The Influence of the Digital Economy and Women's Empowerment on the Family Economy

Nela Dharmayanti*    -  Faculty of Economy and Business, Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf, Tangerang, Indonesia
Budiastuti Fatkar  -  Faculty of Economy and Business, Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf, Tangerang, Indonesia
Aisyah Ratnasari    -  Faculty of Economy and Business, Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf, Tangerang

(*) Corresponding Author

Women play an essential role in both the online and offline economies. As a result of digital era changes, women are more likely to innovate in the administration of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this study is to determine how the growth of the digital economy and the empowerment of women have influenced the family economy. This investigation included SME communities in Tangerang, Banten. The sampling technique utilised is a hybrid of probability sampling and random sampling. They are compiling data through the use of a questionnaire. There is a 97-person on number of subjects whose data can be analyzed. This research uses Partial Least Squares (PLS) to analyze the data. The findings indicated that: 1) The digital economy construct has a positive and significant influence on women's empowerment (t=2.990); 2) Women's empowerment ha a positive and significant influence on the family economy (t=7.141); and 3) The digital economy and women's empowerment has a positive and significant influence on the family economy (F=242.61). Therefore, digital-based women’s economic empowerment is a means to increase the financial independence of a family and the economic growth of the community.

Keywords: Digital economy; family economy; women’s empowerment

  1. Azizah, Sheila. “Digital Ekonomi di Indonesia,” n.d.
  2. Bayeh, Endalcachew. “The Role of Empowering Women and Achieving Gender Equality to the Sustainable Development of Ethiopia.” Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2016): 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.013.
  3. BPS Kota Tangerang. “Kecamatan Pinang dalam Angka 2020.” Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Tangerang. tangerangkota.bps.go.id, 2020. https://tangerangkota.bps.go.id/publication/2020/09/28/4dea61d19f611ec4dbff46de/kecamatan-pinang-dalam-angka-2020.html.
  4. Brynjolfsson, Erik, and Avinash Collis. “How should we measure the digital economy?” Hutchins Center Working Paper #57 (2020): 1–8.
  5. Brynjolfsson, Erik, Avinash Collis, W. Erwin Diewert, Felix Eggers, and Kevin J. Fox. “GDP-B: Accounting for the Value of New and Free Goods in the Digital Economy.” SSRN Electronic Journal, March 2019. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3356697.
  6. Capel, Tara, Dhaval Vyas, and Margot Brereton. “Women in Crisis Situations: Empowering and Supporting Women through ICTs.” In INTERACT 2017, 64–84, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67684-5_5.
  7. Crittenden, Victoria L., William F. Crittenden, and Haya Ajjan. “Empowering Women Micro-Entrepreneurs in Emerging Economies: The Role of Information Communications Technology.” Journal of Business Research 98, no. May (2019): 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.01.045.
  8. Cuberes, David, and Marc Teignier. “Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: A Critical Review.” Journal of International Development 26, no. 2 (2014): 260–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.2983.
  9. Dahlum, Sirianne, Carl Henrik Knutsen, and Valeriya Mechkova. “Women’s Political Empowerment and Economic Growth.” World Development 156 (2022): 105822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105822.
  10. Díaz Andrade, Antonio, and Bill Doolin. “Information and Communication Technology and the Social Inclusion of Refugees.” MIS Quarterly 40, no. 2 (2016): 405–16. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2016/40.2.06.
  11. Dollar, David, and Roberta Gatti. “Gender Inequality, Income and Growth: Are good times good for women?” Policy Research Report on Gender and Development Working Paper Series #1. Washington D.C, 1999.
  12. Duflo, Esther. “Women Empowerment and Economic Development.” Journal of Economic Literature 50, no. 4 (2012): 1051–79. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.50.4.1051.
  13. Elder-Vass, Dave. “Lifeworld and Systems in the Digital Economy.” European Journal of Social Theory 21, no. 2 (2018): 227–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431017709703.
  14. Fadhilah, Fadhilah. “Ekonomi Digital dalam Rangka Peningkatan Perekonomian Indonesia,” 2018.
  15. Ghozali, Imam, and Hengky Latan. Partial Least Squares: Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program SmartPLS3.0. Semarang: Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, 2014.
  16. Hamdan. “Industri 4.0: Pengaruh Revolusi Industri pada Kewirausahaan demi Kemandirian Ekonomi.” Jurnal Nusantara Aplikasi Manajemen Bisnis 3, no. 2 (2018): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.29407/nusamba.v3i2.12142.
  17. Harjanti, Arum. “Peran Perempuan di Era Digital, bukan untuk Kapitalisasi.” Muslimahnews.com, June 1, 2019. https://www.muslimahnews.com/2018/06/01/peran-perempuan-di-era-digital-bukan-untuk-kapitalisasi/.
  18. Haryani, Tiyas Nur, and Raina Zadyanti. “Analisis Gender Model Longwe pada Program Industri Rumahan di Kota Pangkalpinang.” Buana Gender: Jurnal Studi Gender dan Anak 6, no. 2 (2021): 137–49. https://doi.org/10.22515/bg.v6i2.4037.
  19. Hubeis, H. “Pengembangan Metode Kepulenan Nasi.” [Master Thesis]. Institut Pertanian Bogor, 1985.
  20. Huyer, Shopia, and Swasti Mitter. “ICTs, Globalisation and Poverty Reduction: Gender Dimensions of the Knowledge Society.” New York, 2003.
  21. Huyer, Shopia, and T. Sikosa. “Overcoming the Gender Digital Divide: Understanding ICTs and Their Potential for the Empowerment of Women.” Santo Domingo, 2003.
  22. Kabeer, Naila. “Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment: A Critical Analysis of the Third Millennium Development Goal.” Gender & Development 13, no. 1 (2005): 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552070512331332273.
  23. Lestari, Retno Budi. “Pemberdayaan Wanita Melalui Teknologi Informasi (Sebuah Kajian Pustaka).” Seminar Nasional Aplikasi Teknologi Informasi 2010 (SNATI 2010), 2010.
  24. Maghfuri, Ahmad. “Analisis Kekuatan E-Enterpreneurship terhadap Perkembangan Ekonomi Digital dalam Menyokong Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Nasional,” 2017.
  25. Maidment, Jane, and Selma Macfarlane. “Craft Groups: Sites of Friendship, Empowerment, Belonging and Learning for Older Women.” Groupwork 19, no. 1 (2009): 10–25. https://doi.org/10.1921/095182409X471802.
  26. Maier, Sylvia, and Usha Nair-Reichert. “Empowering Women through ICT-Based Business Initiatives: An Overview of Best Practices in E-Commerce/E-Retailing Projects.” Information Technologies and International Development 4, no. 2 (2008): 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1162/itid.2008.00007.
  27. Martiany, Dina. “Tantangan Dan Peluang Revolusi Industri 4.0 bagi Perempuan,” 2019.
  28. Mayoux, Linda. “Participatory Learning for Women’s Empowerment in Micro-Finance Programmes: Negotiating Complexity, Conflict and Change.” IDS Bulletin 29, no. 4 (1998): 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1998.mp29004005.x.
  29. Mosedale, Sarah. “Assessing Women’s Empowerment: Towards a Conceptual Framework.” Journal of International Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 243–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1212.
  30. Obayelu, Abiodun Elijah, and I. Ogunlade. “Analysis of the Uses of Information Communication Technology (ICT) for Gender Empowerment and Sustainable Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria.” International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology 2, no. 3 (2006): 45–69.
  31. Puspitawati, Herien. Gender dan Keluarga: Konsep dan Realita di Indonesia. Bogor: IPB Press, 2012.
  32. ———. “Ketahanan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga,” 2013.
  33. Putri, Arista Amanda, Cornelia Kristiana Putri, Anis Fuadah, and Rizky Firmansyah. “Perkembangan Ekonomi Digital di Indonesia: Peluang atau Ancaman?” In Prosiding National Seminar on Accounting, Finance, and Economics (NSAFE). Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang, 2021.
  34. Rahman, Syed Abidur, Seyedeh Khadijeh Taghizadeh, T. Ramayah, and Mirza Mohammad Didarul Alam. “Technology Acceptance among Micro-Entrepreneurs in Marginalized Social Strata: The Case of Social Innovation in Bangladesh.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 118 (2017): 236–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.01.027.
  35. Rakhmat, Jalaluddin. Islam Alternatif: Ceramah-ceramah di Kampus. Bandung: Mizan, 1998.
  36. Ramaiah, Angayar Kanni. “Competition in Digital Economy: Fate of Consumer Welfare in Malaysia.” Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics 22, no. Special Edition 1 (2019): 223–45.
  37. Remiswal. Menggugah Partisipasi Gender di Lingkungan Komunitas Lokal. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2013.
  38. Rianse, Usman, and Abdi Abdi. Metodologi Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi (Teori dan Aplikasi). Bandung: Alfabeta, 2012.
  39. Sari, Nurul Amalia. “Pengaruh Perkembangan Ekonomi Digital terhadap Pendapatan Pelaku Usaha UMKM di Kota Makasar.” [Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis]. Universitas Negeri Makassar, 2019.
  40. Soekanto, Soerjono, and Budi Sulistyowati. Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2017.
  41. Suarmini, Ni Wayan, Siti Zahrok, and Dyah Satya Yoga Agustin. “Peluang dan Tantangan Peran Perempuan di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0.” In Seminar Nasional Teknologi Dan Perubahan (SEMATEKSOS) 3 2018. Surabaya: Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November, 2018.
  42. Sugiharto, Eddi Cahyono. “Ekonomi Digital: The New Face of Indonesia’s Economy.” setneg.go.id, January 29, 2019. https://www.setneg.go.id/baca/index/ekonomi_digital_the_new_face_of_indonesias_economy.
  43. Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Kombinasi, R&D dan Penelitian Pendidikan). Bandung: Alfabeta, 2019.
  44. Susantokun. “Definisi Digital Economy.” susantokun.com, March 14, 2017. https://susantokun.com/Definisi-Digital-Economy-Ekonomi-Digital-Indonesia/.
  45. Suwarni, Emi, Kristina Sedyastuti, and A. Haidar Mirza. “Peluang dan Hambatan Pengembangan Usaha Mikro pada Era Ekonomi Digital.” Ikraith Ekonomika 2, no. 2 (2019): 29–34.
  46. Tapscott, Don. The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril in the Age of Networked Intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1996.
  47. Triatman, Joice. “Menyiapkan Perempuan dalam Era Digital.” mediaindonesia.com, August 23, 2018. https://mediaindonesia.com/opini/180094/menyiapkan-perempuan-dalam-era-digital.
  48. Widyastuti, Dhyah Ayu Retno, Ranggabumi Nuswantoro, and Thomas Adi Purnomo Sidhi. “Literasi Digital pada Perempuan Pelaku Usaha Produktif di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.” Jurnal ASPIKOM 3, no. 1 (2016): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v3i1.95.
  49. Yin, Zhichao, Xue Gong, Peiyao Guo, and Tao Wu. “What drives entrepreneurship in digital economy? Evidence from China.” Economic Modelling 82, no. September (2019): 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.09.026.
  50. Yunus, M. Menciptakan Dunia tanpa Kemiskinan. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2008.

Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Publisher:
Center for Gender and Child Studies (Pusat Studi Gender dan Anak)
LP2M, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang.
Central Java, Indonesia


Sawwa Visitor Statistics
 
apps