EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR SUFI AL-GHAZALI DAN PERGESERANNYA

Authors

  • Wahyudi Wahyudi Institut Agama Islam Ma’arif (IAIM) NU Metro Lampung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21580/teo.2018.29.1.2070

Keywords:

epistemology, tafseer, sufi

Abstract

Abstract: In the history of tafsir development, there is a certain moment where there are some interactions between the Qur'an and the Sufis. Epistemologically, Sufis have a peculiar characteristic in looking at the Qur'an. The Sufis thaught that the Qur'an has two dimensions, esoteric and exoteric. These two sides are one unity and can not be separated. Al-Ghazali has its own nomenclature to refer to the ẓahir and inner sides of the Qur'an. The esoteric and exoteric dimensions of the Qur'an in the term al-Ghazali are called ‘ilm sadf and ‘ilm lubāb. The process of crossing from sadf to lubāb involves the role of imagination in istiqāmah suluk ilā Allāh. Viewed from the perspective of epidemiological division ala Abid al-Jabiri, the epistemology of al-Ghazali include the category of 'irfānī. But in its development al-Ghazali made a dialectic between the epistemology 'irfānī and bayānī at the same time, although the nuances of irfānī still remain dominant. This research attempts to answer the problem of how the process of the dialectic epistemology of al-Ghazali and how its building style. This kind of dialectic is one of al-Ghazali effort to built the harmonization between sadf science which tends to bayānī with the science of lubāb which tend to irfānī. Clearly, the process of this dialectic can be seen in one of his works Ihyā’ 'Ulūm al-Dīn. This research uses the qualitative method and includes library research.

Abstrak:  Dalam sejarah perkembangan tafsir, ada momen tertentu saat terjadi interaksi antara al-Qur’an dan kaum Sufi. Secara epistemologis, para Sufi me­miliki ciri khas dalam memandang al-Qur’an. Kaum Sufi memandang bahwa Qur'an memiliki dua dimensi, esoterik dan eksoteris. Dua dimensi ini merupakan satu kesatuan dan tidak dapat dipisahkan. Al-Ghazali memiliki nomenklatur tersendiri untuk menyebut sisi ẓahir dan baṭin al-Qur’an. Dimensi esoterik dan eksoterik al-Qur’an dalam istilah al-Ghazali disebut dengan ‘ilm sadf dan ‘ilm lubab. Proses penyebrangan dari sadf ke lubāb ini melibatkan peran khayal dengan cara istiqāmah suluk ilā Allah. Ditinjau dari perspektif pembagian epistemologi ala Abid al-Jabiri, epistemologi al-Ghazali masuk dalam kategori ‘irfānī. Namun dalam perkembangannya al-Ghazali melakukan dialektika antara epistemologi ‘irfānī dan bayānī secara bersamaan, meskipun nuansa ‘irfānī masih tetap dominan. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menjawab rumusan masalah bagaimana proses dialektika epistemologi al-Ghazali dan bagaimana corak bangunannya. Dialektika ini merupakan upaya harmonisasi al-Ghazali antara ilmu sadf yang cenderung bayānī dengan ilmu lubab yang mendekati ‘irfānī. Secara jelas proses dialektika ini dapat dilihat dalam salah satu karyanya Ihyā’ Ulūm al-Dīn. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan merupakan penelitian kepustakaan.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, Amin. Islamic Studies di Perguruan Tinggi; Pendekatan Integratif-Interkonektif. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2006.

Alusī, Maḥmud al-. Rūḥ al-Ma’āni. Vol. I. Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Araby, t.th.

Azra, Azyumardi. “Al-Ghazālī.” Ensiklopedi Islam. Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve, 2005.

Badawi, Rahman. Muallafāt al-Ghazāli. Kuwait: Wakālah al-Maṭbū’āt, 1977.

Chasbullah, Arif Chasbullah, dan Wahyudi Wahyudi. “Deradikalisasi Terhadap Penafsiran Ayat-ayat Qital.” Fikri: Jurnal Kajian Agama, Sosial dan Budaya 2, no. 2 (Desember 2017): 407–424.

Corbin, Henry. History of Islamic Philosophy. London: The Institute of Ismaili Studies, t.th.

al-Dhahāby, Husayn. al-Tafsīr wa al-Munfasirūn. Vol. II. t.tp: Maktabah Muṣ’ab bin ‘Amr al-Islamiyah, 2004.

Faisol, M. “Struktur Nalar Arab-Islam Menurut Abid al-Jabiri.” Tsaqafah 6, no. 2 (2010): 335–359.

Gandhi, Mohandas. “Karamchand (1869-1948).” Global Encyclopaedia of Islamic Mystics and Mysticism 1 (2009): 407.

Ghazāli, Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad al-. ‘Ihyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn. Beirut: Dār Ibn Hazm, 2005.

———. Jawāhir al-Qur’ān. Bairut: Dar Ahya’ al-‘Ulum, 1990.

———. Mishkāt al-Anwār. Bairut: ‘Ālam al-Kutub, 1982.

———. Taḥāfut al-Falāsifah. Kairo: Dār al-Ma’ārif, 1966.

Ghazanfar, Shaikh M, Abdul Azim Islahi, Economic thought of al-Ghazali (450-505 A.H./1058-1111 A.D.). Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Scientific Pub. Center, King Abdulaziz University, 2011.

Goldziher, Ignaz. Madhāhib al-Tafsīr al-Islāmī. Kairo: Maktabah al-Khānja, 1955.

al-Istambūly, Ismāil Haqqy. Rūḥ al-Bayān. Vol. I. Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Araby, t.th.

Jābirī, Muhammad ‘Abid al-. Bunyah al-‘Aql al-‘Arabī. Beirut: Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥdah al-‘Arabiyyah, 2009.

Kattsoff, Loius O. Pengantar Filsafat. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana, 2004.

Kurdi, dkk. Hermeneutika al-Qur’an dan Hadis. Yogyakarta: el-Saq, 2010.

Maryam, Musharraf. “A Study on the Sufi Interpretation of Qur’ān and The Theory of Hermeneutic.” Al-Bayan Journal 11, no. 1 (2013): 33–47. https://doi.org/10.11136/jqh.1311.01.03.

Massignon, Muhammad ‘Abd al-Rāzaq Louis. al-Taṣawwuf. Beirut: Dār al-Kitab al-Lubnani, 1984.

Ms, Fayzullayeva. “Ethics of Communication in Philosophy Muhammad Al-Ghazali.” Arts and Social Sciences Journal 09, no. 03 (2018). https://doi.org/10.4172/2151-6200.1000345.

Mujib, Abdu. Biografi al-Ghazali Beserta Karya-karyanya. t.tp: CV Bintang Remaja, t.th.

Riyanto, Waryani Fajar. “Antisinonimitas Tafsir Sufi Kontemporer.” Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 9, no. 1 (2014): 139–154.

Salleh, Kamarudin Haji. “An Examination on the Nature of al-Ghazali Sufism.” Islāmiyyāt 17 (1996).

Sands, Kristin Zahra. Ṣūfī commentaries on the Qurʼān in classical Islam. Routledge studies in the Quran. London: New York: Routledge, 2006.

Schimmel, Annemarie. Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1975.

Shihab, M. Quraish. Kaidah Tafsir. Tangerang: Lentara Hati, 2013.

Sibawaihi. Eskatologi al-Ghazālī dan Fazlur Rahman; Studi Komparatif Epistemologi Klasik-Kontemporer. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Islamika, 2004.

Soleh, Khudari. Filsafat Islam dari Klasik Hingga Kontemporer. Yogyakarta: ar-Ruzz Media, 2013.

Sulamī, Abū Abd al-Raḥman al-. Haqā’iq al-Tafsīr. Vol. I. Beirut: Dār al-kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 2001.

Sutiyono, Agus. “Ilmu Ladunni dalam Perspektif al-Ghazali.” Nadwa 7, no. 2 (22 Maret 2016): 310. https://doi.org/10.21580/nw.2013.7.2.564.

Taftazāni, Abu Wafa al-. al-Madkhal ilā al-Taṣawwuf al-Islāmy. Kairo: Dār al-Thaqāfah li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi’, t.th.

Tamara Albertini. “Crisis and Certainty of Knowledge in Al-Ghazālī (1058-1111) and Descartes (1596-1650).” Philosophy East and West 55, no. 1 (2005): 1–14.

Ṭabāṭabā’i, al. al-Mizān. Vol. V. Beirut: Ismailiyan, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiya, t.th.

Tustari, Saḥl al-. Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Aẓīm. Kairo: Dār al-Hir lī al-Turath, t.th.

Wahyudi. “Ta’wīl Sufi al-Ghazali dan ibn ‘Arabī terhadap Ayat-ayat al-Qur’an (Studi Komparatif).” Master’s Thesis, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, 2017.

Zaid, Nasr Hamid Abu. Mafhūm al-Naṣ Dirāsah fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. Kairo: al-Hay’ah al-Miṣriyah al-‘Amāh lī al-Kitāb, 1990.

Zarkashi, Badr al-Dīn al-. Al-Burhān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. Vol. II. Beirut: Dār al-Kutūb al-‘Ilmiyah, 2012.

Zarqāny, Abd al-’Aẓim al-. Manāhil al-‘Irfān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān. Vol. II. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1988.

Downloads

Published

2018-09-02

Issue

Section

Articles