Mechanization of Islamic moderation da’wah in the Nahdlatul Ulama pesantren tradition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/jid.v41.1.7134Keywords:
Pesantren, Kyai, Santri, Education, Islamic ModerationAbstract
Pesantren (madrassah) is Indonesia's oldest educational institution; it is through pesantren (madrassah) that the country's national educational system was formed, and despite the rapid changes in society, pesantren has managed to keep its characteristics. The kyai, santri, mosque, and classical reference books are at least three key parts of pesantren culture (Kitab Kuning). Pesantren play a critical role in distributing Islamic moderation in the society to maintain community resilience, since the tendency of social religiosity in today's Indonesian culture has reached into religious conservatism to some extent. The objective of this research is to describe pesantren elements (Kyai, Santri, Masjid, and Kitab Kuning) are engaged in producing religious moderation character-building approaches and patterns. This research examines five renowned Nahdhatul Ulama pesantren in Central and East Java using a qualitative methodology. According to results this study that based on in-depth observations, documentation, and observation of the pesantren environment under independent investigation, as well as interviews with pesantren leaders (kyai) and other informants who are fully acquainted with the pesantren under research. The Pesantren-Islamic boarding school-style integrated education system and the classical halaqah system, according to the findings of this study, became an integrated and complementary educational system, preparing social cadre with an understanding of religious moderation, which was actualized in the form of national commitment, religious tolerance, anti-violence da'wah, and accommodative behavior to local culture. The results of this study can be implemented that the four elements of pesantren can be used as a strategy in strengthening the values of islamic moderation not limited to the pesantren but extended to the scope of national life.
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Pesantren adalah lembaga pendidikan tertua di Indonesia; Dari pesantren (madrasah) perkembangan sistem pendidikan nasional di Indonesia terbangun, meski terjadi perubahan masyarakat yang dinamis, pesantren tetap mampu mempertahankan ciri khasnya. Setidaknya ada tiga unsur penting dalam budaya pesantren, yaitu kyai, santri, masjid, dan kitab klasik (kitab kuning). Tren religiusitas sosial dalam masyarakat Indonesia saat ini - sampai batas tertentu - telah menunjukkan gejala ke arah konservatisme agama, oleh karena itu pesantren memainkan peran krusialnya dalam mensosialisasikan diskursus moderasi Islam di masyarakat untuk membentengi sekaligus membangun resiliensi sosial dari arus konservatisme agama yang ekstrem. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan elemen pesantren (Kyai, Santri, Masjid, dan Kitab Kuning) yang digunakan dalam mengembangkan strategi dan pola pembentukan karakter moderasi beragama. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif fenomenologis dengan melihat lima pesantren ikonic Nahdhatul Ulama di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Berdasarkan hasil observasi mendalam dengan mendokumentasikan dan mengamati lingkungan pesantren melalui inkuiri independen, serta wawancara mendalam dengan beberapa informan yang benar-benar mengenal pesantren yang menjadi objek kajian. Selanjutnya temuan penelitian ini, sistem pendidikan terpadu ala pesantren dan sistem halaqah klasik-sistem pendidikan terpadu dan komplementer pesantren- telah mampu mempersiapkan kader masyarakat yang memahami moderasi beragama, yang diaktualisasikan dalam bentuk komitmen kebangsaan, toleransi beragama, dakwah tanpa kekerasan, dan perilaku akomodatif terhadap budaya lokal. Hasil kajian ini dapat diimplementasikan bahwa empat elemen pesantren dapat dijadikan strategi dalam memperkuat nilai-nilai moderasi beragama tidak terbatas pada lingkungan pesantren tapi diperluas pada lingkup kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.
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