MUHAMMADIYAH’S UṢŪL AL-FIQH IN DETERMINING THE BEGINNING OF RAMAḌȂN AND SYAWWȂL MONTHS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/ihya.27.2.29716Keywords:
Muhammadiyah’s Uṣūl al-Fiqh, Determination of Ramadan and Shawwal, Hisab vs. Ru’yah, a compilation of Islamic law, Wujūd al-Hilāl and the Unified Global Hijri Calendar (UGHC), Manhaj Tarjih MethodologyAbstract
The different determination of the beginning of Ramaḍȃn and Syawwȃl by Muhammadiyah whis is frequently different from that by The Government has spark heat debat in Indonesian society. The difference stems from criteria used by both Muhammadiyah and Indonesian Government. Muhammadiyah emphasizes the use of the hisȃb as solely media for determining the coming of new Hegira month, while Indonesian government sticks on imkȃn al-ru‘ya, a mix between hisȃb and ru’ya. As a renewal Islamic organization, Muhammadiyah do not belong to any traditional Islamic schools of law, rather it refers directly to Quran and prophet tradition. The use hisȃb, however, is not explicitly stated by both sources, but it is inferred from various Quranic verses. This study aims to describe the uṣūl al-fiqh of Muhammadiyah and and to reveal the use of it in validating the criteria for determining the coming of Ramaḍȃn dan Syawwȃl months. The article is based on qualitative research from interview and literary sources. Data analysis was carried out through data condensation, data display and drawing conclusions and verification. This study shows that the uṣūl al-fiqh of Muhammadiyah is contained in and is part of the Manhaj Tarjih. Manhaj Tarjih is not a configuration of uṣūl al-fiqh rather a religious perspective of Muhammadiyah to deal with religious issues. Uṣūl al-fiqh of Muhammadiyah has not been completely structured, but several basic elements of uṣūl al-fiqh are already in it. The use of hisȃb by Muhammadiyah, both in wujūd al-hilȃl approach or the Integrated Global Hijri Calendar is based on the verses of the Qur'an, the scrutiny of ‘illa (ratio legis/ legal reason) of ḥadīṡ on ru‘ya and the application of uṣūl al-fiqh principles of deductions. The uṣūl al-fiqh employed by Muhammadiyah ini the determination of the coming of Ramaḍȃn and Syawwȃl are based on conventional uṣūl al-fiqh principles, but it chooses specific principles that that allow for adjustments to determine the beginning of Ramaḍȃn and Syawwȃl.
Downloads
References
Abbas, Afif Fauzi. 2012. Integrasi Pendekatan Bayânî, Burhânî, dan ‘Irfani dalam Ijtihad Muhammadiyah. Ahkam, Vol. 12 (1 Januari): 51-58. DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v12i1.979
‘Abduh, Muhammad dan Muhammad Rasyīd Riḍȃ. 1394 H., Tafsīr al-Qur’an al-Hakim (al-Manȃr). Jilid 11. Mesir: Percetakan al-Manȃr
Abdurrahman, Asmuni. 1995. Manhaj Tarjih Muhammadiyah, Methodologi dan Aplikasi. (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar
Anwar, Syamsul. 2018. Manhaj Tarjih Muhammadiyah. Yogyakarta: Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah
Anwar, Syamsul. 2024. Tentang Kalender Hijriah Global Tunggal (KHGT). https://www.suaramuhammadiyah.id/read/tentang-kalender-hijriah-global-tunggal-khgthttps://www.suaramuhammadiyah.id/read/tentang-kalender-hijriah-global-tunggal-khgt. Unudh 22 November 2024.
Anwar, Syamsul; Oman Fathurahman, dan Muhammad Rofiq. 2016. Paham Hisȃb Muhammadiyah dan Tuntunan Ibdah Bulan Ramadan. Yogyakarta: Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah bekerjasama dengan LLPPI-UMY
Arriza, Muhammad Rifqi. 2018. Teks dan Konteks Ayat-Ayat Hisȃb Muhammadiyah. Al-Marshad. Vol. 4 (2): 212-226 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/jam.v4i2.2480
Azhari, Susiknan. 2015. Gagasan Menyatukan Umat Islam Indonesia Melalui Kalender Islam. Ahkam, Vol. XV, No. 2 (Juli): 249-258. DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2869
Djamaludin, Thomas. 2011. Wujūd al-hilȃl Yang Usang Dan Jadi Pemecah Belah Ummat Harus Diperbarui. https://tdjamaluddin.com/2011/09/05/wujudul-hilȃl-yang-usang-dan-jadi-pemecah-belah-ummat-harus-diperbarui/ Unduh. 17 November 2024
Djamil, Fathurahman. 1995. Metode Ijtihad Majlis Tarjih Muhammadiyah. Jakarta: Logos Publishing House
Fanani, Ahwan; Achmad Irwan Hamzani, Nur Khasanah, Aji Sofanudin. 2021. Muhammadiyah’s Manhaj Tarjih: An Evolution of a Modernist Approach to Islamic Jurisprudence in Indonesia, HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies Vol 77 (4): 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v77i4.6371
Firdaus, Amir Syarifuddin, dan Zulkarnaini. 2022. Penentuan Awal Bulan Qamariyah menurut Al-Quran dan Sunnah (Analisis terhadap Ormas dan Pemerintah), Jurnal Kajian dan Pengembangan Umat. Vol. 5 (1): 11-21.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31869/jkpu.v5i1.3190
Ghazȃlī, Abū Ḥȃmid al-. 2000. Al-Mustaṣfȃ fī ‘Ilm al-Uṣūl. Beirut: Dȃr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah
Hakim, Abdul Hamid. T.Th. al-Bayan. Jakarta: Penerbit Sa’adiyah Putra
Hasabullah, Ali. 1997.Uṣūl al-Tasyrī‘ al-Islȃmī. Kairo: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi
Hefni, Wildani. 2019. “Ideological Political Contestation in the Discourse of Hisȃb Ru‘ya in Indonesia”. Jurnal Penelitian. Vol. 16 (1): 79-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28918/jupe.v16i1.1826
Hidayat, Muhammad; Arwin Juli Rakhmadi, Abu Yazid Raisal, Alfath Khair, dan Restu Hasan Siregar. 2024. Peningkatan Pemahaman Kalender Hijriyya Global Tunggal kepada Warga Muhammadiyah Cabang Medan Helvitia. Iihsan, Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat. Vol. 6 (1, April): 86-92. Doi: 10.30596/ihsan.v%vi%i.19118
Imron, Ali. 2014. Pemaknaan hadis-Hadis Hisȃb-Rukyat Muhammadiyah dan Kontroversi yang Melingkupinya. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu al-Quran dan Hadis Vol. 15 (1, Januari): 1-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.2014.1501-01
Imron, Ali; Syamsul Hadi; Syamsul Anwar, Agung Danarto. 2015. Dari Muhlal hingga Muhrabi, Tipologi Pemikiran Hadits Hisȃb-Ru‘ya di Kalangan Muhammadiyah. al-Ihkam, Vol. 10 (2, Desember): 338-358. DOI. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v10i2.733
Jȃbirī, Muhammad ‘Ȃbid al-. 1993. Bunyah al-‘Aql al-‘Arabī: Dirȃsah Tahlīliyyah Naqdiyyah li Nuzm al-Ma‘rifah fi al- Ṡaqȃfa al-‘Arabiyya. Beirut: Markaz al-Ṡaqafī al-‘Arabī
Khallȃf, ‘Abdul Wahhȃb. 1978. ‘Ilm uṣūl al-Fiqh. Kuwait: Dȃr al-Qalȃm. 1978
Maskufa. 2016. “Hisȃb Wujud al-Hilȃl sebagai Politik Identitas Muhammadiyah dalam Diskursus Hisȃb Ru‘ya di Indonesia.” Indo-Islamika, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Juli-Desember): 184-202
Miles, Mathhew B; A Michael Huberman, and Johnny Saldana. 2014. Qualitative Data Analysis, A. Methods Sourcebook.California: Sage Publications.
Misruki, Kurniati and Lomba Sultan. 2022. Aktualisasi Ta’aqqulī Dan Ta’abbudī Dalam Penentuan Batasan Hukum Islam. Shar-E. Vol. 8 (2): 202-209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37567/shar-e.v8i2.1563
Muhammadiyah, Pimpinan Pusat, Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid. 2015. Unifikasi Kalender Hijriyya. Jakarta: Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid PP Muhammadiyah
Muhammadiyah, Pimpinan Pusat, Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid. 2016. Paham Hisȃb Muhammadiyah dan Tuntutan Ibadah Bulan Ramaḍȃn. Yogyakarta: Lembaga Pengkajian dan Pengamalan Islam Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Muhammadiyah, Pimpinan Pusat, Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid. 2018. Himpunan Putusan Tarjih Muhammadiyah 3. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Suara Muammadiyah
Muhammadiyah, Pimpinan Pusat, Tim Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid. 2009. Pedoman Hisȃb Muhammadiyah. Yogyakarta: Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah
Muhammadiyah, Pimpinan Pusat. 2014. Tanfidz Keputusan Musyawarah Nasional Tarjih ke-27 di Malang Jawa Timur 16 s.d 19 Rabul Akhir 1431 H/ 1 sd. 4 April 2010. Yogyakarta: Percetakan Gramasurya
Muhammadiyah, Pimpinan Pusat. 2023. Risalah Islam Berkemajuan. Yogyakarta: Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah dan PT Gramasurya
Muhammadiyah. Pimpinan Pusat. 2011. Himpunan Putusan Majlis Tarjih Muhammadiyah. Yogyakarta: Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah. Yogyakarta: Suara Muhammadiyah
Mushonnif, Ahmad. 2020. Model Penafsiran Mainstream dan Non-Mainstream (Tinjauan atas Penafsiran Ayat dan Hadis Hisȃb Ru’yah. Inovatif. Vol. 6 (1): 164-182. Prefix DOI:10.55148
Muslim, Rifki; Moh. Fadllur Rohman Karim, Kusdiyana. 2023. Hisȃb-Ru‘yat dalam Kajian Ta’abudi dan Ta’aquli. Mahkamah: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam. Vol. 8 (2 Desember): 224-233. DOI:10.30603/jiaj.v7i1.2546
Nadwī, ‘Alī Ahmad al-. 1991. al-Qawȃ‘id al-Fiqhiyyah: Mafhūmuhȃ, Nasy’atuhȃ, Taṭawwurūhȃ, Dirȃsah Muallafȃtuhȃ, Adillatūhȃ, Muhimmatūhȃ, Taṭbīqūhȃ. Damaskus: Dȃr al-Qalȃm
Rahman, Fazlur. 1982. Islam and Modernity, Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press
Rohmat. 2014. Penentuan Awal Bulan Qamariyah menurut Muhammadiyah. Ijtimaiyya, Vol. 7 (1, Februari): 127-145. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ijpmi.v7i1.921
Rusyd, Ibnu. 2005. Bidȃya al-Mujtahid wa Nihȃya al-Muqtaṣid. Beirut: Dȃr al-‘Aṣȃmah
Syȃkir, Ahmad Muhammad. 1407 H. Awȃ’il al-Syuhūr al-‘Arabiyyah Hal Yajūzu Syar‘an: Iṡbȃtuhȃ bi al-Hisȃb al-Falaqī. Kairo: Maktabah Ibnu Taimiyah. Cet. II
Warsidi, Slamet. 1991. “Fiqh Indonesia: Tradisi Ijtihad dalam Muhammadiyah.” Dalam Ari Anshori dan Slamet Warsidi (Penyunting). Fiqh Indonesia dalam Tantangan. Surakarta: FAI UMS
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
By submitting an article to the journal, the author(s) agree to transfer the published article's copyright to the journal, which will act as the publisher. This means the journal will have the right to publish the article in various forms, including reprints. The journal will maintain the publishing rights to the published articles.
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
In line with the license, authors and third parties (readers, researchers, and others) are allowed to share and adapt the material. In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicated if changes were made. If authors remix, transform or build upon the material, authors must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original.
