PhD, Senior Lecturer at Paramadina Graduate School, University of Paramadina, Jakarta - Indonesia
From Uyghur Muslims in China to the Uyghur Diaspora in Southeast Asia: A Political Reflection
This article discusses the problems of the Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang, People's Republic of China, who have experienced mistreatment and violence from the communist regimes of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Zhu Rongji, and Xi Jinping. Despite facing this treatment, the Uyghur Muslim minority has received criticism and negative labels for their resistance. The world community has also shown little attention to the Uyghur issue. This article aims to reveal the dynamics among Uyghur Muslims as they shift from nationalistic interests to their participation in acts of terrorism. This article uses a descriptive-analytical qualitative method based on data obtained from interviews, documents and literature studies. This article also explores the novelty of this topic by discussing the impact and implications of Uyghur Muslim involvement in global jihadist groups. For example, this article shows that thousands of Uyghur Muslims have become diasporas in other countries (Turkey, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Middle East, Southeast Asia, etc.) seeking solutions to their problems, while being in a difficult and disadvantageous position . This article also explores the magnitude and extent of the activities and presence of Uyghur Muslims in Indonesia, such as in Aceh, Jakarta and Papua.
Keywords: Diaspora, Nationalism, Uyghur Muslim, Southeast Asia, Terrorism, ETIM
- Anderson, Barbara A. & Silver, Brian D, ‘’Ethnic Differences in Fertility and Sex Ratios at Birth in China: Evidence from Xinjiang’’. Population Studies. Vol. 49, No. 2. Juli. 1995 pp. 211-226.
- Adrien Morin (Is China’s Counterterrorism Policy in Xinjiang Working? The Diplomat. February 23, 2017)
- Andrew Mumford, Theory-Testing Uyghur Terrorism in China Oktober 2018, Vol.2, Issue
- Alwi Alatas , Pergolakan Muslim Uyghur di Xinjiang dan Kebijakan Pemerintah China https://www.hidayatullah.com/kajian/sejarah/read/2018/12/31/157460/pergolakan-muslim-Uyghur-di-xinjiang-dan-kebijakan-pemerintah-china.html.
- Boehm, Dana Carver. (2009). China’s Failed War on Terror: Fanning the Flames of Uyghur Separatist Violence, Berkeley Journal of Middle Eastern & Islamic Law. Vol. 2. pp. 61-124.
- Darren Byler dan Timothy Grose, China’s Surveillance Laboratory , Dissent, October 31, 2018
- Nicolas Becquelin, Xinjiang in the Nineties. The China Journal, No. 44, Juli 2000.
- Sarmad Ishfaq, The Sinicization and Suppression of China’s Muslim Uyghurs, Nov 23, 2018 https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2018/11/23/the-sinicization-and-suppression-of-chinas-muslim-uyghurs/.
- Thierry Kellner, China: The Uyghur Situation from Independence for the Central Asian Republics to the Post 11 September Era. UNHCR Emergency & Security Service, WRITENET Paper No. 2/2002.
- Freeberne, Michael, Demographic and Economic Changes in the Singkiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Population Studies, Vol. 20, No. 1. Juli 1966, pp 103-124.
- Haas, Benjamin. (2017). Howell, Anthony & Fan, C. Cindy. (2011). Migration and Inequality in Xinjiang: A Survey of Han and Uyghur Migrants in Urumqi. Eurasian Geography and Economics. Vol. 52, No. 1. pp. 119-139.
- Davis, Elizabeth Van Wie, Uyghur Muslim Ethnic Separatism in Xinjiang, China. Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, Januari 2008.
- Zhao, Tong, Social Cohesion and Islamic Radicalization: Implications from the Uyghur Insurgency. Journal of Strategic Security. Vol. 3, No. 3. 2010 pp. 39-52.
- Zachary Abuza, The Uyghurs and China’s Regional Counter-Terrorism Efforts, https://jamestown.org/program/the-Uyghurs-and-chinas-regional-counter-terrorism-efforts/ accessed 11/1/2019.
- Media Online/newspaper:
- al-Jazeera, 12 Desember 2014;
- al-Jazeera, 12 Maret;
- al-Jazeera, 1 April).
- al-Jazeera, 13 Maret 2016
- al-Jazeera, 24 Desember 2014
- china.org.cn/english/MATERIAL/139230.htm
- The Star, [Malaysia], 4 Oktober 2014
- https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2016/04/160427_indonesia_santoso_Uyghur_sisa, diakses 4/6/2019
- https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20181226150942-113-356487/Uyghur-dan-dugaan-penindasan-china-pada-2018 diakses 4/6/2019 pukul 22.00
- Interview
- Interviews with Uyghur Muslims in Kabul, Afghanistan January 11, 2017 and Frankfurt, Germany, February 22
- Interview with Chirstian and Muslim activists in Poso, Central Sulawesi November-Desember 2018
- Interview/Talks with Vice President M. Jusuf Kalla, Jakarta, Kamis 20 Desember 2018.
- Interviews with Uyghur Muslims in Frankfurt, Germany February 22, 2018.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.