The Humanization of Accountability: A New Paradigm for Waqf Management

Authors

  • Siti Nurngaini Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia
  • Wasyith Wasyith Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia
  • Nur Aini Fitriya Ardiani Aniqoh University of Queensland Australia, Australia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21580/economica.2025.16.1.25283

Keywords:

Accountability, Humanization, Prophetic Social Science, Social Justice, Waqf

Abstract

The practice of waqf accountability in general often places excessive emphasis on technical and financial measurements, thereby neglecting the humanitarian mission that constitutes the very essence of waqf institutions. This paper seeks to address that limitation by proposing the idea of a “humanization of waqf accountability”, an integrated framework grounded in the prophetic social thought of Kuntowijoyo. The framework rests upon three main pillars. First, active community participation, which positions beneficiaries not as passive recipients but as empowered subjects. Second, social justice, which redefines waqf as an instrument for inclusive and sustainable development rather than merely a charitable activity. Third, community well-being, regarded as the ultimate goal, is measured through holistic indicators of human dignity. By integrating these pillars, this comprehensive paradigm not only aligns waqf governance with its ethical foundations but also responds to contemporary challenges, such as the need for beneficiary-centered management and transparent reporting. In essence, this human-oriented approach provides a pathway for waqf institutions to enhance their social impact, build trust among stakeholders, and fulfill their mandate in realizing sustainable community development more effectively.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abbasi, M. Z. (2012). The Classical Islamic Law of Waqf: A Concise Introduction. Arab Law Quarterly, 26(2), 121–153. https://doi.org/10.1163/157302512X629124

Abu Talib, N. Y., Abdul Latiff, R., Aman, A., & Palil, M. R. (2018). An Exploratory Study of Accounting and Reporting Practice for Waqf Among State Islamic Religious Councils in Malaysia. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.06.2018.009

Adinugraha, H. H., Shulthoni, M., & Sain, Z. H. (2024). Transformation of Cash Waqf Management in Indonesia: Insights Into the Development of Digitalization. Review of Islamic Social Finance and Entrepreneurship, 50–66. https://doi.org/10.20885/risfe.vol3.iss1.art4

Agyemang, G., O’Dwyer, B., Unerman, J., & Awumbila, M. (2017). Seeking “conversations for accountability.” Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 30(5), 982–1007. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-02-2015-1969

Aldeen, K. N., Ratih, I. S., & Herianingrum, S. (2020). Contemporary Issues on Cash Waqf: A Thematic Literature Review. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (Ijief), 3(3). https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.3236

Arfan, M. R., Maghfirotus, D., & Semarang, K. (2021). Humanization of Islamic Sciences : Integration of the Covid-19 Pandemic Against Kuntowijoyo ’ s Social Social Concept. 4(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.20414/sangkep.v2i2.p-ISSN

Arshad, R., & Mohd Zain, N. (2017). Performance Measurement and Accountability of WAQF Institutions in Malaysia. SHS Web of Conferences, 36, 00005. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20173600005

Ascarya, A., Hosen, M. N., & Rahmawati, S. (2022). Designing simple productive waqf models for Indonesia. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(3), 380–401. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-07-2020-0101

Atan, N. A., Samad, R. R., Johari, F., & Kefeli, Z. (2024). Beyond Charity. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 118–134. https://doi.org/10.33102/jmifr.574

Aydin, N. (2020). Paradigmatic foundation and moral axioms of ihsan ethics in Islamic economics and business. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(2), 288–308. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-12-2016-0146

Ayedh, A., Echchabi, A., & Ihsan, H. (2018). Waqf Accountability in the Republic of Yemen: An Empirical Analysis. QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies), 6(2), 161. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v6i2.4030

Azmi, A. C., & Hanifa, M. H. (2015). The Sharia -compliance of financial reporting practices: a case study on waqf. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 6(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-10-2012-0069

Callamard, A. (2012). NGO Accountability. In L. Jordan & P. van Tuijl (Eds.), NGO Accountability Politics, Principles and Innovations. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849772099

Chaer, A. (2006). Tata Bahasa Praktis bahasa Indonesia. Rineka Cipta.

Çizakça, M. (1998). Awqaf in History and Its Implications for Modern Islamic Economies. Islamic Economic Studies, 6(1), 43–70. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3164811

Coule, T. M. (2015). Nonprofit Governance and Accountability: Broadening the Theoretical Perspective. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 44(1), 75–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764013503906

Cutt, J., & Murray, V. (2000). Accountability and Effectiveness Evaluation in Nonprofit Organizations. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203461365

Daud, D. (2019). The role of Islamic governance in the reinforcement waqf reporting: SIRC Malaysia case. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 10(3), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-01-2017-0008

Ebrahim. (2003). Accountability In Practice: Mechanisms for NGOs. World Development, 31(5), 813–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00014-7

Ebrahim, A. (2009). Placing the normative logics of accountability in gthick perspective. American Behavioral Scientist, 52(6), 885–904. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764208327664

Everett, J., & Friesen, C. (2010). Humanitarian accountability and performance in the Théâtre de l’Absurde. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 21(6), 468–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2010.01.014

Feuerbuch, L. (2008). The Essence of Christianity. MACS Philosophy Group.

Fitri, M., Marliyah, M., & Arif, M. (2024). Implementation of Mukhabarah in Productive Waqf Management to Improve Social Welfare in Bireuen. Journal La Sociale, 5(5), 1296–1304. https://doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v5i5.1345

Freire, P. (1964). The Theory of Paulo Freire by Carien Fritze ( a Community Worker / Organizer in London , England ).

Ghani, A. H. bin A., & Aziz, M. F. bin. (2023). Productive Waqf Asset Management based on Primary Scale and Implications for Community Welfare. Management of Zakat and Waqf Journal (MAZAWA), 5(1), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.15642/mzw.2023.5.1.85-104

Hairul-Suhaimi, N., Nur-Suriana, A., & Nor-Suhaily, B. (2018). Exploring Awqaf Mutawalli’s accounting and reporting practices: Some preliminary Malaysian evidence. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 26(4), 2583–2597.

Haneef, M. A., Pramanik, A. H., Mohammed, M. O., Bin Amin, M. F., & Muhammad, A. D. (2015). Integration of waqf-Islamic microfinance model for poverty reduction. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 8(2), 246–270. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-03-2014-0029

Hassan, A. A. (1984). Waqf in Islamic jurisprudence. Seminar on Management and Development of Awqaf Properties, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Hassan, R., & Noor, F. M. (2019). Islamic Good Governance for Waqf Institutions. In Handbook of Research on Theory and Practice of Global Islamic Finance (pp. 424–439). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0218-1.ch023

Hassan, R., & Yusoff, A. (2020). Enhancing Good Governance Practices of Waqf Institutions: Learning From Shariah Governance Framework of Islamic Financial Institutions. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Research, 3(2 December), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.53840/ijiefer42

Hisham, Y., & Hairul Suhaimi, N. (2017). Investigating Awqaf Management, Accounting and Investment Practices in Malaysia: The Case of a State Religious Institution. Global Journal Al Thaqafah, 7(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.7187/GJAT12720170701

Ihsan, H. (2017). A study of accountability practice in Dompet Dhuafa Waqf of Indonesia. Journal of King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics, 30(2), 13–32. https://doi.org/10.4197/Islec.30-2.2

Ihsan, H., & Ibrahim, S. H. H. M. (2011). Waqf Accounting and Management in Indonesian Waqf Institutions: The Cases of Two Waqf Foundations. Humanomics, 27(4), 252–269. https://doi.org/10.1108/08288661111181305

Ikhyanuddin, I. (2022). Waqf Accountability Around the World: A Mini-review. International Journal of Islamic Business Ethics, 7(2), 100. https://doi.org/10.30659/ijibe.7.2.100-107

Islamiyati, I. (2023). Law Reform of Waqf Land Management in the North Coastal Area of Central Java. Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Law, Economics and Governance, IWLEG 2022, 27 July 2022, Semarang, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.27-7-2022.2326265

Izzah, N., & Soemitra, A. (2022). The Role Of Cash Waqf In Alleviating Poverty: Literature Study. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 8(3), 3459. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i3.5897

Kahf, M. (2003). The Role of Waqf In Improving The Ummah Welfare. The International Seminar on “Waqf as a Private Legal Body,” 1–26. http://monzer.kahf.com/papers/english/ROLE_OF_WAQF_IN_THE_WELFARE_OF_THE_UMMAH.pdf

Kamarubahrin, A. F., & Ahmed Ayedh, A. M. (2018). Critical Review on Waqf Experiences: Lessons from Muslim and Non-Muslim. IQTISHADIA, 11(2), 332. https://doi.org/10.21043/iqtishadia.v11i2.3272

Kamarubahrin, A. F., Mohammed, A., Ayedh, A., & Khairi, K. F. (2019). Accountability Practices of Waqf Institution in Selected States in Malaysia: a Critical Analysis. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 27(2), 331–352. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijema.v27i2.664

Kamaruddin, M. I. H., & Hanefah, M. M. (2021). An Empirical Investigation on waqf Governance Practices in waqf Institutions in Malaysia. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 19(3), 455–473. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfra-03-2020-0055

Kamaruddin, M. I. H., Hanefah, M. M., & Masruki, R. (2024). Challenges and prospects in waqf reporting practices in Malaysia. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 22(3), 752–765. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-01-2022-0018

Kuntowijoyo. (1993). Paradigma Islam: Interpretasi untuk aksi. Mizan Pustaka.

Kuntowijoyo. (2005). Ilmu Sosial Profetik sebagai Gerakan Intelektual. Akademi Kajian Ketamadunan.

Kuntowijoyo. (2017). Perlunya Ilmu Sosial Profetik. In A. Priyono (Ed.), Paradigma Islam: Interpretasi untuk Aksi (pp. 313–318). Mizan.

Kuntowijoyo. (2018). Paradigma Baru Ilmu-Ilmu Islam: Ilmu Sosial Profetik Sebagai Gerakan Intelektual. In Muslim Tanpa Masjid, Mencari Metode Aplikasi Nilai-Nilai Al-Qur’an pada Masa Kini (Vol. 5, Issue 7, pp. 106–112).

Kuran, T. (2001). The Provision of Public Goods under Islamic Law: Origins, Impact, and Limitations of the Waqf System. Law & Society Review, 35(4), 841. https://doi.org/10.2307/3185418

Kusdewanti, A. I., & Hatimah, H. (2016). Membangun Akuntabilitas Profetik. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 223–239. https://doi.org/10.18202/jamal.2016.08.7018

Laughlin, R. (1996). Principals and higher principals: accounting for accountability in the caring professions. Accountability: Power, Ethos and the Technologies of Managing, 225–244.

Lehman, G. (2005). A critical perspective on the harmonisation of accounting in a globalising world. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 16(7), 975–992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2003.06.004

Mansor, N., Jamil, A., & Bahari, A. (2018). Waqf Reporting: A Modified Integrated Reporting for Sustainable Islamic Social Finance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i12/5069

Maria, D. (2019). Akuntansi dan Manajemen Wakaf. Jakarta: Salemba Empat, 111.

Masrizal, M., Sukmana, R., Trianto, B., & Zaimsyah, A. M. (2023). Determinant factor of crowdfunders’ behavior in using crowdfunding waqf model in Indonesia: two competing models. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(7), 1793–1816. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2021-0246

Masruki, R., Hussainey, K., & Aly, D. (2022). Stakeholder expectations of the accountability of Malaysian State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCS): to whom and for what? Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 13(5), 760–777. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-04-2021-0130

Masruki, R., & Shafii, Z. (2013). The development of Waqf accounting in enhancing accountability. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 13(SPLISSUE), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.13.1873

Mohaiyadin, N. M., Aman, A., Palil, M. R., & Muhamad Said, S. (2022). Addressing Accountability and Transparency Challenges in Waqf Management Using Blockchain Technology. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 8, 53–80. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v8i0.1413

Mohammad, M. T. S. (2015). Theoretical and trustees’ perspectives on the establishment of an Islamic social (Waqf) bank. Humanomics, 31(1), 37–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-05-2013-0032

Mohammad, M. T. S., Mar Iman, A. H., & Omar, I. (2005). An Ideal Financial Mechanism for the Development of the Waqf Properties in Malaysia. 1–168.

Mohiddin, M. N. (2019). Waqf Development in Minority Muslim Country: Singapore’s Experience. Journal of Islamic Philanthropy and Social Finance, 2(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.24191/JIPSF/v2n12019_19-34

Musaddad, A. (2022). Productive Waqf Management of UNISMA Foundation in the Perspective of Kuntowijoyo’s Prophetic Social Theory. Journal of Economics, Finance And Management Studies, 05(02), 437–441. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v5-i2-23

Nahar, H. S., & Yaacob, H. (2011). Accountability in the sacred context. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 2(2), 87–113. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590811111170520

Ngaini, S. N., & Sholihin, M. (2023). Mauquf’alaih as a waqf accountability center (prophetic social approach). Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance Research, 5(2), 273–298. https://doi.org/10.21580/jiafr.2023.5.2.16070

O’Dwyer, B., & Unerman, J. (2008). The paradox of greater NGO accountability: A case study of Amnesty Ireland. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 33(7–8), 801–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2008.02.002

Osman, A. Z. (2012). Accountability in managing waqf properties: the case of two State Religious Councils in Malaysia. In PhD. university of LOndon.

Osman, A. Z., & Agyemang, G. (2020). Privileging downward accountability in Waqf management. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(3), 533–554. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2017-0064

Ramdani, R., Widiastuti, T., & Mawardi, I. (2024). Implementation of Islamic values in waqf governance: a systematic literature review. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(8), 1925–1941. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2023-0079

Ramli, & Muhamed, N. A. (2013). Good Governance Framework for Corporate Waqf : Towards Accountability Enhancement. World Universities’ Islamic Philanthropy Conference.

Roshayani, A., Norzaihan, M. Z., Sharina, T. U., & Ahmed, C. (2018). Modelling Maqasid Waqf Performance Measures in Waqf Institutions. Global Journal Al Thaqafah, 8(1), 157–169. https://doi.org/10.7187/GJATSI2018-11

Rusydiana, A. S. (2024). Addressing Maqasid-based Waqf for Life on Land (SDG-15): A Delphi Application. Maqasid Al-Shariah Review, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.58968/msr.v2i2.363

Sadeq, A. M. (2002). Waqf, perpetual charity and poverty alleviation. International Journal of Social Economics, 29(1/2), 135–151. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068290210413038

Sanusi, S., & Mohd Shafiai, M. H. (2015). The Management of Cash Waqf: Toward Socio-Economic Development of Muslims in Malaysia. Jurnal Pengurusan, 43(.), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.17576/2015-43-01

Sarmadi, A. (2024). The Implementation of Nazhir’s Direct Understanding of Waqf. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/5kj2x

Sartre, J.-P. (1956). Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology. Philosophical Library.

Shearer, T. (2002). Ethics and accountability: from the for-itself to the for-the-other. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 27(6), 541–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-3682(01)00036-8

Sholihah, F. D., Wahidatun Nafiah Al-Farda, & Lala Tri Wulandari. (2024). Study of the Role of Productive Waqf in Improving Community Welfare: A Qualitative Study at Rohmatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School Ringinrejo, Kediri, Indonesia. Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences, 7(4), 1649–1658. https://doi.org/10.37275/oaijss.v7i4.259

Sinclair, R., Hooper, K., & Ayoub, S. (2013). Perspectives of Accountability in Charities in New Zealand. Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 14(4), 312–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/10599231.2013.803904

Siraj, S. A., & Karbhari, Y. (2014). Financial accountability of Waqf (Pious endowment) institutions: the case of budgeting practices in state Islamic religious councils in Malaysia. 50th BAFA Annual Conference, April, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.1138.5289

Siswantoro, D. (2018). Sharia accounting standard for sukuk (Islamic bond) accounting in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 9(3), 434–447. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-11-2013-0040

Sulaiman, M., & Alhaji Zakari, M. (2019). Financial sustainability of state waqf institutions (SWIs) in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 10(2), 236–258. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2016-0054

Suyatno, S. (2023). Management and Development of Productive Waqf for Islamic Boarding Schools in Kampar Regency. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 7(1), 395–422. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v7i1.4099

Tanjung, H., & Windiarto, A. (2021). Role of Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk In Economic Development and International Trade. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 10(2), 275–290. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v10i2.20493

Uluyol, B. (2021). Mapping waqf research: a thirty-year bibliometric analysis. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 12(5), 748–767. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-01-2021-0031

Voronkova, O., Hordei, O., & Ghani, E. K. (2019). Social Integration As A Direction For Humanization Of Economic Relations And Improvement Of Social Welfare. 3(4), 52–62.

Yacoob, H., Perta, S., Sumardi, A., & Nahar, H. S. (2015). Accountability through accounting and reporting lenses Lessons from an awqaf institution in a Southeast Asia country. Humanomics, 31(3), 354–371. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-04-2014-0037

Yang, C., & Northcott, D. (2019). How can the public trust charities? The role of performance accountability reporting. Accounting & Finance, 59(3), 1681–1707. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12475

Yasmin, S., & Ghafran, C. (2019). The problematics of accountability: Internal responses to external pressures in exposed organisations. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 64, 102070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2019.01.002

Yayla, H. E. (2011). Operating regimes of the government: Accounting and accountability changes in the sultan süleyman waqf of the ottoman empire (the 1826 experience). Accounting History, 16(1), 5–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1032373210389320

Zain, N. S., Hassan, R., & Azman, S. M. M. S. (2023). Social Impact Measurement as a Tool of Governance and Accountability for Waqf Organisations. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Research, 1, 132–148. https://doi.org/10.53840/ijiefer122

Zawawi, Z., Yasin, Y., Helmy, M. I., Ma’yuf, A., & Arwani, A. (2023). Waqf and sustainable development law: models of waqf institutions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Indonesia. Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 23(1), 93–114. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v23i1.93-114

Zuki, M. S. M. (2012). Waqf and its Role In Socio-Economic Development. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 4(2), 173–178. https://doi.org/10.12816/0002755

Zulkarnaen, D., Mukhlisin, M., & Eko Pramono, S. (2021). Can Blockchain Technology Improve Accountability and Transparency of Cash Waqf in Indonesia? Journal of Economic Impact, 3(3), 158–166. https://doi.org/10.52223/jei3032105

Zulkifli, N., Ismail, M. N., Osman, G., & Ambali, A. (2022). An Empirical Investigation on Integrated Waqf Governance in Malaysian Waqf Institutions. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 7(22), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i22.4146

Downloads

Published

2025-05-31

How to Cite

Nurngaini, S., Wasyith, W., & Aniqoh, N. A. F. A. (2025). The Humanization of Accountability: A New Paradigm for Waqf Management. Economica: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 16(1), 219–240. https://doi.org/10.21580/economica.2025.16.1.25283

Issue

Section

Articles

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.