Gender-based Dayah: The Role of Female Ulama in Trauma Recovery Strategies for Sexual Violence Victims in Aceh

Fathayatul Husna*    -  Department of Communication, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Teuku Umar, Aceh Barat, Indonesia
Ainal Fitri    -  Department of Communication, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Teuku Umar, Aceh Barat, Indonesia

(*) Corresponding Author
DOI: 10.21580/sa.v18i2.17416

This article delves into the escalating cases of sexual violence in Aceh and the imperative need for trauma recovery efforts. Umi Hanisah, an Acehnese female ulama and founder of Dayah Diniyah Darussalam, the sole gender justice-oriented Islamic boarding school in Aceh, is pivotal in addressing this issue. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this research explores Umi Hanisah’s endeavors to heal the trauma of child victims of sexual violence. Data collection includes in-depth interviews, observation of the Dayah environment, documentation, and literature studies. Findings reveal Umi Hanisah’s authoritative approach in accommodating and recovering victims through a religious lens. She contends that the Islamic religious approach can emancipate victims from the chains of trauma, supplemented by Aceh’s local wisdom values as a foundation for trauma recovery, empowering victims to reintegrate into their communities.

Keywords: Dayah Diniyah Darussalam; gender equality; sexual violence; trauma recovery; Umi Hanisah

  1. Abdullah, Abdullah, Nawir Yuslem, and Hafsah Hafsah. “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual di Kabupaten Aceh Utara.” Istinbath 21, no. 1 (2022): 27–56. https://doi.org/10.20414/ijhi.v21i1.485.
  2. Alkhanif, Alkhanif. Women, Islam, And Modern Family Construction in the Perspectives of Legal Pluralism in Indonesia. Petita: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Syariah. Vol. 4, 2019. https://doi.org/10.22373/petita.v4i2.24.
  3. Apriyani, Maria Novita. “Implementasi Restitusi bagi Korban Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual.” Risalah Hukum 17, no. 1 (2021): 1–10.
  4. Atthahara, Haura. “Perempuan dan Kekuasaan: Studi Kasus Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan oleh TNI di Aceh pada Masa Darurat Militer dan Darurat Sipil Tahun 2003-2005.” Jurnal Politikom Indonesiana 3, no. 2 (2018): 104.
  5. BBC. “Rumah Aman Penyintas Kekerasan Seksual di Aceh: Pernah Diusir dari Kampung Namun Tetap Berjuang ‘Karena Cinta.’” BBC News Indonesia, October 20, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/ck7e12klxxno.
  6. BBC. “Rumoh Geudong: ‘Saya Disetrum dan Digantung dengan Kaki di Atas’, Trauma Anak Muda Aceh.” BBC News Indonesia, June 23, 2023. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-65845473.
  7. Brinkmann, S. “Unstructured and Semi-Structured Interviewing.” In the Oxford Handbook of Qualitative Research, edited by P. Leavy, 277–99. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
  8. Farid, Muhammad Rifa’at Adiakarti. “Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan dalam Ketimpangan Relasi Kuasa: Studi Kasus di Rifka Annisa Women’s Crisis Center.” Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender 14, no. 2 (2019): 175–90. https://doi.org/10.21580/sa.v14i2.4062.
  9. Feener, R Michael. “State Shari’a and Its Limits.” In Islam and the Limits of the State: Reconfigurations of Practise, Community and Authority in Contemporary Aceh, edited by R Michael Feener, David Kloos, and Annemarie Samuels, 1–23. Leiden: Brill, 2016.
  10. Habibie, Temy Andreas, and Qurotul Uyun. “Model Intervensi Islam dalam Penanganan Gejala Gangguan Stress Pasca Trauma pada Orang Tua yang Memiliki Anak sebagai Korban Kekerasan Seksual.” Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Psychology (JICOP) 3, no. 1s (2023): 221–30. https://doi.org/10.25299/jicop.v3i1s.12363.
  11. Hasanah, Ulfatun, and Najahan Musyafak. “Gender and Politics: Keterlibatan Perempuan dalam Pembangunan Politik.” Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender 12, no. 3 (2018): 409–32. https://doi.org/10.21580/sa.v12i3.2080.
  12. Hegarty, Kelsey, Laura Tarzia, Leesa Hooker, and Angela Taft. “Interventions to Support Recovery after Domestic and Sexual Violence in Primary Care.” International Review of Psychiatry 28, no. 5 (2016): 519–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2016.1210103.
  13. Herman, Judith Lewis. Trauma and Recovery. New York: Basic Books, 1992.
  14. Ihsan, Maulana. “Book Review: Sketsa Perjuangan Ulama Perempuan dalam Menegakkan Kemanusiaan.” Musawa: Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 13, no. 2 (2014): 207–12. https://doi.org/musawa.2014.132.207-212.
  15. Inayatillah, Inayatillah, and Mellyan Mellyan. “Gendering Covid-19: The Role of Women in Strengthening the Family Economy.” Gender Equality: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies 8, no. 2 (2022): 123–34. https://doi.org/10.22373/equality.v8i2.13054.
  16. Junaidi, Akhmad Arif. “Kongres Ulama Perempuan Indonesia (KUPI) and Mubādalah Approach in Interpreting the Gender Biased-Qur’anic Verses.” Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender 18, no. 1 (2023): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.21580/sa.v18i1.17269.
  17. Kasanah, Nur. “Mursyidah Tarekat: Kesetaraan Gender dalam Otoritas Keagamaan di Madura.” Ansoruna: Journal of Islam and Youth Movement 1, no. 2 (2022). https://ansoruna.org/index.php/ansoruna/article/view/12.
  18. Khodafi, Muhammad. “Dinamika Otoritas Ulama Perempuan Indonesia di Ruang Publik (Kebangkitan Nyai dalam Komunitas Muslim Tradisional Nahdlatul Ulama).” In Islam Indonesia Pasca Reformasi, 122. Surabaya: Imtiyaz, 2015.
  19. Kloos, David, and Mirjam Künkler. “Studying Females Islamic Authority: From TopDown to Bottom-Up Modes of Certification.” Asian Studies Review 40, no. 4 (2016): 482. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2016.1227300.
  20. Koegler, Erica, Caitlin Kennedy, Janvier Mrindi, Richard Bachunguye, Peter Winch, Paul Ramazani, Maphie Tosha Makambo, and Nancy Glass. “Understanding How Solidarity Groups—A Community-Based Economic and Psychosocial Support Intervention—Can Affect Mental Health for Survivors of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Democratic Republic of the Congo.” Violence Against Women 25, no. 3 (2019): 359–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801218778378.
  21. KontraS. “23 Tahun Peringatan DOM Aceh: Status Dicabut, Kasus Tak Kunjung Diusut.” KontraS, August 7, 2021. https://kontras.org/2021/08/07/23-tahun-peringatan-dom-aceh-status-dicabut-kasus-tak-kunjung-diusut/.
  22. LPSK. “Banyak Korban Kekerasan Seksual Takut Melapor.” lpsk.go.id. 17, 2016. https://lpsk.go.id/berita/detailpersrelease/2473.
  23. Maisun, Dara. “Generasi Milennial dan Qanun Jinayat Aceh di Media Sosial: Tanggapan terhadap Qanun Jinayat Pasal Kekerasan Seksual.” Al-Hikmah Media Dakwah, Komunikasi, Sosial dan Kebudayaan 13, no. 1 (2022): 21–27. https://doi.org/10.32505/hikmah.v13i1.3973.
  24. Maisun, Dara, Inayah Rohmaniyah, and Hablun Ilhami. “Persepsi Masyarakat Tentang Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan dalam Rumah Tangga di Sigli Aceh: Analisis Wacana Kritis Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan dalam Rumah Tangga di Sigli Aceh.” Mukaddimah: Jurnal Studi Islam 6, no. 1 (2022): 131–60. https://doi.org/10.14421/mjsi.61.2869.
  25. Mawarpury, Marty. “Analisis Koping dan Pertumbuhan Pasca-Trauma pada Masyarakat Terpapar Konflik.” Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi 3, no. 2 (2018): 211–22. https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v3i2.2818.
  26. Muhtador, Moh. “Otoritas Keagamaan Perempuan (Studi Atas Fatwa-Fatwa Perempuan di Perempuan Kauman Jekulo Kudus).” Kafa`ah: Journal of Gender Studies 10, no. 1 (2020): 39–50. https://doi.org/10.15548/jk.v10i1.267.
  27. Muyassarah, Hanifah. “Balai Perempuan Annisa: Ruang Partisipasi bagi Perempuan Cilacap.” Swara Rahima, June 20, 2022. https://swararahima.com/2022/06/20/balai-perempuan-annisa-ruang-partisipasi-bagi-perempuan-cilacap/.
  28. Nashriyah, Nashriyah, Alfiatunnur Alfiatunnur, and Tya D. J. Hermawan. “Examining the Efforts of the Aceh Government in Dealing with Child Victims of Sexual Violence.” Gender Equality: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies 7, no. 2 (2021): 273–87. https://doi.org/10.22373/equality.v7i2.10903.
  29. Nauval, Cut. “855 Kasus Kekerasan Perempuan dan Anak di Aceh Hingga November 2022.” Waspada Aceh, December 13, 2022. https://waspadaaceh.com/855-kasus-kekerasan-perempuan-dan-anak-di-aceh-hingga-november-2022/.
  30. Nora. “Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online Marak Terjadi Sejak Dua Terakhir, Ini Datanya.” Dialeksis.com, December 11, 2021. https://dialeksis.com/aceh/kekerasan-berbasis-gender-online-marak-terjadi-sejak-dua-terakhir-ini-datanya/.
  31. Ocktaviana, Sentiela, and Suraiya Kamaruzzaman. “Examining Women, Peace, and Security Agenda in Local Concept Case Study: Aceh, Indonesia.” Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya 23, no. 2 (2021): 127–40. https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v23i2.1403.
  32. Rachmad, Andi, Yusi Amdani, and Zaki Ulya. “Kontradiksi Pengaturan Hukuman Pelaku Pelecehan Seksual terhadap Anak di Aceh.” Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 10, no. 2 (2021): 315–36. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.10.2.2021.315-336.
  33. Rahmi, Atikah, and Hotma Siregar. “Community-Based Recovery for Sexual Violence Victims: The Case of Hapsari.” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 20, no. 1 (2020): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v20i1.13520.
  34. Ratu, Bau. “Psikologi Humanistik (Carl Rogers) dalam Bimbingan dan Konseling.” Kreatif 17, no. 3 (2014): 10–18. http://jurnal.untad.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/Kreatif/article/view/3349.
  35. Razak, Yusron, and Ilham Mundzir. “Otoritas Agama Ulama Perempuan: Relevansi Pemikiran Nyai Masriah Amwa terhadap Kesetaraan Gender dan Pluralisme.” Palastren: Jurnal Studi Gender 12, no. 2 (2019): 397–430. https://doi.org/10.21043/palastren.v12i2.5981.
  36. Rogers, Carl R. “Some Questions and Challenges Facing a Humanistic Psychology.” Journal of Humanistic Psychology 5, no. 1 (1965): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/002216786500500101.
  37. Safrida, Safrida, and Desi Maulida. “Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Menanggulangi Kekerasan Seksual Anak di Bawah Umur (Studi di Kabupaten Aceh Utara).” Jurnal Public Policy 6, no. 1 (2020): 45–50. https://doi.org/10.35308/jpp.v6i1.1765.
  38. Safrina. “KemenPPPA-DP3A Aceh Cegah dan Tangani Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan.” acehprov.go.id, 2023. https://www.acehprov.go.id/berita/kategori/pemerintahan/kemen-pppa-dp3a-aceh-cegah-dan-tangani-kekerasan-terhadap-perempuan.
  39. Sahara, Siti, Yuni Elisdawati, and Auliaurrahman Auliaurrahman. “Kajian Viktimologi terhadap Kekerasan dalam Keluarga di Aceh.” Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan 18, no. spi (2023): 174–82. https://doi.org/10.33059/jhsk.v18iKhusus.8184.
  40. Sari, Jayanti, Neni Sriwahyuni, and Susniwati Susniwati. “Kolaborasi Aktor pada Penangan Kekerasn terhadap Perempuan di Kabupaten Aceh Tamian.” Asketik: Jurnal Agama dan Perubahan Sosial 5, no. 1 (2021): 30–42. https://doi.org/10.30762/asketik.v5i1.95.
  41. Simfoni-PPA. “Perbandingan Jumlah Kasus Kekerasan Seksual.” Kemenpppa.go.id, 2023. https://kekerasan.kemenpppa.go.id/ringkasan.
  42. Simfoni-PPA. “Peta Sebaran Jumlah Kasus Kekerasan Menurut Provinsi, Tahun 2023.” Kemenpppa.go.id, 2023. https://kekerasan.kemenpppa.go.id/ringkasan.
  43. Srimulyani, Eka. “Teungku Inong Dayah: Females Religious Leaders in Contemporary Aceh.” In Islam and the Limits of the State: Reconfigurations of Practise, Community and Authority in Contemporary Aceh2, edited by Michael Feener, David Kloos, and Annemarie Samuels, 141. Leiden: Brill, 2016.
  44. Sumardi, Dedy, Ratno Lukito, and Moch Nur Ichwan. “Legal Pluralism within the Space of Sharia: Interlegality of Criminal Law Traditions in Aceh, Indonesia.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 5, no. 1 (2021): 426–49. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9303.
  45. Tan, Mely G. “Dimensi Sosial dan Kultural Kekerasan Berdasarkan Jender di Indonesia: Dari Penjulukan ke Diskriminasi ke Kekerasan.” Antropogi Indonesia, 2003, 46.
  46. Voges, Kathryn Kirsten, Toar Neman Palilingan, and Tommy Sumakul. “Penegakan Hukum Kepada Pelaku Pelecehan Seksual terhadap Perempuan yang Dilakukan Secara Online.” Lex Crimen 11, no. 4 (2022): 5.
  47. Wahyuni, Tri, and Silvano Hajid. “Kisah Anak Perempuan Aceh yang Disekap dan Diperkosa Sejumlah Laki-Laki.” BBC News Indonesia, July 24, 2023. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/cgr80r6yjgro.
  48. Yuliartini, Ni Putu Rai, and Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku. “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual.” Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 6, no. 2 (2021): 342–49. https://doi.org/10.17977/um019v6i2p342-349.
  49. Yunus, Muhammad. “Menjadi Janda di Kampung Janda: Narasi Historis Perempuan Korban Konflik di Pidie Jaya.” Jurnal Adabiya 23, no. 2 (2021): 177. https://doi.org/10.22373/adabiya.v23i2.10265.
  50. Yusuf, Yusuf. “Daftar Empat Pesantren Pro-Korban Kekerasan Seksual di Pulau Jawa.” IBTimes, May 5, 2022. https://ibtimes.id/daftar-empat-pesantren-pro-korban-kekerasan-seksual-di-pulau-jawa/.

Open Access Copyright (c) 2023 Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Publisher:
Center for Gender and Child Studies (Pusat Studi Gender dan Anak)
LP2M, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang.
Central Java, Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Sawwa Visitor Statistics
 
apps