KAJIAN POSKOLONIAL GERAKAN PEMIKIRAN DAN SIKAP ULAMA PESANTREN TEGALSARI DALAM PUSARAN KONFLIK MULTIDIMENSIONAL DI JAWA (1742-1862)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/teo.2018.29.1.2434Keywords:
gerakan pemikiran, ulama, Pesantren Tegalsari, gejolak politik, konflik multidimensionalAbstract
Abstract: Pesantren Tegalsari was one of the most influential religious-education institutions in Java during 18-19 century. Those years were the golden era of Pesantren Tegalsari which was known as an institution that produced “pujangga” (Javanese intellectuals) and the people of Tegalsari village was well known for producing high quality of dluwang (traditional paper). On the other hand, the 18-19 century itself was a time of turmoil, both socially and politically. Some events such as Geger Pacina (1742), Javanese Succession War III (1746–1755), Java War (1825-1830), and Cultuurstelsel (1830–1917) were crucial moments in the history of Indonesia, especially in Java. At this point, the ulema (Islamic scholars) of Pesantren Tegalsari played an important role. Thought and attitude movements of ulema (Islamic scholars) in Pesantren Tegalsari had determined the existence of the pesantren and the economic cycle of local commmunity. Historical research with post-colonial political approach was used to study the thought and attitude movement of ulama (Islamic scholars) in Pesantren Tegalsari during 1742–1862. The result of this research shows that Pesantren Tegalsari had a political line to not engage in practical politics. This political line was followed by all the leaders of Pesantren Tegalsari. As the result, Pesantren Tegalsari developed into an institution that produced poets and transformed into a place to seek legitimacy in social, academic, and politic.
Abstrak: Pesantren Tegalsari merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan-keagamaan yang paling berpengaruh di Jawa abad 18-19. Tahun-tahun tersebut merupakan masa keemasan dari Pesantren Tegalsari yang dikenal sebagai lembaga pencetak pujangga (intelektual Jawa). Bagi masyarakat Desa Tegalsari sendiri, tahun-tahun itu adalah masa perekonomian yang dikembangkan sedang mengalami pertumbuhan yang pesat. Desa Tegalsari terkenal sebagai daerah penghasil dluwang (kertas tradisional) berkualitas tinggi yang diekspor ke berbagai daerah. Di sisi yang lain, abad 18-19 sendiri merupakan masa yang penuh dengan gejolak, baik secara sosial maupun politik. Beberapa peristiwa seperti geger pacina (1742), Perang Suksesi Jawa III (1746-1755), Perang Jawa (1825-1830), dan kebijakan tanam paksa (1830-1917) merupakan momen-momen krusial dalam perjalanan sejarah Indonesia, khususnya di pulau Jawa. Pada titik inilah ulama Pesantren Tegalsari, sebagai salah satu pimpinan lembaga pendidikan-keagamaan paling berpengaruh di Jawa abad 18-19 sekaligus tokoh panutan bagi masyarakat sekitar, memiliki peranan penting. Gerakan pemikiran dan sikap dari ulama Pesantren Tegalsari menjadi sangat menentukan eksistensi pesantren dan perputaran roda perekonomian masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian historis dengan pendekatan politik-poskolonial akan digunakan untuk mengkaji gerakan pemikiran dan sikap ulama Pesantren Tegalsari tahun 1742-1862. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pesantren Tegalsari memiliki garis politik untuk tidak terjun dalam politik praktis. Garis politik inilah yang diikuti oleh semua pimpinan Pesantren Tegalsari. Hasilnya adalah, Pesantren Tegalsari berkembang menjadi lembaga pencetak pujangga dan menjelma sebagai tempat untuk mencari legitimasi, baik secara sosial, akademik, maupun politik
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