A PRISMA Systematic Review of Waqf Research (2019–2023): Global Trends and Methodological Insights
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2025.35.2.26199Keywords:
bibliometric review, Islamic social finance, PRISMA, waqfAbstract
The global importance of waqf in mitigating economic crises has been widely acknowledged, leading to a growing number of literature reviews in the field. This research is significant as it serves as a reference for scholars in waqf studies. This review analyzes waqf literature from 2019 to 2023 using the Scopus database. Utilizing the PRISMA framework as a methodology, the study initially identified 1153 articles, reducing this to 208 after applying specific filters. The findings highlight key elements of the literature on waqf, including theoretical frameworks, regional focus, and key findings and propositions. A key finding is the geographical focus of waqf research on Malaysia and Indonesia, the prevalence of case studies as a methodology, and the direction of future research agendas towards enhancing governance practices, leveraging technology, and pursuing legal reforms. The results of this review not only demonstrate what is already known but also highlight areas that remain underexplored. Therefore, the recommendations presented are formulated based on these findings to encourage more focused and relevant further research.
Downloads
References
Ab Shatar, Wan Nuraihan, Jalal Rajeh Hanaysha, and Putri Rozita Tahir. “Determinants of Cash Waqf Fund Collection in Malaysian Islamic Banking Institutions: Empirical Insights from Employees’ Perspectives.” ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 13, no. 2 (2021): 177–93. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-06-2020-0126.
Abdullah, Mohammad. “Classical Waqf, Juristic Analogy and Framework of Awqāf Doctrines.” ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 12, no. 2 (2020): 281–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-07-2019-0102.
Ahmad, Mahadi. “An Empirical Study of the Challenges Facing Zakat and Waqf Institutions in Northern Nigeria.” ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 11, no. 2 (December 2019): 338–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-04-2018-0044.
Aldeen, Khaled Nour. “40-Year Bibliometric Analysis of Waqf: Its Current Status and Development, and Paths for Future Research.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 7, no. 1 (2021): 181–200. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v7i1.1308.
Anam, Muhammad Syariful, Rasikh Saifan Ahmad, Reza Awaliah Ali, and Rina Rosia. “Waqf and Environment: A Bibliometric Analysis.” Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business 7, no. 2 (September 2022): 201–2018. https://doi.org/10.22515/shirkah.v7i2.480.
Asmara, Teguh Tresna Puja, and Lastuti Abubakar. “Juridical Study on the Optimization of Cash Waqf Management by Islamic Bank in Indonesia.” Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 6, no. 3 (2019): 427–45. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n3.a1.
Bello, Lawan, and Mohamed Aslam Haneef. “Trends and Contributions in Islamic Economics Research: A Decade Bibliometric Analysis of Four Journals in Scopus Database.” Journal of King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics 35, no. 2 (July 2022): 3–20. https://doi.org/10.4197/Islec.35-2.1.
Bintarto, Muhammad Al Ikhwan, Yudi Setiawan, Muhammad Uwais Alqarni, and Faishal Hilmi. “Zakah and Waqf for Cryptocurrency in Islamic Law.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (May 2022): 21–38. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i1.4229.
Bulut, Mehmet, Bora Altay, and Cem Korkut. Islamic Financial Institutions from the Early Modern Period to the 20th Century: Comparative Perspectives on the History and Development of Cash Waqfs. 1st ed. Cham: The Palgrave Macmillan, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51318-3.
Eficandra, Eficandra. “The Reconstruction of High-Inherited Wealth in Minangkabau through Cash Waqf Movement.” Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah 21, no. 1 (2022): 121–33. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i1.5850.
Gündoğdu, Ahmet Şuayb. “Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf.” Darulfunun Ilahiyat 30, no. 1 (2019): 49–64. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005.
Hakim, Muhammad Lutfi. “Waqf Information System (Siwak) and Problems of Its Application: The Case on Kantor Urusan Agama Sui Raya, Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan.” Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 20, no. 2 (December 2020): 181–95. https://doi.org/10.30631/al-risalah.v20i2.603.
Haryanto, Rudy, Lailatul Maufiroh, and Sulaiman Hasan Sulaiman. “Waqf Land in Madura; Its Management and Typical Dispute Resolution.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial 18, no. 2 (2023): 496–518. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v18i2.7570.
Hasan, Hazriah, Ismail Ahmad, and Nur Aisyah Ghazali. “Comparative Analysis of Waqf Generosity Index (WGI) in Generation Y and Z.” Research in World Economy 10, no. 2 Special Issue (2019): 26–29. https://doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v10n2p26.
Hassan, M. Kabir, Nurul Meirama Irsyan, and Aishath Muneeza. “The Potential of Waqf-Blended Finance Using Crowdfunding in Indonesia.” International Journal of Islamic Thought 24, no. 1 (December 2023): 72–99. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.24.2023.271.
Hassan, Mohd Arif Mat, Anuar Alias, Siti Mashitoh Mahamood, and Feroz De Costa. “Waqf Land Development Approaches and Practices in the State Islamic Religious Councils.” Planning Malaysia Journal 19, no. 3 (2021): 317–25. https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v19i17.1009.
Hosen, Muhamad Nadratuzzaman, Agung Maulana, Muhammad Zaid Farhand, and Muhammad Fudhail Rahman. “Evaluating the Fundraising Process of the World’s First Cash Waqf -Linked Sukuk in Indonesia.” QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies) 10, no. 1 (2022): 175–214. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v10i1.8161.
Hossain, Basharat. “Islamic Microfinance and Rehabilitation Model for the Slum and Floating Population by Waqf Funds, the Case of Bangladesh: A Proposal for Muslim Countries.” Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics 32, no. 2 (July 2019): 139–60. https://doi.org/10.4197/Islec.32-2.11.
Ibrahim, Siti Sara, Dalila Daud, Nurazilah Zainal, Abd Halim Mohd Noor, and Irfan Syauqi Beik. “Urgency in Waqf-Microfinance Project Collaboration for Socioeconomic Growth and the Mediating Effect of Sustainability Using PLS-SEM Analysis.” Studies of Applied Economics 39, no. 10 (2021). https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i10.5569.
Iskandar, Azwar, Bayu Taufiq Possumah, Khaerul Aqbar, and Akhmad Hanafi Dain Yunta. “Islamic Philanthropy and Poverty Reduction in Indonesia: The Role of Integrated Islamic Social and Commercial Finance Institutions.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial 16, no. 2 (2021): 274–301. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v16i2.5026.
Ismal, Rifki. “Identifying the Optimal Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk: Indonesian Experience.” Hamdard Islamicus 45, no. 3 (2022): 9–27. https://doi.org/10.57144/hi.v45i3.500.
Jouti, Ahmed Tahiri. “An Integrated Approach for Building Sustainable Islamic Social Finance Ecosystems.” ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 11, no. 2 (2019): 246–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-10-2018-0118.
Justine, Nurul Izzati Binti, and Mohamad Isa Abd Jalil. “Repeated Giving of Cash Waqf: A Case Study of Sabah, Malaysia.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 8 (2022): 107–24. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v8i0.1448.
Kamarzaman, Norshahira, Azlin Alisa Ahmad, and Mohd Zamro Muda. “Utilizing Waqf in Enhancing Islamic Finance Contributions for Overcoming Research and Innovation Funding Challenges in TVET Education Sector.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 9, no. 1 (March 2025): 178–203. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v9i1.26381.
Khairuddin, Nur Khairina, and Muhammad Shahrul Ifwat Ishak. “Islamic Crowdfunding Model for Empowering Student Entrepreneurship Program in Malaysia.” International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting 16, no. 1 (2023): 56–65. https://doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v16i1.889.
Khan, Tariqullah. “Venture Waqf in a Circular Economy.” ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 11, no. 2 (2019): 187–205. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-12-2018-0138.
Laallam, Abdelkader, Salina Kassim, Engku Rabiah Adawiah bt Engku Ali, and Buerhan Saiti. “Waqf in Algeria: Its Historical Exploration from Ottoman to Post-Independence Era.” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 11, no. 1 (2021): 2520–0313. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.111.08.
Laallam, Abdelkader, Salina Kassim, Engku Rabiah Adawiah Engku Ali, and Buerhan Saiti. “Intellectual Capital in Non-Profit Organisations: Lessons Learnt for Waqf Institutions.” ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 12, no. 1 (2020): 27–48. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-10-2018-0111.
Madni, Hafiz Hassan. “Waqf Properties Act 2020 and the Constitution of Pakistan: A Critical Study.” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 12, no. 1 (2022): 322–32. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.121.20.
Mahrus, Moh. “Settlement of Waqf Disputes and Its Asset Protection in East Java, Indonesia.” Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam 20, no. 2 (2021): 357–91. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v20i2.3833.
Majid, Rifaldi, and Raditya Sukmana. “Designing A Waqf-Based Agricultural Financing Model.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 9, no. 3 (2023): 443–64. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v9i3.1686.
Al-Maqdisī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad. Al-Muqniʿ Fī Fiqh Al-Imām Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal Al-Shaybānī. Edited by al-Arnaʾūṭ Maḥmūd and al-Khaṭīb Yāsīn Maḥmūd. 1st ed. Saudi Arabia: Maktabat al-Sawādī li-l-Tawzī, 2000.
Mohaiyadin, Norlaila Mazura Hj., Aini Aman, Mohd Rizal Palil, and Suzana Muhamad Said. “Addressing Accountability and Transparency Challenges in Waqf Management Using Blockchain Technology.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 8 (2022): 53–80. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v8i0.1413.
Mutalib, Raja Aishah binti Raja Adnan, Mahazan Abdul Mutalib, and Muhammad Ridhwan Ab Aziz. “Factors Necessary for Effective Corporate Waqf Management for Malaysian Public Healthcare.” ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 14, no. 1 (2022): 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-11-2019-0178.
Nurjanah, Nurjanah, Rahmatsyah Rahmatsyah, and Ali Mutakin. “Fatwa Lajnah Bahtsul Masail NU Concerning Istibdâl Wakaf and Their Relevance with Renewal of Islamic Law.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 7, no. 2 (2022): 523–46. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i2.3707.
Orbay, Kayhan. “‘They Left Behind Institutions in Financial Jeopardy’: Central Anatolian Waqfs in the Wake of the Great Flight.” Radovi Zavoda Za Hrvatsku Povijest 51, no. 1 (2019): 103–16. https://doi.org/10.17234/RadoviZHP.51.2.
Page, Matthew J., Joanne E. McKenzie, Patrick M. Bossuyt, Isabelle Boutron, Tammy C. Hoffmann, Cynthia D. Mulrow, Larissa Shamseer, et al. “The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews.” Bmj 372, no. 71 (2021): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.
Al-Qazwīnī, Aḥmad ibn Fāris ibn Zakariyyā. Muʿjam Maqāyīs Al-Lugha. Edited by ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1979.
Rasiam, Rasiam, Umiyati Umiyati, Habibullah Habibullah, Dimas Kenn Syahrir, and Muhammad Said. “Integration of New Media and Prophetic Communication Enhanced for Zakah, Infāq, Ṣadaqah, and Waqf Fundraising: A Case Study of Baitulmaal Munzalan Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Law 4, no. 1 (2023): 28–46. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v4i1.1167.
Rochani, Agus, Nany Yuliastuti, and Budi Sudarwanto. “The Existence of Waqf in Establishing a Sustainable Communal Space.” Journal of Islamic Architecture 7, no. 1 (2022): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i1.15310.
Rusydiana, Aam Slamet, Raditya Sukmana, and Nisful Laila. “Measuring the Efficiency of Waqf Fund in Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 8 (2022): 153–74. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v8i0.1650.
Saad, Abdo Yousef Qaid, Mustafa Omar Mohammed, Ibrahim Al-Jubari, and Forbis Ahamed. “The Prospect of Waqf in Financing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Yemen.” QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies) 10, no. 2 (2022): 381–414. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v10i2.9689.
Sapuan, Noraina Mazuin, and Nur Azni Mohd Zeni. “The Determinants of Waqf Sustainability in Malaysia: A PLS-SEM Analysis.” International Journal of Business and Society 22, no. 1 (2021): 102–18. https://doi.org/10.33736/IJBS.3164.2021.
Sharip, Sharfizie Mohd, Dalila Daud, Nor’ Azurah Md Kamdari, Siti Sara Ibrahim, Marinah Awang, and Ramlee Ismail. “Rahmah among Muslim Leaders: The Case of Waqf Institutions.” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 13, no. 2 (2023): 242–57. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.132.16.
Soemitra, Andri, Kusmilawaty Kusmilawaty, and Tri Inda Fadhila Rahma. “The Role of Micro Waqf Bank in Women’s Micro-Business Empowerment through Islamic Social Finance: Mixed-Method Evidence from Mawaridussalam Indonesia.” Economies 10, no. 7 (2022): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10070157.
Suhaimi, Farhana Mohamad, and Ahmad Fatin Mohamad Suhaimi. “Development of Waqf Land for Economic Development: Is a Hotel a Viable Project?” Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law 8, no. 1 (2020): 25–32. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.v8i1.190.
Sulaiman, Syahnaz, Aznan Hasan, Azman Mohd Noor, Muhd Issyam Ismail, and Nazrul Hazizi Noordin. “Proposed Models for Unit Trust Waqf and the Parameters for Their Application.” ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 11, no. 1 (2019): 62–81. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-02-2018-0019.
Thaker, Mohamed Asmy Mohd Thas, Md Fouad Amin, Hassanudin Mohd Thas Thaker, Ahmad Khaliq, and Anwar Allah Pitchay. “Cash Waqf Model for Micro Enterprises’ Human Capital Development.” ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 13, no. 1 (2020): 66–83. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-08-2018-0091.
Wahab, Norazlina Abd., Selamah Maamor, Zairy Zainol, Suraiya Hashim, and Kamarul Azman Mustapha Kamal. “Developing Best Practices of Islamic Estate Planning: A Construction Based on the Perspectives of Individuals and Estate Planning Providers.” ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 13, no. 2 (2021): 211–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-03-2020-0052.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Al-Ahkam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
By submitting an article to the journal, the author(s) agree to transfer the published article's copyright to the journal, which will act as the publisher. This means the journal will have the right to publish the article in various forms, including reprints. The journal will maintain the publishing rights to the published articles.
In line with the license, authors and third parties (readers, researchers, and others) are allowed to share and adapt the material. In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicated if changes were made. If authors remix, transform or build upon the material, authors must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original.
