Murshid Contestation: Betwen Iktisābī and Minhāh Ilāhiyyah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/tos.v6i2.3386Keywords:
Qualifications, Murshid, Naqsabandiyyah Khalidiyyah, Wedung DistrictAbstract
A murshid has a great duty and responsibility to conduct suluk formation (spiritual journey) to his students. So that the murshid are also required to have adequate competence and qualifications, in order to carry out their duties and functions. The functions and duties of the murshid in the tarekat (the path of Islamic Mysticsm) are very important, because only a murshid has the qualifications, abilities and expertise that can carry out their functions correctly, correctly and run accordingly. So that this aspect of ability and expertise will later be discussed as a discussion of the qualifications of a murshid in the tarekat. What is the actual qualification of murshid in the tarekat and what is its function in that proximity. This research is a type of field research. That is with the object of the study of the murshid of the Naqsabandiyyah Khalidiyyah in the sub-district of wedung precisely in the village of Jetak (KH. Abdul Haq), Buko village (KH. Ali Hafidz and KH. Ahmad Dalhar) and Mutih village (KH. Mansur Sanusi). The author collects data using the method of field observation, interviews and documentation. Next, the writer analyzes the data using descriptive analysis and understands the meaning. The results of the study stated that the murshid of the Naqsabandiyyah Khalidiyah tarekat in Wedung District argued that between the murshid tarekat function is hifdz sanad, talqin, tawassul, rabitah, tawajjuh and irsyad. While the qualifications to become murshid, among others; First, a murshid must be someone who is pious and amil bi ilmihi. The second has a clean heart, Third, has completed or khatam dzikir and khalwat tarekat (riyadhah), Fourth, has a murshid sanad, even though the inqitha'us sanad is from its predecessor murshid but continued with other murshid teachers in the same type of tarekat. Fifth, get permission from the murshid teacher. Sixth, knowing the wisdom behind all acts of worship (if possible). Through this research, the author recommends the need to study more about the wider range of murshid tarekat qualifications and not just the Naqsabandiyyah Khalidiyyah tarekat Indonesia. Thus, the form of the murshid qualifications will be found in several comprehensive tarekat
Downloads
References
Abdurrahman, Muslih, Risalah Tuntunan Thariqah Qadiriyyah wan Naqsabandiyyah, translated by M. Hanif Muslih, dari al-Mawāhib al-Raḥmāniyyah an-Nūrāniyyah, Semarang: Toha Putra, 2011.
Aceh, Abu Bakar, Pengantar Ilmu Tarekat, Solo: Ramadhani, 1996.
Agnia, Shahda, “Meneladani Syaikh Yusuf al-Makasari: Murshid Tarekat dan Sosok Pejuang,” Jurnal Multikultural dan Multireligius Harmoni Vol. VIII No 31, Juli – September 2009.
al-Anṣāri, Jamāl ad-Dīn ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-‘Arab, Beirut: Dār S{ādir, 1414 H.
Alba, Cecep, “Tasawuf dan Tarekat (Dimensi Esoterik Ajaran Islam),” Resensi Buku Oleh Qari’ah A. Siregar, Jurnal Sosioteknologi, edisi 27 tahun 11, Desember 2012.
Arwan, “Peranan KH. Abdul Mu’thi dalam pengembangan dakwah Islamiyyah melalui Thariqat Qadiriyah Wanaqsabandiyah di Bengkalis,” Jurnal an-Nida’ Vol. 38 No. 1 Januari – Juni 2013.
Bachri, Saifuddin, Thariqah Naqsyabandiyyah Khalidiyyah dan Aktifitas Ekonomi: Studi Thariqah di Pondok Khufadz Yanbu’ul Qur’an Kudus, Tesis PPs IAIN Walisongo Semarang, 2004.
Badruzzaman, Baden, Mengenal Lebih Dekat Thariqah, Jakarta: Idarah Wustha JATMAN, 2011.
Bruinnessen, Martin Van, Tarekat Naqsabandiyyah di Indonesia, Bandung: Mizan, 1996.
Burhani, Ahmad Najib, “Tarekat” Tanpa Tarekat Jalan Baru Menjadi Sufi, Jakarta: Serambi, 2002.
Darniqah, M. Aḥmad, Taṣawwuf al-Islāmī: aṭ-Ṭarīqah al-Naqsabandiyyah wa ‘Alamuha, Jarus Bars, n.d.
Dhofier, Zamakhsyari, Tradisi Pesantren, Studi tentang Pandangan Hidup Kyai, Jakarta: LP3ES, 1987.
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad bin Muḥammad bin Muḥammad, “Khulāṣah fī at-Taṣawwuf” dalam Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad bin Muḥammad bin Muḥammad al-Gazālī, Majmū‘ Rasā’il al-Imām al-Gazālī, Beirut: Dār Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, n.d.
———, Mīzān al-‘Amal, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, n.d.
———, Ihyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn, Beirut: Dār Jail, 1992.
———, Ayyuhā al-Walad, Surabaya: al-Hidāyah.
Ḥakīm, ‘Abd al-Ḥamīd, Mabādi’ Awwaliyyah fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh wa al-Qawā’id al-Fiqhiyyah, Jakarta: Maktabah Sa’diyyah Putra, n.d.
Ḥawwā’, Sa’īd, Mudhakkirāt fī Manāzil al-S{iddīqīn wa ar-Rabbāniyyīn, Beirut: Dār Ammar, n.d.
Hadi, Abdul, Thariqah Qadiriyyah wan Naqsabandiyyah: Untaian Mutiara Mutu Manikam, Kendal: Pustaka Amanah, 2012.
al-Ḥasanī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ‘Ajībah, Īqāẓ al-Himam fī Sharḥ al-Ḥikam, Kairo: Dār al-Ma’ārif, n.d.
Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad bin Mukram, Lisān al-‘Arab, Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, vol. III, 1414 H.
‘Iyāḍ, Aḥmad bin Muḥammad, al-Mafākhir al-‘Āliyah, Surabaya: al-Ḥaramain, 1423H.
Jamil, Muhsin, Tarekat dan Dinamika Sosial Politik: Tafsir Sosial Sufisme Nusantara, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2005.
al-Jailānī, Abd al-Qādir, al-Ghunyah li Ṭālibī Ṭarīq al-H{aqq fī al-Akhlāq wa at- Taṣawwuf wa al-Adāb al-Islāmiyyah, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyyah, n.d.
al-Jīliy, Muḥy al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Qādir, Sirr al-Asrār wa Maẓhar al-Anwār, Mesir: al-Bahiyyah al-Miṣriyyah, n.d.
al-Kamsyakhanāwī, Aḥmad, Jāmi‘ al-Uṣūl fī al-Auliyā’ wa Anwā‘ihim, Surabaya: Haramain, n.d..
al-Kurdī, Muḥammad Amīn, Tanwīr al-Qulūb fī Mu‘āmalah ‘Allām al- Guyūb, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1994.
al-Makkī, Abu Ṭālib Muḥammad bin ‘Ali, Qūt Qulūb fī Mu‘āmalah Maḥbūb, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
Masyhudi, A. Aziz, Permasalahan Thariqah: Hasil Kesepakatan Muktamar & Musyawarah Besar Jam’iyyah Ahlith Thariqah al-Mu’tabarah Nahdlatul Ulama (1957-2005 M) Surabaya, Jombang: Khalista, 2006.
Moleong, Lexy J., Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011.
Morissan, Metode Penelitian Survei, Jakarta: Kencana, 2012.
Mufid, Ahmad Syafi‟i, Tangklukan, Abangan dan Tarekat: Kebangkitan Agama di Jawa, Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2006.
Mulyati, Sri, Mengenal & Memahami Tarekat-Tarekat Muktabarah di Indonesia, Jakarta: Kencana, 2005.
———, Peran Edukasi Tarekat Qadiriyyah Naqsabandiyyah dengan Referensi Utama Suryalaya, Jakarta: Kencana, 2010.
Muṣt}afā, Abū Abbās Sayyidī Aḥmad bin, al-Minah al-Qudsiyyah fī Sharḥ al-Murshid al-Mu‘īn bi Ṭarīq al-Ṣūfiyyah, Beirut: Dār Ibn Zaidun, 1986.
al-Mustaganami, ibn Alawiyyah, Minaḥ al-Qudsiyyah, Bairut: Dar Ibnu Zaidun, n.d.
Musyafiq, Ahmad, Tarekat dan Tantangan Posmodernitas: Studi Kasus Tarekat Qadiriyyah wan Naqshabandiyyah Usmaniyyah, Semarang: Walisongo Press, 2011.
al-Nakhjuwānī, Ni’matullah ibn Maḥmūd, al-Fawātiḥ al-Ilāhiyyah wa al-Mafātiḥ al-Gaibiyyah, Mesir: Dār Rukābi, 1999.
al-Nāzilī, Muḥammad Ḥaqqi, Khazīnat al-Asrār Jalīlat al-Adhkār, Indonesia: Haramain, n.d.
Ni‟am, Syamsul, Wasiat Tarekat Hadratus Syaikh Hasyim Asy’ari, Jogjakarta: ar-Ruzz Media, 2011.
Ohlander, Erik S., Sufism in an Age of Transition: Umar al-Suhrawardi and the Rise of the Islamic Mystical Brotherhoods, Leiden: Brill, 2008.
al-Qaṭṭānī, Sa’īd bin Musfir, Buku Putih Syaikh Abdul Qadir al-Jailaniy (terj.), Jakarta: Darul Falah, 2005.
al-Qusyairī, Abū Qāsim ‘Abd al-Karīm bin Hawāzin, al-Risālah al-Qusyairiyyah, Jakarta: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyyah, 2011.
Ṣubḥī, Aḥmad Maḥmūd, al-Falsafah al-Akhlāqiyyah fī al-Fikr al-Islāmī, Mesir: Dār al-Ma’ārif, n.d.
Sālim, Muḥammad Ibrahim Muḥammad, Kifāyah al-Manṣaf fī Fahm at-Taṣawwuf, n.d.
Saleh, A. Fauzan, “Tarekat dan Reposisi antara Kelas Bawah dan Kelas Menengah,” Jurnal Darussalam, Vol. 11, No 2, Juli – Desember 2010.
al-Samarqandi, Abu al-Laith Naṣr bin Muḥammad, Tafsir al-Qur’an Musamma bi Bahrul ‘Ulum (n.p.: n.p, n.d.)
Schimmel, Annemarie, Mystical Dimensions of Islam, California: The University of North California Press, 1975.
Shihab, M. Quraisy, Logika Agama Kedudukan Wahyu dan Batas-batas Akal dalam Islam, Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2006.
Soekanto, Suryono, Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar, Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 2002.
Sujuthi, Mahmud, Politik Tarekat Qadiriyyah wan Naqsabandiyyah Jombang: Hubungan Agama, Negara dan Masyarakat, Yogyakarta: Galang Printika, 2001.
al-Sha’rāni, ‘Abd al-Wahhāb, Lathā’if al-Minan wa al-Akhlāq fī Wujūb at-Taḥadduth bi Ni‘mah Allāh ‘ala al-It}lāq, Damaskus: Dār at-Taqwa, 2004.
———, ‘Abd al-Wahhāb, al-Anwār al-Qudsiyyah fī Ma‘rifah Qawā‘id al-S{ūfiyyah, Jakarta: al-Ḥaramain, n.d.
Tim Majlis Khoir, Habib Luthfi bin Yahya Berbicara Seputar Tarekat, Malang: Majlis Khoir Publising, 2012.
Usman, Sunyoto, “Komunitas Tarekat dan Politik Local di Era Orde Baru”, Jurnal JSP, Vol 1, No 2 Juli 1998
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the journal as the publisher of the journal. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles. Therefore, the author must submit a statement of the Copyright Transfer Agreement.*)
Licensing
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
In line with the license, authors are allowed to share and adapt the material. In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicated if changes were made. If authors remix, transform or build upon the material, authors must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original.
_______
*) Authors whose articles are accepted for publication will receive confirmation via email and send a Copyright Transfer Agreement.
.png){kind=logo}
