Strategy of Livelihood among Persons Having Social Stigma in Sexual Orientation

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Published: Apr 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21580/jsw.2022.6.1.10824
Keywords:
bisexual, Christian, COVID-19, gender and sexuality studies, livelihood

Main Article Content

Grant Nixon
School of Strategic and Global Studies, Master in Gender Studies Program, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8924-5199
Mia Siscawati
School of Strategic and Global Studies, Master in Gender Studies Program, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1396-5931
Juliana Mohd Arpa
Department of Theology, Faculty of Theology, Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Ekumene, Jakarta, Indonesia
Eliza Christabella Phuanerys
Department of Management, Faculty of Social and Humanities, Universitas Bunda Mulia, Jakarta, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6846-2194

Abstract

The dilemma of bisexual identity not only brings existential problems for their identity but also their livelihood. This article focused on the pandemic time and showed the challenges and strategies of Christian bisexual groups to maintain their livelihoods before and after the pandemic. This article aimed to expose the strategy of livelihood among the persons having social stigma in sexual orientation in a heteronormative hegemonic system such as Indonesia. Applying a qualitative method with a case study of two Christian bisexuals, this study showed two main findings: first, gender and bisexual orientation have an impact on rejection, oppression, and job transfer in the period before and after the pandemic due to unequal power relations in heteronormative structures. These power relations also lead to the neglect of non-heteronormative contributions to the informal sector in a heteronormative economic structure. Secondly, bisexual individuals developed a particular resilience strategy during a pandemic, one of which is by utilizing informal networks with non-heteronormative groups. Another finding is the influence of religion which simultaneously provides support and oppression to the livelihoods of non-heteronormative groups.

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Article Details

Issue
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022)
Section
Articles

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Author Biography

Mia Siscawati, School of Strategic and Global Studies, Master in Gender Studies Program, Universitas Indonesia, Depok

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