Narasi Ujaran Kebencian dalam Pemilihan Umum Kepala Daerah (PILKADA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/jid.v39.2.4673Keywords:
ujaran kebencian, media sosial, dan politikAbstract
Hate speech on social media has become a theme of discussion in various forms of discourse in society. This paper focuses on expressions of hate speech related to regional political election uploaded through posts from personal and group accounts on the Facebook social media platform from January to July 2018. This study uses content analysis by adopting Soesilo's six hate speech criteria. The results of the study showed that the forms of hate speech on Facebook were expressed in the form of photos, drawings, illustrations, memes, and words that had the connotation of provocation, insults, and incitement. Hate speech comes from personal and group accounts, addressed to individuals, public officials such as presidents, party leaders, and the government.
Ujaran kebencian di media sosial telah menjadi tema pembahasan dalam berbagai bentuk wacana di masyarakat. Tulisan ini fokus pada ekspresi ujaran kebencian yang terkait dengan masalah Pemilihan Kepala Daerah yang diunggah melalui postingan dari akun personal maupun kelompok dalam platform media sosial facebook selama Januari sampai bulan Juli 2018. Studi ini menggunakan analisis isi dengan mengadopsi enam kriteria ujaran kebencian Soesilo. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa bentuk ujaran kebencian di facebook diungkapkan dalam bentuk foto, gambar, ilustrasi, meme, dan kata-kata yang memiliki konotasi provokasi, penghinaan, dan hasutan. Ujaran kebencian bersumber dari akun pribadi dan kelompok, ditujukan kepada individu, pejabat publik seperti presiden, ketua partai, dan pemerintah.
Downloads
References
Afan Gaffar, Politik Indonesia: Transisi Menuju Demokrasi (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 1999)
Anna Spiegel, Contested Public Spheres; Famele Activism and Identity Politics in Malaysia (Heidelberg: VS Research, 2010)
Anselm Strauss dan Julliet Corbin, Dasar-dasar Penelitian Kualitatif; Tata Langkah dan Teknik-teknik Teorisasi Data (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2007)
Arskal Salim, Challenging the Secular State: The Islamization of Law in Modern Indonesia (Honolulu: University of Hawai Press, 2008)
B.F Intan, Publik Religion and the Pancasila Based State of Indonesia; an Etichal and Sociological Analysis (New York; American University Studies, 2006)
Bernard Adeney – Risakotta, “Ambivalensi Teknologi”, dalam Zainal Abidin Bagir, dkk., Ilmu, Etika dan Agama, (Yogyakarta: CRCS Sekolah Pascasarjana UGM, 2006), hlm. 205
C.Y Glock and R. Stark, American Piety: The Nature of Religius Commitment, (New York: Mac-Millan,1968)
Charis Barker, Cultural Studies; Teori danPraktik (Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana, 2000)
Christian R. Weisser, Moving Beyond Academic Discoursus: Composition and the Public Sphere (Illinois: Southern Illinois University, 2002)
Dadang Kahmad, Sosiologi Agama, (Bandung: Rosdakarya, 2000)
Dale F Eickelman and James Piscatory, Politik Muslim; Wacana Kekuasaan dan Hegemoni Dalam Masyarakat Muslim (Yogyakarta; Tiara Wacana, 2009)
Dale F. Eickelman and Armando Salvatore, “The Publik Sphere and Muslim Societies,” European Journal of Sociology, No. 1 (2002)
Dale F. Eickelman, “The Religious Publik Sphere In Early Muslim Societies”, in Miriam Hoexter, ed., The Publik Sphere in Muslim Societies, (New York: State University Of New York Press, 2008)
Daniel L. Pals, Seven Theories of Religion, terj InyakRidwanMuzir (Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2012)
Dudung Abdurrahman, “Peradaban Islam Masa Umawiyah TImur” dalam Sejarah Peradaban Islam Dari Masa Klasik Hingga Modern, (Yogyakarta, LESFI, 2012)
Eduardo Mendieta And Jonathan Vanantwerpen, ed., “The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere”, in Judith Butle, The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere (Colombia: Colombia University Press, 2011)
Elisabeth K. Nottingham, AgamadanMasyarakat, terj AM Naharong (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 1997)
Elisabeth K. Nottingham, AgamadanMasyarakat, terj AM Naharong (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 1997)
ElliotCharlotte, et all. Hate Speech, (Leeds: Mecodem, 2016)
Elvira Kamiskaya, Hate Speech: Theory and Issues.http:iseees.berkeley.edu/ diakses pada 2 September 2018
Enny Yusalia, “”Daulah Umayyah, Ekspansi dan Sistem Pemerintahan Monarchiheridetis:, Jurnal Wardah. No. 25, (Desember 2012)
F. Budi Hardiman, Demokrasi Deliberatif: Menimbang Negara Hukum dan Ruang Publik Dalam Teori Diskursus Jurgen Habermas (Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius, 2008)
Henri L. Tischler, Introduction to Sociologi, (Chicago: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1990)
Husein Muhammad dan Siti Aminah, Menangkal Siaran Kebencian: Perspektif Islam (Cirebon: Fahmina Institute, 2017)
Isyatul Mardiyati, Fenomena Hate Speech di Sosial Media Dalam Perspektif Psikologi Islam, Jurnal At-Turats, Vol. 11 No. 1 (2017)
J Wach, Sociology of Religion, (Chicago: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1943).
JB. Banawiratma, etc., Dialog Antar Umat Beragama; Gagasan dan Praktik di Indonesia (Bandung: Penerbit Mizan, 2010)
Jim McGuigan, Culture and the Publik Sphere (New York: Rounladge 1996)
John Rawls, Theory of Justice (Oxford : Oxford University Press, tt)
Jurgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, trans. Thomas Burger (Combridge: The M. IT Press, 1991
Luthfi Assyaukanie, Ideologi Islam dan Utopia: Tiga Model Negara Demokrasi di Indonesia (Jakarta: Freedom Institute, 2011)
M Choirul Anam& Hafiz, Muhammad. “Surat Edaran Kapolri Tentang Penanganan Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech) dalam Kerangka Hak Asasi Manusia”, Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, Vol. 1, No. 3, (2015)
M. Quraish Shihab, Membaca Sirah Nabi Muhammad Saw dalam Sorotan Al Qur’an dan Hadits-Hadits Shahih, (Tangerang, Lentera Hati, 2011)
Meir Hatina, Ulama, Politic And Public Sphere: An Egyptian Perspective (Utah: The University of Utah Press, 2010)
Muhammad bin Isa At Turmudzi, Syarh Syamail al Nabi, (Riyadl, Maktabah al Mulk Fahad, 2014)
Muhammad Qosim Zaman, “The Ulama of Contemporary Islam and Their Conceptions of the Common Good”, in Publik Islam and the Common Good, (ed.) Armando Salvatore and Dale F. Eickelman (Leiden: BRILL, 2004)
Peter L. Berger, Langit Suci. Agama Sebagai Realitas, (Jakarta: LP3ES, 1991)
Peter L. Berger, The Social Reality of Religion, London, 1969.
R.Soesilo, KitabUndang-UndangHukumPidana SertaKomentar LengkapPasal demi Pasal, (Bogor, Politea; 1991)
Robert W. Hafner, Islam Pasar Keadilan: Artikulasi Lokal, Kapitalisme dan Demokrasi (Yogyakarta: LKIS, 2000)
Ummi Kulsum, Peradaban Islam Masa Khulafa’ al Rasidun dalam Sejarah Peradaban Islam Dari Masa Klasik Hingga Modern, (Yogyakarta, LESFI, 2012)
Yahya bin Syaraf An Nawawi, Al Minhaj Syarhu Sahihi Muslim ibni al Hajjaj, (Beirut, Dar Ihyai al Turats, 1392 H.) vol. 2
Yudhi Latief, Negara Paripurna, Historisitas, Rasionalitas dan Aktualitas Pancasila (Jakarta: Penerbit Gramedia, 2011)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
