Domination and Intimidation as Forms of Symbolic Violence in Adolescent Dating Relationships

Sasiana Gilar Apriantika*  -  Department of Sociology Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Laws, and Political Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Grendi Hendrastomo  -  Department of Sociology Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Laws, and Political Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Dwi Agustina  -  Department of Sociology Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Laws, and Political Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Nur Hidayah  -  Department of Sociology Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Laws, and Political Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

(*) Corresponding Author

The National Commission on Violence Against Women in Annual Record Data 2021 stated that there were 1309 cases of violence in personal relationships in 2020. Among these cases, psychological, physical, and sexual aggression is the most prevalent. This research aims to explore what forms of violence in dating, i.e., domination and intimidation, are experienced by adolescents. This research uses a qualitative approach, with data collected through survey methods. The findings show that domination and intimidation are experienced by more than half of adolescents in dating relationships. The two forms of domination are expectations from and sacrifice for a partner. Meanwhile, the forms of intimidation are speaking in a high tone, threatening, and inflicting fear to do something without the partner’s permission. This violence continues perpetuating, with Doxic through rules that are never considered coercion. This research has implications for educating the adolescents about various forms of violence in relationship that are often considered as a normal things.

Keywords: dating relations; domination; intimidation; love; symbolic violence

  1. Apriantika, Sasiana Gilar. 2021. “Konsep Cinta Menurut Erich Fromm: Upaya Menghindari Tindak Kekerasan dalam Pacaran.” Dimensia: Jurnal Kajian Sosiologi 10(1):44–60. doi: 10.21831/dimensia.v10i1.41050.
  2. Arisandi, Larasati Fina, Dela Aristi, Narila Mutia Nasir, and Laily Hanifah. 2023. “Kekerasan dalam Pacaran pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas.” Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas 8(3):489–95. doi: 10.25311/keskom.Vol8.Iss3.1219.
  3. Ariyati, Risky Ananda, and Fathul Lubabin Nuqul. 2016. “Gaya Cinta (Love Style) Mahasiswa.” Psikoislamika: Jurnal Psikologi dan Psikologi Islam 13(2):29–38. doi: 10.18860/psi.v13i2.6439.
  4. Aziz, Yogi Abdul. 2018. “Strategi Coping Perempuan Korban Kekerasan dalam Pacaran di Rifka Annisa Women Crisis Center Yogyakarta.” Komunika: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 12(1):58–84. doi: 10.24090/komunika.v12i1.1385.
  5. Berger, Lauren, Dana McMakin, and Wyndol Furman. 2005. “The Language of Love: Romantic Relationships in Adolescence.” pp. 129–45 in Talking Adolescence: Perspectives on Communication in the Teenage Years, edited by A. Williams and C. Thurlow. New York: Peter Lang.
  6. Bonomi, Amy E., Melissa L. Anderson, Julianna Nemeth, Suzanne Bartle-Haring, Cynthia Buettner, and Deborah Schipper. 2012. “Dating Violence Victimization across the Teen Years: Abuse Frequency, Number of Abusive Partners, and Age at First Occurrence.” BMC Public Health 12(1):637. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-637.
  7. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  8. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1990. In Other Words: Essays Toward a Reflexive Sociology. Redwood: Stanford University Press.
  9. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  10. Crapo, J. Scott, and Kay Bradford. 2021. “Multidimensional Family Development Theory: A Reconceptualization of Family Development.” Journal of Family Theory & Review 13(2):202–23. doi: 10.1111/jftr.12414.
  11. Dwijayani, Ni Komang Karmini, and Ni Made Ari Wilani. 2020. “Bucin Itu Bukan Cinta: Mindful Dating for Flourishing Relationship.” Widya Cakra: Journal of Psychology and Humanities 1(1):1–14. doi: 10.24843/widyacakra.2020.v1.i1.p69189.
  12. Fernando, Zico Junius, M. Abdi, Ria Anggraeni Utami, and David Aprizon Putra. 2021. “Perlindungan Anak terhadap Kekerasan dalam Berpacaran (Dating Violence) di Kota Bengkulu.” University of Bengkulu Law Journal 6(1):82–98. doi: 10.33369/ubelaj.6.1.82-98.
  13. Foshee, Vangie A., Karl E. Bauman, Fletcher Linder, Jennifer Rice, and Rose Wilcher. 2007. “Typologies of Adolescent Dating Violence.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 22(5):498–519. doi: 10.1177/0886260506298829.
  14. Grace, Sheila, Pradipta Christy Pratiwi, and Grace Indrawati. 2020. “Hubungan Antara Rasa Percaya dalam Hubungan Romantis dan Kekerasan dalam Pacaran pada Perempuan Dewasa Muda di Jakarta.” Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat 5(2):169–86. doi: 10.24854/jpu78.
  15. Harker, Richard, Cheelen Mahar, and Chris Wilkes, eds. 2005. (Habitus X Modal) + Ranah = Praktik: Pengantar Paling Komprehensif Kepada Pemikiran Pierre Bourdieu. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.
  16. Harned, Melanie S. 2001. “Abused Women or Abused Men? An Examination of the Context and Outcomes of Dating Violence.” Violence and Victims 16(3):269–85. doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.16.3.269.
  17. Haryatmoko, H. 2010. Dominasi Penuh Muslihat Akar Kekerasan dan Diskriminasi. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
  18. Hidayati, Khoirul Bariyyah, and M. Farid. 2016. “Konsep Diri, Adversity Quotient dan Penyesuaian Diri pada Remaja.” Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia 5(2):137–44. doi: 10.30996/persona.v5i02.730.
  19. Hunt, Kristen E., Luz E. Robinson, Alberto Valido, Dorothy L. Espelage, and Jun Sung Hong. 2022. “Teen Dating Violence Victimization: Associations Among Peer Justification, Attitudes Toward Gender Inequality, Sexual Activity, and Peer Victimization.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37(9–10):5914–36. doi: 10.1177/08862605221085015.
  20. Iqbal, Muhammad. 2020. Psikologi Pernikahan: Menyelami Rahasia Pernikahan. Jakarta: Gema Insani.
  21. Komnas Perempuan RI. 2021. “Perempuan dalam Himpitan Pandemi: Lonjakan Kekerasan Seksual, Kekerasan Siber, Perkawinan Anak dan Keterbatasan Penanganan di Tengah COVID-19. CATAHU 2021: Catatan Tahuan Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan 2020.” Komisi Nasional Perempuan Republik Indonesia. Retrieved (https://komnasperempuan.go.id/catatan-tahunan-detail/catahu-2021-perempuan-dalam-himpitan-pandemi-lonjakan-kekerasan-seksual-kekerasan-siber-perkawinan-anak-dan-keterbatasan-penanganan-di-tengah-covid-19).
  22. Kompas.TV. 2022. “Waspada! Kasus Kekerasan dalam Pacaran di Indonesia Tinggi, Kenali Ciri-Cirinya.” Kompas.TV. Retrieved (https://www.kompas.tv/nasional/255044/waspada-kasus-kekerasan-dalam-pacaran-di-indonesia-tinggi-kenali-ciri-cirinya?page=all).
  23. Moreno, Francisco Jose. 1985. Agama dan Akal Fikiran: Naluri Rasa Takut dan Keadaan Jiwa Manusia. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
  24. Murray, Jill. 2009. But I Love Him: Protecting Your Teen Daughter from Controlling, Abusive Dating Relationships. New York: Harper Collins.
  25. Nevada Attorney General Aaron D. Ford. 1995. “Power and Control in Dating Relationships. Adapted from: Reaching & Teaching Teens. Nebraska Domestic Violence & Sexual Assault Coalition 1995.”
  26. Nocentini, Annalaura, Concetta Pastorelli, and Ersilia Menesini. 2013. “Self-Efficacy in Anger Management and Dating Aggression in Italian Young Adults.” International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV) 7(2):274–285. doi: https://doi.org/10.4119/ijcv-3024.
  27. Nugroho, Wahyu Budi, and Sukma Sushanti. 2019. “Kekerasan dalam Pacaran: Anatomi Konflik dan Penyelesaiannya.” JSW (Jurnal Sosiologi Walisongo) 3(2):145–62. doi: 10.21580/jsw.2019.3.2.3928.
  28. Offenhauer, Priscilla, and Alice R. Buchalter. 2011. Teen Dating Violence: A Literature Review and Annotated Bibliography. Washington D.C: National Institute of Justice.
  29. Ohee, Christine, and Windhu Purnomo. 2018. “Pengaruh Status Hubungan Berpacaran terhadap Perilaku Pacaran Berisiko pada Mahasiswa Perantau Asal Papua di Kota Surabaya.” The Indonesian Journal of Public Health 13(2):269–87. doi: 10.20473/ijph.v13i2.2018.269-287.
  30. Purnama, Fenita. 2018. “Kekerasan dalam Pacaran Remaja.” Jurnal Harkat: Media Komunikasi Gender 12(2). doi: 10.15408/harkat.v12i2.7570.
  31. Rusyidi, Binahayati, and Eva Nuriyah Hidayat. 2020. “Kekerasan dalam Pacaran: Faktor Risiko dan Pelindung serta Implikasinya terhadap Upaya Pencegahan.” Sosio Informa 6(2):152–69. doi: 10.33007/inf.v6i2.2208.
  32. Safitri, Windha Ayu, and Sama’i Sama’i. 2013. “Dampak Kekerasan dalam Berpacaran.” Artikel Ilmiah Hasil Penelitian Mahasiswa UNEJ 2013 1(1):1–6.
  33. Samp, Jennifer A., and Caren E. Palevitz. 2009. “Dating and Romantic Partners.” pp. 322–30 in 21st Century Communication: A Reference Handbook. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  34. Sholikhah, Rohmatus Sholikhah, and Achmad Mujab Masykur. 2020. “‘Atas Nama Cinta, Ku Rela Terluka’ (Studi Fenomenologi pada Perempuan Korban Kekerasan dalam Pacaran).” Jurnal Empati 8(4):706–16. doi: 10.14710/empati.2019.26513.
  35. Somekh, Bridget, and Cathy Lewin. 2005. Research Methods in the Social Sciences. London: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  36. Stets, Jan E. 1993. “Control in Dating Relationships.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 55(3):673. doi: 10.2307/353348.
  37. Taylor, Sarah, Carrie A. Calkins, Yan Xia, and Rochelle L. Dalla. 2021. “Adolescent Perceptions of Dating Violence: A Qualitative Study.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(1–2):448–68. doi: 10.1177/0886260517726969.
  38. Ulya, Ulya. 2017. “Mewaspadai Kekerasan Simbolik dalam Relasi Orang Tua dan Anak.” Palastren: Jurnal Studi Gender J 9(2):233. doi: 10.21043/palastren.v9i2.2050.
  39. Utami, Alfrida Nur. 2022. “Ekspresi Cinta pada Dewasa Awal yang Berpacaran.” Acta Psychologia 4(1):29–37. doi: 10.21831/ ap.v4i1.51627.
  40. Walliman, Nicholas. 2022. Research Methods: The Basic. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
  41. Yusuf, Syamsu. 2010. Psikologi Perkembangan Anak dan Remaja. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.

Open Access Copyright (c) 2023 JSW (Jurnal Sosiologi Walisongo)
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Publisher:
Sociology Laboratory - Department of Sociology
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences
Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
Central Java, Indonesia

 

 
apps