The Politics of Power: Ridwan Kamil and the Dynamics of the 2024 Jakarta Election

Authors

  • Immanuel Cristwo Bangun Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21580/jpw.v7i1.25895

Keywords:

Elections,, Jakarta Elections, Power, Political Strategy, Public Legitimacy

Abstract

The 2024 Jakarta elections reflect the complexity of politics in Indonesia, where power is used strategically to maintain dominance. This paper aims to analyse the dynamics of power used by Ridwan Kamil, through the approach of Steven Lukes' (2005) three-dimensional view of power. Using a qualitative descriptive method based on literature study, this paper finds that although Ridwan Kamil utilizes the dimensions of Visible, Hidden and Invisible Power strategically; public resistance hinders the effectiveness of this strategy. This confirms that in an increasingly elitist political system, the 2024 Jakarta election still proves that as in democratic politics, power is not solely about elite dominance but also a matter of legitimacy and public acceptance that cannot be fully controlled by political actors. Although it cannot be denied that the power struggle between elites will always continue to occur.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akbar, A. (2024). Ridwan Kamil-Suswono Didukung 15 Parpol di Pilkada Jakarta. Detiknews; detikcom. https://news.detik.com/pilkada/d-7513008/ridwan-kamil-suswono-didukung-15-parpol-di-pilkada-jakarta

Asep, D., Asiyah, A., Sopian, S., Waruwu, Y., Tanipu, F., Yesami, L., Putra Ode Amane, A., Sialana, F., Putranto, A., & Nugroho, C. A. (2024). Pengantar Ilmu Politik. Batam. Cendikia Mulia Mandiri. Indonesia.

Aspinall, E., & Berenschot, W. (2019). Democracy for Sale: Elections, Clientelism, and the State in Indonesia. New York. Cornell University Press. USA.

Bataona, M. R., & Bajari, A. (2017). RELASI KUASA DAN SIMBOL EKONOMI-POLITIK GEREJA DALAM KONTESTASI POLITIK LOKAL PROVINSI NTT. Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, 5(2), 121. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v5i2.8831

Beli, W. S. (2016). HIDDEN POWER DALAM POLITIK PEMEKARAN DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR. JOURNAL of GOVERNMENT (Kajian Manajemen Pemerintahan Dan Otonomi Daerah), 2(1). https://doi.org/10.52447/gov.v2i1.526

Bustomi, M. I. (2024). Dharma-Kun pada Pilkada Jakarta: Kontroversi dan Formalitas dalam Politik. KOMPAS.com; Kompas.com. https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2024/08/30/12000011/dharma-kun-pada-pilkada-jakarta-kontroversi-dan-formalitas-dalam-politik

Chairunnisa, N., & Khoirunikmah, A. (2024). Paparkan Visi Misi di Debat Perdana, Ridwan Kamil: Jakarta Baru Jakarta Maju setelah Tak Jadi Ibu Kota. Tempo. https://www.tempo.co/politik/paparkan-visi-misi-di-debat-perdana-ridwan-kamil-jakarta-baru-jakarta-maju-setelah-tak-jadi-ibu-kota-2214

Churniawan, E. (2024). Dinamika Money Politics di Masyarakat: Perspektif Relasi Kuasa. Ahmad Dahlan Legal Perspective, 4(2), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.12928/adlp.v4i2.10410

CNN Indonesia. (2024). Pleno Penetapan Dharma-Kun sebagai Calon Perseorangan Diskors 3 Kali. Cnnindonesia.com. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20240820081712-617-1135103/pleno-penetapan-dharma-kun-sebagai-calon-perseorangan-diskors-3-kali

Dahl, R. A. (1957). The concept of power. Behavioral Science, 2(3), 201–215. https://welcometorel.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/conceptpower_r-dahl.pdf

Dahl, R. A. (1961). Who governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. London. Yale University Press. UK.

Dharmakarja , I. G. M. A. (2017). Rekonstruksi Belanja Bantuan Sosial. SUBSTANSI, 1(2), 373–389. https://doi.org/10.35837/subs.v1i2.258

Fallahnda, B., & Putsanra, D. V. (2024). 3 Program Ridwan Kamil yang Kontroversial di Jakarta. Tirto.id; Tirto.id. https://tirto.id/program-ridwan-kamil-yang-kontroversial-di-jakarta-g5pe

Feisal, R. (2024). 12 partai resmi mengusung Ridwan Kamil-Suswono pada Pilkada Jakarta. Antara News; ANTARA. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4271587/12-partai-resmi-mengusung-ridwan-kamil-suswono-pada-pilkada-jakarta

Fokatea, F. A., & Mas’udi, W. (2020). Konsolidasi Elit Dalam Membentuk Kekuasaan Politik Lokal Keluarga Mus di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula. Journal of Governance and Social Policy, 1(2), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.24815/gaspol.v1i2.18530

Gramsci, A. (1999). Selections from the Prison Notebooks (Q. Hoare & G. N. Smith, Trans.). London. Elecbook. UK. https://uberty.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/gramsci-prison-notebooks.pdf

Gunawan, W. (2019). Dinasti-isme: Demokrasi, Dominasi Elit, dan Pemilu. Jurnal Academia Praja, 2(02). https://doi.org/10.36859/jap.v2i02.118

Haboddin, M. (2020). Sirkulasi Elite Lokal di Bantaeng. Jurnal Transformative, 6(1), 72–90. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.transformative.2020.006.01.4

Haliim, W. (2020). Problematika Kebijakan Dana Hibah dan Bantuan Sosial Sumber APBD: Relasi Korupsi Terhadap Kekuasaan Kepemimpinan, dan Perilaku Elit. Inovasi, 17(1), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.33626/inovasi.v17i1.136

Harvey, D. (2005). A Brief History of Neoliberalism. New York. Oxford University Press Inc. USA.

Helmi, I. (2024). 12 Parpol Resmi Usung Ridwan Kamil-Suswono Maju di Pilkada Jakarta 2024, Partai Apa Saja? Kompas.tv; www.kompas.tv. https://www.kompas.tv/nasional/531941/12-parpol-resmi-usung-ridwan-kamil-suswono-maju-di-pilkada-jakarta-2024-partai-apa-saja

Herman, E. S., & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing Consent: the Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York. Pantheon Books. USA. https://www.monvoisin.xyz/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Noam-Chomsky-Edward-Herman-Manufacturing-Consent-1988.pdf

Hicken, A. (2011). Clientelism. Annual Review of Political Science, 14(1), 289–310. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.031908.220508

Higley, J., & Burton, M. (2006). Elite Foundations of Liberal Democracy. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Hutagalung, D. (2004). Hegemoni, Kekuasaan dan Ideologi. Jurnal Diponegoro, 6(12), 1–17. https://www.academia.edu/4149115/Hegemoni_Kekuasaan_dan_Ideologi

Khoirunikmah, A. (2024). Begini Alasan Jokowi Dukung Ridwan Kamil. Tempo. https://www.tempo.co/politik/begini-alasan-jokowi-dukung-ridwan-kamil-1170117

Koho, I. R. (2021). Oligarki dalam Demokrasi Indonesia. Lensa, 15(1), 60–73. https://doi.org/10.58872/lensa.v15i1.6

kpu.go.id. (2024). HASIL UNGGAH C.HASIL & REKAPITULASI D.HASIL PEMILIHAN GUBERNUR & WAKIL GUBERNUR 2024. Kpu.go.id. https://pilkada2024.kpu.go.id/pilgub/dki-jakarta

Lubis, R. E. L. (2024). Pilkada Jakarta: Golput Pilkada Jakarta ‘tertinggi di Jawa dan cetak rekor sejarah‘ - BBC News Indonesia. BBC News Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/c3e8gl4n338o

Lukes, S. (2005). Power: A radical view second edition (2nd ed.). New York. Palgrave Macmillan. USA. https://voidnetwork.gr/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Power-A-Radical-View-Steven-Lukes.pdf

Luthfiani, D., & Ernis, D. (2024). Inisial D, A, dan J di Balik Penjegalan Anies di Pilgub 2024. Tempo. https://www.tempo.co/politik/inisial-d-a-dan-j-di-balik-penjegalan-anies-di-pilgub-2024-26739

Michels, R. (2001). Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy. Kitchener. Batoche Books. Canada. https://historyofeconomicthought.mcmaster.ca/michels/polipart.pdf

Mietzner, M. (2009). Military Politics, Islam, and the State in Indonesia. Pasir Panjang. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Singapore.

Mills, C. W. (1956). The Power Elite. Oxford. Oxford University Press. UK.

Milner, M. (2015). Elites - A general Model. Cambridge. Polity Press. UK.

Mosca, G. (1935). The Ruling Class. New York. McGRAW-HUL BOOK COMPANY, INC. USA.

Nelfira, W. (2024). Viral Bansos Pakai Logo RIDO, Basri Baco: Itu di Masa Kampanye. Liputan6.com. https://www.liputan6.com/pemilu/read/5811508/viral-bansos-pakai-logo-rido-basri-baco-itu-di-masa-kampanye?page=2

Pareto, V. (2019). The Mind and Society: A Treatise on General Sociology. Alpha Edition.

Pradana, M. Y. A. (2020). RELASI KUASA POLITIK TOKOH AGAMA DALAM HEGEMONI PEMILUKADA 2020. Living Islam: Journal of Islamic Discourses, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.14421/lijid.v3i2.2418

Putra, D. A., & Aziz, A. (2024). Upaya Menjegal Anies di Pilgub Jakarta & Rontoknya Fungsi Parpol. Tirto.id; Tirto.id. https://tirto.id/upaya-menjegal-anies-di-pilgub-jakarta-rontoknya-fungsi-parpol-g2Bq#google_vignette

Rahmanto, F., Firmansyah, M. I., Purwaningsih, T., & Rafi, M. (2021). POLITIK ANGGARAN: ALOKASI DANA BANSOS PRA-PEMILIHAN PRESIDEN 2019 DI INDONESIA SEBAGAI ALAT MENINGKATKAN ELEKTABILITAS. JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik), 6(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.24198/jwp.v6i1.29422

Riawan, O. D., Fitriyah , F., & Wijayanto , W. (2024). DOMINASI OLIGARKI DAN POLITIK DINASTI DALAM KANDIDASI KEPALA DAERAH OLEH PARTAI DEMOKRASI INDONESIA PERJUANGAN DI KOTA SURAKARTA TAHUN 2020. Journal of Politic and Government Studies, 13(4), 412–420. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpgs/article/view/47378

Salam, H. (2024). Jokowi Mengaku Dukung Ridwan Kamil karena Rekam Jejak. Kompas.id; PT Kompas Media Nusantara. https://www.kompas.id/artikel/jokowi-pilih-rk-karena-rekam-jejak-singgung-58-persen-kemenangan-seperti-pilpres-2024

Saragintan, A., & Hidayat, S. (2016). Bantuan Sosial di Provinsi Banten tahun 2011. Jurnal Politik, 2(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.7454/jp.v2i1.1130

Schatzberg, M. G. (2001). Political Legitimacy in Middle Africa. Bloomington. Indiana University Press. USA.

Solihah, R. (2016). POLA RELASI BISNIS DAN POLITIK DI INDONESIA MASA REFORMASI: KASUS RENT SEEKING. Jurnal Wacana Politik, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.24198/jwp.v1i1.10546

Syawawi, R. (2021). Memutus Oligarki Dan Klientlisme Dalam Sistem Politik Indonesia Melalui Pembaharuan Pengaturan Pendanaan Partai Politik Oleh Negara. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 18(1), 139. https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v18i1.752

Tans, R. (2012). Mobilizing Resources, Building Coalitions: Local Power in Indonesia. EastWest Center; JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/resrep06516

Tanuwidjaja, S. (2010). Political Islam and Islamic Parties in Indonesia: Critically Assessing the Evidence of Islam’s Political Decline. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 32(1), 29–49. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/41288802

Weber, M. (1947). The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York. Free Press. USA. https://ia804503.us.archive.org/32/items/weber-max.-the-theory-of-social-and-economic-organization-1947_202106/Weber%2C%20Max.%20-%20The%20Theory%20of%20Social%20and%20Economic%20Organization%20%5B1947%5D.pdf

Winters, J. A. (2011). Oligarki (Z. Anshor, Trans.). Jakarta. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Indonesia.

Winters, M. S., & Weitz-Shapiro, R. (2013). Lacking Information or Condoning Corruption: When Do Voters Support Corrupt Politicians? Comparative Politics, 45(4), 418–436. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041513806933583

Wisesa, Y. D. B. (2024). CEK FAKTA: Ridwan Kamil-Suswono Beri Bansos Jelang Pilkada? IDN Times. https://www.idntimes.com/news/indonesia/yosafat-diva-bagus/cek-fakta-ridwan-kamil-suswono-bagi-bagi-bansos-jelang-pilkada

Yaputra, H., & Paraqbueq, R. (2024). Jokowi Dukung Ridwan Kamil di Pilkada Jakarta: Berharap Popularitas Jokowi. Tempo. https://www.tempo.co/politik/jokowi-dukung-ridwan-kamil-pilkada-jakarta-1170695

Downloads

Published

2025-08-04

How to Cite

Bangun, I. C. (2025). The Politics of Power: Ridwan Kamil and the Dynamics of the 2024 Jakarta Election. JPW (Jurnal Politik Walisongo), 7(1), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.21580/jpw.v7i1.25895

Issue

Section

Articles