Gender Relations during Pandemic Era in Indonesia: Negotiation and Resistance of Urban Woman Workers at Work from Home (WFH) in Family
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/sa.v17i1.10437Keywords:
gender relations, negotiations, resistance, urban woman workers, WFHAbstract
After the COVID-19 pandemic, a new condition (New Normal) affects a variety of human activities, especially the working conditions of urban women. Until now, women have been more than viewed as merely objects of domestication, worker exploitation, verbal or physical violence, and other forms of discrimination. This study aims to disclose an alternative perspective on women as subjects actively negotiating their domestic and public roles. This new condition introduces adjustments to women's work-at-home (work-from-home) and family responsibilities during the pandemic (approximately for two years). This research used a qualitative method with in-depth interviews through mapping a new condition of women who were able to negotiate and resist during the pandemic in their families. This study was conducted with working mothers in Surabaya, Sidoarjo, and Gresik. The findings of this study revealed that urban working women frequently negotiate and resist their roles, meaning that gender roles or relations are not static but are always in the process of being.
Downloads
References
Aisyah, Nur. “Relasi Gender dalam Institusi Keluarga (Pandangan Teori Sosial dan Feminis).” Muwazah 5, no. 2 (2014): 203–24. https://doi.org/10.28918/muwazah.v5i2.346.
Aisyatin Kamila. “Peran Perempuan sebagai Garda Terdepan dalam Keluarga dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Anak ditengah Pandemi COVID 19.” Jurnal Konseling Pendidikan Islam 1, no. 2 (2020): 75–83. https://doi.org/10.32806/jkpi.v1i2.21.
Akuoko, Philipa Birago, Vincent Aggrey, and Jennifer Dokbila Mengba. “Mothering with a Career during a Pandemic; the Case of the Ghanaian Woman.” Gender, Work & Organization 28, no. S2 (2021): 277–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12711.
Annur, Cindy Mutia. “Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan dan Anak Banyak Terjadi di Rumah,” databoks.katadata.co.id May 20, 2021. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/05/20/kekerasan-terhadap-perempuan-dan-anak-banyak-terjadi-di-rumah.
Anwar, Mohamad. “Dilema PHK dan Potong Gaji Pekerja di Tengah COVID-19.” ’Adalah: Buletin Hukum & Keadilan 4, no. 1 (2020): 173–78. https://doi.org/10.15408/adalah.v4i1.15752.
Badan Pusat Statistik. “Berita Resmi Statistik: Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Triwulan II-2020.” www.bps.go.id, 2020. https://www.bps.go.id/website/materi_ind/materiBrsInd-20200805114633.pdf.
Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge, 2006.
Collins, Caitlyn, Liana Christin Landivar, Leah Ruppanner, and William J Scarborough. “COVID‐19 and the Gender Gap in Work Hours.” Gender, Work & Organization 28, no. S1 (2021): 101–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12506.
Engster, Daniel. “Care Ethics, Dependency, and Vulnerability.” Ethics and Social Welfare 13, no. 2 (2019): 100–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/17496535.2018.1533029.
Farid, Muhammad Rifa’at Adiakarti. “Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan dalam Ketimpangan Relasi Kuasa: Studi Kasus di Rifka Annisa Women’s Crisis Center.” Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender 14, no. 2 (2019): 175–90. https://doi.org/10.21580/sa.v14i2.4062.
Gaggiotti, Hugo. “Going from Spain and Latin America to Central Asia: Decision-Making of Expatriation and Meaning of Work.” The Central Asia Business Journal 1, no. 1 (2006): 8–22.
Haekal, Muhammad, and Ainal Fitri. “Dilema Peran Ganda Dosen Perempuan selama Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia.” JAS-PT (Jurnal Analisis Sistem Pendidikan Tinggi Indonesia) 4, no. 2 (2020): 171. https://doi.org/10.36339/jaspt.v4i2.366.
Karunia Putri, Retno, Rahmawati Indah Sari, Rita Wahyuningsih, Ety Meikhati, and Alpian Winarso Aji. “Efek Pandemi COVID 19: Dampak Lonjakan Angka PHK terhadap Penurunan Perekonomian di Indonesia.” Jurnal Bisnis Manajemen dan Akuntansi (BISMAK) 1, no. 2 (2021): 72–77. https://doi.org/10.47701/bismak.v1i2.1206.
Kaur, Tanveer, and Preeti Sharma. “A Study on Working Women and Work from Home Amid Coronavirus Pandemic.” Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology 12, no. 5 (2020): 1400–1408.
Koskela, Hille. “‘Cam Era’ — the Contemporary Urban Panopticon.” Surveillance & Society 1, no. 3 (2002): 292–313. https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v1i3.3342.
McLaren, Helen Jaqueline, Karen Rosalind Wong, Kieu Nga Nguyen, and Komalee Nadeeka Damayanthi Mahamadachchi. “COVID-19 and Women’s Triple Burden: Vignettes from Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam and Australia.” Social Sciences 9, no. 5 (2020): 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050087.
McNamee, Roger, and David Diamond. The New Normal: Great Opportunities in a Time of Great Risk. Alberta: Portfolio, 2004.
McRobbie, Angela. “Postfeminism and Popular Culture: Bridget Jones and the New Gender Regime.” In Interrogating Postfeminism, edited by Yvonne Tasker and Lynn Spigel Diane Negra, 27–39. New York: Duke University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822390411-003.
Micheletti, Michele. “Shopping with and for Virtues.” In Political Virtue and Shopping, 149–68. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403973764_5.
Moleong, Lexy J. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Revised Ed. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2018.
Radhitya, Theresia Vania, Nunung Nurwati, and Maulana Irfan. “Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 terhadap Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga.” Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik 2, no. 2 (2020): 111–19. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkrk.v2i2.29119.
Reiss, Lea Katharina, Andrew Kozhevnikov, and Sara Louise Muhr. “Between Vulnerability and Resistance: How a Woman Copes with Dramatic Implications of COVID‐19 in Russia.” Gender, Work & Organization 28, no. S2 (2021): 574–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12695.
Sanderson, Stephen K. Sosiologi Makro, Sebuah Pendekatan terhadap Realitas Sosial. Translated by S. Menno and Farid Wajidi. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2003.
Saraswati, Putu Sekarwangi, and I. Nengah Susrama. “Peran Perempuan dalam Keluarga untuk Melindungdi Serta Pemenuhan Hak Anak di Masa Pandemi COVID-19’.” In Prosiding Webinar Nasional Peranan Perempuan/Ibu dalam Pemberdayaan Remaja di Masa Pandemi COVID-19, 131–38. Denpasar: Universitas Mahasaraswati Press, 2020.
Sari, Eka Kartika, and Biko NabihFikri Zufar. “Perempuan Pencari Nafkah selama Pandemi COVID-19.” Al-Mada: Jurnal Agama, Sosial, dan Budaya 4, no. 1 (2021): 13–29. https://doi.org/10.31538/almada.v4i1.1106.
Solórzano, David Alejandro Navarrete, María Rodríguez Gamez, and Osvaldo Jiménez Pérez de Corcho. “Gender Violence on Pandemic of COVID-19.” International Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (2020): 10–18. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijhs.v4n2.437.
Sukmi, Sih Natalia. “Narasi Kuasa Perempuan Pekerja Bisnis Online.” Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Humanis 3, no. 1 (2019): 55–66. https://doi.org/10.17977/um021v3i1p55-66.
Thomason, Bobbi, and Inmaculada Macias‐Alonso. “COVID‐19 and Raising the Value of Care.” Gender, Work & Organization 27, no. 5 (2020): 705–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12461.
Tronto, Joan C. “Beyond Gender Difference to a Theory of Care.” In An Ethic of Care. Oxfordshire: Routledge, 1993.
Tronto, Joan C. “Beyond Gender Difference to a Theory of Care.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 12, no. 4 (1987): 644–63. https://doi.org/10.1086/494360.
Warren, Karen J. Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What It Is and Why It Matters. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2000.
World Economic Forum. “Annual Report 2020-2021.” www.weforum.org, 2021. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Annual_Report_2020_21.pdf.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the journal as the publisher of the journal. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles. Therefore, the author must submit a statement of the Copyright Transfer Agreement.*)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
In line with the license, authors and third parties (readers, researchers, and others) are allowed to share and adapt the material. In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicated if changes were made. If authors remix, transform or build upon the material, authors must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original.
________
*) Authors whose articles are accepted for publication will receive confirmation via email and send a Copyright Transfer Agreement.