RESPONS NABI TERHADAP TRADISI JAHILIYYAH: Studi Reportase Hadis Nabi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/teo.2017.28.1.1338Keywords:
jahiliyyah, tradisi, respons Nabi, adopsi, akomodasiAbstract
Abstract: This writing aims to study about the dialogue between norm and culture; in this case dialogue between Muhammad as Messenger of God with his people at that time. As we knew that all societies, including Arabic people, absolutely had their own specific tradition. When Muhammad comes to them and offering new norm, ideology and believe, it will appear the dialogue between these two traditions. The question is what is Muhammad do to respond that tradition? This article is based on library research relating to the hadith literature dealing with Muh}ammad’s respond to the tradition of Arabic people. To make the research easier, the word “al-jāhiliyyah” will be used as an entry point to look for jāhiliyyah tradition. The are four important things can be noted to explain the response of Muh}ammad to the tradition of jāhiliyyah. The first, total accommodation. The second, total refuse or total correction. The third, particular accommodation. The fourth, synchronization and modification.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bermaksud mengkaji tentang dialog agama dan budaya; dalam hal ini dialog antara Nabi Muhammad dengan budaya masyarakat Arab jahiliyyah saat itu. Sebuah masyarakat, termasuk masyarakat Arab sebelum kedatangan Islam, bukanlah masyarakat yang steril dari pengaruh agama, adat istiadat, akhlak serta peraturan-peraturan hidup yang telah ada di kalangan mereka. Begitu Islam datang dengan segala norma yang ada di dalamnya, maka Islam menjadi filter bagi budaya, adat istiadat dan keyakinan yang sudah ada di kalangan masyarakat Aran pra Islam. Pertanyaannya adalah bagaimana respon Muh}ammad saw terhadap tradisi itu? Kajian ini didasarkan pada penelitian literatur ḥadīth yang berisi respon Nabi terhadap tradisi masyarakat Arab saat itu. Untuk memudahkan pembahasan ini, kata “al-jāhiliyyah” digunakan sebagai entri point guna melacak hadis-hadis yang berkenaan dengan tema kajian ini. Ada empat temuan penting yang bisa dicatat berkenaan dengan respon Nabi terhadap tradisi jāhiliyyah. Pertama, tradisi yang secara utuh diakomodasi (total accomodation). Kedua, tradisi yang secara total ditolak atau total dikoreksi (total refuse or total correction). Ketiga, tradisi yang sebagiannya diadopsi tetapi sebagian yang lain ditolak (particular accomodation). Keempat, tradisi yang secara prinsip tetap dilestarikan dengan sedikit modifikasi di sana-sini (sincronization and modification).
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