Doctorate Student, Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia - Indonesia
HUMAN SPIRITUALITY PHASES IN SUFISM The Study of Abu Nasr Al-Sarraj in The Book of al-Luma'
This study discusses the phases that human beings must go through to achieve a noble degree in the sight of God. In Sufism, this topic is known as maqamat and ahwal. Maqamat is the spiritual position, that is, the existence of a person in the way of Allah by trying to practice the deeds to be closer to Allah. While ahwal is a condition or spiritual circumstance within heart bestowed by God because of the intensity of the dhikr (remembering God). To reach the highest level (ma'rifatullah), it can not be reached in a way that is easy and short time. Man must try to empty himself from sin and fill it with good deeds. For only with a holy soul, God gives much of His knowledge. This paper aims to describe and analyze the stages of human spirituality in the book of a classic Sufi figure, Abu Nasr Al-Sarraj. Through inner experience, Sarraj formulated the concept of being close to God. This thought is based on the social conditions of society at that time concerning with material matters rather than spiritual ones. Therefore, the question is how the spiritual phases should be achieved by Al-Sarraj? To answer this question, the researcher uses a qualitative method by examining the text and analyzing it to find the sequences of phases. The result of this research is that Al Sarraj formulates 7 levels of maqam and 9 levels ahwal. Humans who can run the phase are classified into Insan Kamil (perfect human) because there is no distance between him and God.
Keywords: Sufistic thought; Maqam and Ahwal; Abu Nasr Al-Sarraj; Book of Luma'
- Al-Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub: Risalah Persia Tertua tentang Tasawuf, trans. Abdul Hadi WM, Bandung: Mizan, 1993.
- Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid, Ihya’ ‘Ulumuddin, vol. III, Beirut: Dar al-Ma’rifah, n.d.
- Anwar, Rosihan and Mukhtar Solihin, Ilmu Tasawuf, Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2004.
- Armstrong, Amatullah, Kunci Memasuki Dunia Tasawuf: Khazanah Istilah Sufi, Bandung: Mizan, 1998.
- As, Asmaran, Pengantar Studi Tasawuf, Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002.
- Bosworth, C.E, E. Van Donzel, W.P Heinrichs and G. Lacomte, The Encyclopedia of Islam, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1997.
- Mahmud, Abdul Halim dan Taha Abd Baqi Surur, Al-Luma’ Wa Makanatuhu fi Al-Tasawwuf Al-Islami, Kairo: Maktaba al-Thaqafah al-Diniyyah, n.d.
- Naim, Ngainun, Teologi Kerukunan Mencari TItik Temu dalam Keragaman, Yogakarta: Penerbit Teras, 2011.
- Nata, Abuddin, Akhlak Tasawuf, Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2011.
- Rakhmat, Jalaluddin, Islam Alternatif, Bandung: Mizan, 1991.
- Razzaq, Abdur dan Naufal, Islam Memadukan Agama Dan Dunia, terj. Abdurrahman Yasin, Surabaya: PT Bina Ilmu, 1985.
- Schimmel, Annemarie, Dimensi Mistik dalam Islam, terj. Sapardi Djoko Damono dkk, Jakata: Pustaka Firdaus, 2000.
- Shihab, M. Quraish, Wawasan Al Quran, Bandung: Penerbit Mizan, 1999.
- Syukur, Amin, Tasawuf Kontekstual Solusi Problem Manusia Modern, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2003.
- Syukur, Amin, Zuhud di Abad Modern, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2004.
- Tim Penyusun MKD IAIN Sunan Ampel, Akhlak Tasawuf, Surabaya: IAIN SA Press, 2011.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.