SULUK LITERATURE AS A POLITICAL STRATEGY OF JAVANESE KINGDOM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/tos.v1i1.620Keywords:
suluk, literature, mysticism, moral, politics, palace, loyalty, kingAbstract
The growth of Javanese literature cannot be separated from the role of the king and the royal poet. Efforts to develop the field of literature through copying and writing of the manuscript by the court have some political motivation associated with the status quo of the kingdom. One of literary mysticism or Sufism was moral education. During the reign of the king of Surakarta and Yogyakarta, 18th to 19th century, appeared the writing of literary works within the kingdom in the form of poetry or prose, describing the idea to preserve the king's majesty. Manunggaling kawula gusti political kingdom adopted a concept of mysticism about the peak of human closeness to God. The doctrine was developed to get the support of the people to the king through absolute obedience to the king's adherence to human for God. King controlled the people and the earth. King was called as God's representative on earth (khalīfatullāh). It was revealed in the title used by the king of Mataram like Sultan Agung Anyakrakusumo Sayidin Panatagama Khalifatullah. Literary works of Kraton Surakarta and Yogyakarta until the 19th century marked by political objectives, namely to strengthen the weakening of royal power. In addition, literature was an effective tool of political communication between the king and their people, regarded as heirlooms that contain magic. Then people will be respectful and careful in dealing with the sacred text. Through writing, ruler of the kingdom sent the messages and teachings that need to be understood and adhered to by the people.
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