s Press.
  7. Caldarola, C. (1982). Religion and Societies: Asia and the Middle East. Walter de Gruyter.
  8. Choy, L. K. (1999). A Fragile Nation: The Indonesian Crisis. World Scientific.
  9. Engler, S., & Stausberg, M. (Eds.). (2012). The Routledge Handbook of Research Methods in the Study of Religion. Routledge.
  10. Ensiklopedi Kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan yang Maha Esa. (2010). Direktorat Jenderal Nilai Budaya Seni dan Film Direktorat Kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.
  11. Ferm, V. (Ed.). (1945). Encyclopedia of Religion. Philosophical Library.
  12. Flood, G. D. (2016). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press.
  13. Geertz, C. (1959). The Religion of Java. The University of Chicago Press.
  14. Gnosticism. (2005). In L. Jones (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Religion (2nd ed., Vol. 5, p. 10330).
  15. Griera, M. (2019). Interreligious Events in the Public Space: Performing Togetherness in Times of Religious Pluralism. In M. Moyaert (Ed.), Interreligious Relations and the Negotiation of Ritual Boundaries Explorations in Interrituality (pp. 35–55). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05701-5
  16. Grimes, R. L. (2015). A Daughter’s Song.
  17. Grimes, R. L. (2017). Bridging Rituals: A Daughter’s Song. Liminalities: A Journal of Performance Studies, 13(2), 1–16.
  18. Hakiki, K. M. (2011). Aliran Kebatinan di Indonesia. Al-Adyan, 6(2), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajsla.v6i2.497
  19. Hoffman, L. A. (1990). Jewish-Christian Services—Babel or Mixed Multitude? CrossCurrents, 40(1), 5–17, 21.
  20. Juergensmeyer, M., & Roof, W. C. (Eds.). (2012). Encyclopedia of Global Religion. Sage Publishing.
  21. Jufri, M., & Mukhlish, M. (2019). Akibat Hukum Pemisahan Hak Beragama dengan Hak Berkepercayaan dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Jurnal Konstitusi, 16(2), 274–295. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1624
  22. Khalim, S. (2008). Islam dan Spiritualitas Jawa. RaSAIL Media Group.
  23. Koentjaraningrat. (1990). Beberapa Pokok Antropologi Sosial. Dian Rakyat.
  24. Kujawara-Holbrook, S. A. (2018). Toward the Field of Interrituality. Interreligious Studies and Intercultural Theology, 2(1), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1558/33586
  25. Kunst, J. (1949). Music in Java. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7130-6
  26. Lipner, J. (2012). Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203864647
  27. Lubis, D. (2019). Aliran Kepercayaan/Kebatinan. Perdana Publisher.
  28. Marshall, P. (2018). The Ambiguities of Religious Freedom in Indonesia. The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 16(1), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2018.1433588
  29. Maulana, A. M. R. (2014). Kesatuan Transenden Agama-Agama dalam Perspektif Tasawuf (Kritik atas Pemikiran Frithjof Schuon). Kalimah: Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Pemikiran Islam, 12(2), 197–212. https://doi.org/10.21111/klm.v12i2.236
  30. Maulana, A. M. R. (2021). Problematika Pluralisme Agama Antara Teologi dan Filsafat: Membaca Kritik Marianne Moyaert atas John Hick. Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Masyarakat, 16(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.23971/jsam.v16i2.2136
  31. Maulana, A. M. R., Adzima, F., & Hudaya, M. (2020). Konsep Kafir dalam Tiga Agama Besar. Kalimah: Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Pemikiran Islam, 18(2), 157–184. https://doi.org/10.21111/klm.v18i2.4867
  32. Maulana, A. M. R., Awaludin, A., Fauzi, A. G., & Fauzi, A. G. (2021). Reflecting Muslim-Christian Relations In Community Of Tegalrejo, Babadan-Ngancar-Kediri, 2019: Confronting Post-Truth. ‘Abqari Journal, 24(1), 155–170. https://doi.org/10.33102/abqari.vol24no1.261
  33. Monier-Williams, S. M., Leumann, E., & Cappeller, C. (1899). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages. Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House.
  34. Moyaert, M. (2011). Fragile Identities: Towards a Theology of Interreligious Hospitality.
  35. Moyaert, M. (2014). Inappropriate Behavior? On the Ritual Core of Religion and its Challenges to Interreligious Hospitality. Journal for the Academic Study of Religion, 27(2), 222–242. https://doi.org/10.1558/jasr.v27i2.222
  36. Moyaert, M. (2017). Infelicitous inter-ritual hospitality. Culture and Religion, 18(3), 324–342. https://doi.org/10.1080/14755610.2017.1339100
  37. Moyaert, M. (2018). On the Role of Ritual in Interfaith Education. Religious Education, 113(1), 49–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2017.1383869
  38. Moyaert, M. (2019). Broadening the Scope of Interreligious Studies: Interrituality. In M. Moyaert (Ed.), Interreligious Relations and the Negotiation of Ritual Boundaries: Explorations in Interrituality (pp. 1–34). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05701-5
  39. Moyaert, M., & Geldhof, J. (Eds.). (2015). Ritual Participation and Interreligious Dialogue: Boundaries, Transgressions and Innovations. Bloomsbury Publishing. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474242165
  40. Nasr, S. H. (Ed.). (2005). The Essential Frithjof Schuon. World Wisdom.
  41. Norman, K. R. (1983). Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions. Edited by Wendy Doniger O’Flaherty. University of California Press: Berkeley, 1980. Pp. xxv, 342. £16.50. Modern Asian Studies, 17(4), 698–700. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00011136
  42. O’Flaherty, W. D. (Ed.). (1980). Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions. University of California Press.
  43. Paguyuban Sumarah. (1980). Sumarah: Sejarah Panguyuban Sumarah 1935-1970. Direktorat Pembinaan Penghayat Kepercayaan Terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, Proyek Inventarisasi Kepercayaan Terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, Depdikbud.
  44. Paranjape, M. R. (2012). Making India: Colonialism, National Culture, and the Afterlife of Indian English Authority. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4661-9
  45. Perdana, C. H. (2018). Memahami Ke-matang-an Ego Penghayat Sumarah. Kontemplasi: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin, 6(2), 271–290. https://doi.org/10.21274/kontem.2018.6.2.271-290
  46. Picard, M., & Madinier, R. (2011). The Politics of Religion in Indonesia: Syncretism, Orthodoxy, and Religious Contention in Java and Bali. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203817049
  47. Pradhan, B. (2015). Yoga and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09105-1
  48. Pranoto, T. H. P. T. (2007). Spiritualitas Kejawen: Ilmu Kasunyatan Wawasan dan Pemahaman Penghayatan dan Pengamalan (B. P. Handoko (Ed.)). Kuntul Press.
  49. Prasetyo, D., DE, R., & Poniman, P. (2019). Serat Wedatama K.G.P.A.A Mangkunegara IV (Kajian Teologi Hindu. Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu, 3(2), 101–111.
  50. Putro, R., Rohmadi, M., Rakhmawati, A., & Saddhono, K. (2019). Religion Caste Inside Sembah Catur on Serat Wedhatama, Pupuh Gambuh made by KGPAA Mangkunegara IV. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 1st Seminar and Workshop on Research Design, for Education, Social Science, Arts, and Humanities, (SEWORD FRESSH 2019), April 27 2019, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.27-4-2019.2286907
  51. Robson, S. O. (1990). The Wedhatama An English Translation. KITLV Press.
  52. Romano, L. (2013). Sumarah Spiritual Wisdom from Java (A. Feinstein (Ed.); C. Bearfield (Trans.)). Lulu Press.
  53. Saputro, F. G. (2009). Penghayatan Ketuhanan Menurut Aliran Kebatinan Paguyuban Sumarah. Jurnal Filsafat, 19(2), 127–145. https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.3443
  54. Sarbacker, S. R. (2005). Samādhi: The Numinous and Cessative in Indo-Tibetan yoga. State University of New York Press.
  55. Sastri, M. R. (2012). The Din-I-Ilahi or The Religion of Akbar. Ulan Press.
  56. Schiller, A. (1996). An “Old” Religion in “New Order” Indonesia: Notes on Ethnicity and Religious Affiliation. Sociology of Religion, 57(4), 409–417. https://doi.org/10.2307/3711895
  57. Schuon, F. (1984). The Transcendent Unity of Religions. Quest Books.
  58. Schuon, F. (2008a). Christianity/Islam: Perspectives on Esoteric Ecumenism, a New Translation with Selected Letters (J. Cutsinger (Ed.)). World Wisdom.
  59. Schuon, F. (2008b). Esoterism as Principle and as Way. Perennial Books.
  60. Simuh, S. (2019). Pergolakan Pemikiran dalam Islam. IRCiSoD.
  61. Sirait, A. M., Nafisa, F., Oktia D., R. A., & Jatmiko, R. S. (2015). Posisi dan Reposisi Kepercayaan Lokal di Indonesia. Kuriositas, 8(1), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.35905/kur.v8i1.144
  62. Smith, H. (1984). Introduction. In Transcendent Unity of Religions. Quest Books.
  63. Stange, P. (1980). The Evolution of Sumarah.
  64. Stange, P. (2009). Kejawen Modern: Hakikat dalam Penghayatan Sumarah. LKIS.
  65. Stoddart, W. (2008). Remembering in a World of Forgetting: Thoughts on Tradition & Postmodernism (M. S. de Azevedo & A. V. Queiroz (Eds.)). World Wisdom.
  66. Stoddart, W. (2010). Foreword. In Frithjof Schuon: Messenger of the Perennial Philosophy (Spiritual Masters: East and West). World Wisdom.
  67. Suprayogo, I. (2001). Metodologi Penelitian Sosial-Agama. Remaja Rosdakarya.
  68. Suwarno, I. S. (2005). Konsep Tuhan, Manusia, Mistik dalam Kebatinan Jawa. Raja Grafindo Persada.
  69. Widjayanti, R. S. (2015). Perbandingan Shalat dan Laku Manembah Aliran Kebatinan Pangestu dan Sumarah. Jurnal Studia Insania, 3(1), 63–78. https://doi.org/10.18592/jsi.v3i1.1104

Open Access Copyright (c) 2021 Abdullah Muslich Rizal Maulana, Muttaqin Muttaqin, Alif Nur Fitriyani
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Publisher:
Institute for Research and Community Services (LP2M)
Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Rectorate Building, 3rd Floor
Jl. Prof. Hamka - Kampus 3, Tambakaji Ngaliyan 50185, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
Email: walisongo@walisongo.ac.id

 

 
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a 
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 

View My Stats

 

apps