Integrating Astronomical Observations and Islamic Law: The Case of Sunrise and the Ishrāq Prayer Time
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.2.27963Keywords:
Islamic law, modern astronomy , Ishrāq prayerAbstract
This study discusses determining the initial time for the Ishrāq prayer based on a combination of classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and contemporary astronomical approaches. Traditionally, the time for Ishrāq is associated with the sun having risen to the height of one spear-length after sunrise, yet no standardized astronomical measurement exists for this term. This research employs a multidisciplinary qualitative method, utilizing library research, analysis of fiqh-based evidence, and astronomical calculation simulations (ḥisāb). The findings show that one spear-length can be converted to a solar altitude of approximately 3°30’ to 5°, or around 10–20 minutes after shurūq (sunrise). A case study conducted in Surakarta indicates that the ideal time for Ishrāq prayer on July 20, 2025, is 06:10 AM (GMT +7). In conclusion, determining the time of Ishrāq requires an astronomically-based formula aligned with shar‘i principles and standardization in digital applications to ensure valid and accurate worship.
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