“Kepala Putik” on Women: Perspectives and Challenges in Balancing the Dual Role as Mother and Worker in Indonesia

Fitry Primadona*    -  Department of Sharia Business Management, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Syariah Nahdlatul Ulama (STISNU) Nusantara, Tangerang, Indonesia
Sari Lenggogeni    -  Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia

(*) Corresponding Author
DOI: 10.21580/sa.v19i1.22521

The dual roles carried out by Indonesian women as both mothers and workers have increasingly garnered attention amidst dynamic social and economic changes. This article explores the concept of "Kepala Putik" as a perspective accompanied by the stigma faced by Indonesian women in fulfilling these dual roles. The research utilizes a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The primary data sources stem from a comprehensive review of relevant literature, including scholarly articles, books, and reports related to the dual roles of women in Indonesia. This study highlights the increasing participation of women in the workforce in Indonesia, focusing on a literature analysis to understand the social perspectives and challenges faced by women in balancing these dual roles. The uniqueness of this research lies in its emphasis on the specific concept of "Kepala Putik" and how this stigma uniquely affects Indonesian women. The findings of this study reveal the complexity of stereotypes and social norms related to women who choose to work while continuing to fulfil their roles as mothers.

Keywords: dual role; challenges; kepala putik; perspectives; women

  1. Agustina, Hiqma Nur. “Indonesian Woman Migrant Workers Fighting Inequality and Violence in Burung-Burung Migran.” Journal of Language and Literature 21, no. 1 (2021): 79–91. https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v21i1.2861.
  2. Aliffia, Dhiza, Mawadah Mawadah, Rabiatul Adawiyah, Khairun Na’imah, Shanty Komalasari, and Ceria Hermina. “Konflik Peran Ganda Wanita Karir Saat Work from Home di Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Studi Meta Analisis.” Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengukuran Psikologi: JPPP 11, no. 2 (2022): 110–14. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPPP.112.08.
  3. Anggraini, Desi, and Sari Rahma Fitri. “Multiple Role Conflict of Working Mothers and Attitude of Exclusive Breast Milking in the New Neighborhood of the Bamboo Field, Medan Tuntangan District.” International Journal of Clinical Inventions and Medical Science 4, no. 1 (2022): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijcims-0401.307.
  4. Bali, Sandrotua, Ming Chou Liu, and Huei Hsuan Lin. “Pursuing Higher Education Careers and the Process of Migration among Indonesian Female Migrant Workers in Taiwan.” Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 4, no. 2 (2019): 302–17. https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp302-317.
  5. Butt, Leslie, Harriot Beazley, and Jessica Ball. “Migrant Mothers and the Sedentary Child Bias: Constraints on Child Circulation in Indonesia.” The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 18, no. 4 (2017): 372–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2017.1346699.
  6. Chan, Carol. “Follow the Maid: Domestic Worker Migration in and from Indonesia by Olivia Killias.” Indonesia 106, no. 1 (2018): 161–64. https://doi.org/10.1353/ind.2018.0020.
  7. Choirotunnisa, Maisaroh. “Labor Polemics and a Comparison of Indonesian Labor Policies.” Progress In Social Development 4, no. 1 (2023): 7–19. https://doi.org/10.30872/psd.v4i1.49.
  8. Dewi, Elisabeth. “Trauma and Fear of Long-Distance Mothering among Indonesian Female Migrant Domestic Workers.” In Enabling Gender Equality: Future Generations of the Global World, 67–79. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0895-993520150000023005.
  9. Dewi, Siska Ayu Tiara, Siti Editha Raisa, Sri Rezki Utami, Megawati Simanjuntak, and Yulina Eva Riany. “Working Mother’s Experience with School-Age Children during the Covid-19 Pandemic.” Journal of Family Sciences, 2022, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.vi.36575.
  10. Dihni, Vika Azkiya. “Lulusan Perguruan Tinggi Lebih Banyak Perempuan Ketimbang Laki-Laki.” Katadata Media Network, March 9, 2022. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/demografi/statistik/4be8cbf5144147d/lulusan-perguruan-tinggi-lebih-banyak-perempuan-ketimbang-laki-laki#:~:text=Laporan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS,-laki 9%2C28%25.
  11. Elfira, Mina, Bambang Wibawarta, Rouli Esther, and Fandra Febriand. “Working from Home: Women between Public and Domestic Spheres after the Outbreak of COVID-19.” International Review of Humanities Studies 6, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.7454/irhs.v6i1.326.
  12. Farradinna, Syarifah. “Interdependence of Roles, Work-Family Roles and Psychological Strain: A Study on Married Working Women in Indonesia.” Humanika 24, no. 2 (2018): 73–83. https://doi.org/10.14710/humanika.v24i2.13846.
  13. Halidin, Ali. “Dual Role Is Adjusting the Conflict of Employees Women in Pinrang Regency Office.” Journal of Research and Multidisciplinary 2, no. 1 (2019): 84–93. https://journal.alhikam.net/index.php/jrm/article/view/7.
  14. Hariyanto, Boli, Fitri Ramadhani Harahap, and Tiara Ramadhani. “The Dual Role of Women Farm Workers in Payung Village, Payung District, South Bangka Regency.” Social Science Studies 3, no. 1 (2023): 564–80. https://doi.org/10.47153/sss31.5332023.
  15. Hermawan, Iwan. Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan (Kualitatif, Kuantitatif dan Mixed Method). Kuningan: Hidayatul Quran, 2019.
  16. Husna, Fathayatul, and Ainal Fitri. “Gender-Based Dayah: The Role of Female Ulama in Trauma Recovery Strategies for Sexual Violence Victims in Aceh.” Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender 18, no. 2 (2023): 169–94. https://doi.org/10.21580/sa.v18i2.17416.
  17. Ibnu, Fitranita, Ngadi Ngadi, Ade Latifa, and Bayu Setiawan. “International Indonesian Migrant Women Workers.” In Immigrant Women’s Voices and Integrating Feminism Into Migration Theory, edited by Florence Nyemba and Rufaro Chitiyo, 97–117. Hershey: IGI Global, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4664-2.ch006.
  18. Irawaty, Diah. “Considering the Role of Money and Gifts in the (Re)-Construction of Motherhood and Family among Indonesian Transnational Female Domestic Workers.” Ikat: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 4, no. 2 (2021): 89–111. https://doi.org/10.22146/ikat.v4i2.61570.
  19. Irawaty, Diah. “Indonesian Transnational Female Domestic Workers: Between Agency and the Commodification of Love and Care.” Gender Equality: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies 8, no. 1 (2022): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.22373/equality.v8i1.11993.
  20. Khoo, Choon Yen, and Brenda S.A. Yeoh. “Responsible Adults-in-the-Making: Intergenerational Impact of Parental Migration on Indonesian Young Women’s Aspirational Capacity.” Geoforum 85 (2017): 280–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.08.005.
  21. Kuntari, Indah S.R., Jan M.A.M. Janssens, and Henndy Ginting. “Gender, Life Role Importance, and Work-Family Conflict in Indonesia: A Non-Western Perspective.” Academic Research International 8, no. 1 (2017): 139–53.
  22. Kuntari, Indah Soca Retno. “Work-Family Conflict among Indonesian Working Couples: In Relation to Work and Family Role Importance, Support, and Satisfactio [Doctoral Thesis].” Radbound University, 2018.
  23. Martiana, Tri, Ajeng Kusuma Wardani, Putri Ayuni Alayannur, and Firman Suryadi Rahman. “Dual Roles of Mothers Working in the Indonesia Industry : Its Effects on Maternal and Child Health in Sidoarjo.” In The Rise of Asia in Global History and Perspective: What Local and Global Changes in Diversity of Life? Université Paris, 14-16 March 2018. Paris, 2018.
  24. Maulida, Alvina Fadila, and Isma Widiaty. “Work Family Conflict on Female Teachers in the Time of the Covid-19 Pandemic.” In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovation in Engineering and Vocational Education (ICIEVE 2021). Paris: Atlantis Press, 2022. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220305.037.
  25. Nurmayanti, Siti, Armanu Thoyib, Noermijati -, and Dodi Irawanto. “Work Family Conflict: A Review of Female Teachers in Indonesia.” International Journal of Psychological Studies 6, no. 4 (2014): 134–42. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v6n4p134.
  26. Pratiwi, Tri Yulian, and Ike Betria. “Konflik Peran Ganda dan Stres Kerja pada Karyawan Perempuan.” Jurnal Ilmiah Cano Ekonomos 10, no. 2 (2021): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.30606/cano.v10i2.1127.
  27. Raharto, Aswatini, and Mita Noveria. “Advocacy Groups for Indonesian Women Migrant Workers Protection.” Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia 7, no. 1 (2012): 1–20.
  28. Rakhmawati, Fariza Yuniar. “Experience of Indonesian Working Mothers during Covid-19 Pandemic.” Jurnal Kajian Peradaban Islam 5, no. 1 (2022): 62–68. https://doi.org/10.47076/jkpis.v5i1.128.
  29. Setiyawan, Radius, Arin Setiyowati, and Maulida Maulida. “Gender Relations during Pandemic Era in Indonesia: Negotiation and Resistance of Urban Woman Workers at Work from Home (WFH) in Family.” Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender 17, no. 1 (2022): 97–118. https://doi.org/10.21580/sa.v17i1.10437.
  30. Silvey, Rachel. “Consuming the Transnational Family: Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers to Saudi Arabia.” Global Networks 6, no. 1 (2006): 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2006.00131.x.
  31. Soetjiptio, Ani. “Kebijakan Negara terhadap PRT Migran di Indonesia: Telaah Gender dan Hubungan Internasional.” Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya 19, no. 1 (2017): 45. https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v19i1.388.
  32. Stephani, Nicky. “Juggling Identities: Komik Bunda’s Representation of ‘Good’ Working Mothers During the Covid-19 Pandemic.” Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication 39, no. 2 (2023): 338–53. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2023-3902-19.
  33. Sugiarto, Eko. Menyusun Proposal Penelitian Kualitatif: Skripsi dan Tesis. Yogyakarta: Suaka Media, 2015.
  34. Suryaningsih, Soni Akhmad Nulhaqim, Muhammad Fedryansyah, and Yogi Suprayogi Sugandi. “Employment Opportunities and Social Networks of Indonesian Women Migrant Workers at the Border.” Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (2023): e403. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i2.403.
  35. Udasmoro, Wening, and Setiadi Setiadi. “Gender Discourses in Positioning Indonesian Female Migrant Workers.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 24, no. 3 (2021): 237–52. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.54034.
  36. Utami, Karina Putri, and Yeny Duriana Wijaya. “Hubungan Dukungan Sosial Pasangan dengan Konflik Pekerjaan-Keluarga pada Ibu Bekerja.” Jurnal Psikologi 16, no. 1 (2018): 1–8. https://ejurnal.esaunggul.ac.id/index.php/psiko/article/view/2351.
  37. Waslia, Dede, and Ranti Widiyanti. “The Role of Posyandu Community Health Workers in Improving the Health of Mothers and Children.” In The 4th International Seminar on Global Health (ISGH4), 269–276, 2022. https://doi.org/10.18502/kme.v2i2.11090.
  38. Widiningtyas, Kartika. “Dinamika Konflik Peran Ganda Ibu Bekerja yang Menjalani Dual Earner Family.” Psyche: Jurnal Psikologi 4, no. 2 (2022): 202–18. https://doi.org/10.36269/psyche.v4i2.735.
  39. Wisuda Putri, Ni Putu Trisca, and Robertus Landung Eko Prihatmoko. “Gambaran Stres Kerja yang Disebabkan oleh Peran Ganda Serta Hubungan antara Work-Family Conflict dan Work-Family Balance pada Ibu Bali Bekerja.” Suksma: Jurnal Psikologi Universitas Sanata Dharma 3, no. 1 (2022): 21–45. https://doi.org/10.24071/suksma.v3i1.4454.
  40. Yen, Khoo Choon, Maria Platt, Brenda S.A. Yeoh, and Theodora Lam. Structural Conditions and Agency in Migrant Decision-Making: A Case of Domestic and Construction Workers from Java, Indonesia. Sussex UK: Migrating out of Poverty Research Programme Consortium, 2015. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a0898be5274a31e0000130/WP25_Khoo_et_al_2015.pdf.

Open Access Copyright (c) 2024 Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Publisher:
Center for Gender and Child Studies (Pusat Studi Gender dan Anak)
LP2M, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang.
Central Java, Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Sawwa Visitor Statistics
 
apps