Legal Protection for Female Victims of Electronic-based Sexual Violence (EBSV): A Legal System Theory Perspective

Nur Alfy Syahriana*    -  Postgraduate Program, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang, Indonesia
Erfaniah Zuhriah  -  Postgraduate Program, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang, Indonesia
Ahmad Wahidi  -  Postgraduate Program, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang, Indonesia

(*) Corresponding Author

Since 2017-2021, case of electronic-based sexual violence (EBSV) reported to service institution continues to increase, and a majority of the victims are women. This research aims to describe the EBSV case data, explain legal protection efforts given to the victims, then analyze it using the legal system theory. The type of research used is juridical-empirical with locus research at Women Crisis Centre (WCC) Dian Mutiara. The research results show that on month January 2020 - September 2022, there were 42 cases handled by WCC Dian Mutiara. Then the legal protection for victims is carried out through preventive and repressive efforts. In terms of legal structure, the facilities and infrastructure for handling KSBE cases at WCC Dian Mutiara and the police are not yet fully available. At WCC Dian Mutiara, this can be seen from the lack of human resources (assistants) and the unstable finances of the institution. Meanwhile, in the police, it can be seen from the victim's complaint at the time of confiscation of evidence in the form of a handphone which is usually used for daily activities by the victim. Then the analysis of the legal substance shows that the rules regarding EBSV already exist in the Law on Electronic Transactions (UU ITE) and the Pornography Law, but more comprehensive rules are contained in the Law on Crimes against Sexual Violence (RUU TPKS). Finally, an analysis of legal culture shows that public oversight of the performance of law enforcers, especially the police, is increasing. However, some­times the community's understanding of a case is still partial, making it easy to intervene. Meanwhile, the legal culture of law enforcement officials can be seen from the lack of optimal cases in the process of resolving cases, coupled with the occasional attitude of the police, not on the side of the victims.

Keywords: legal protection; legal system theory; sexual violence; women

  1. Adkiras, Fadillah. “Konstruksi Hukum Perlindungan Korban Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online menurut Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia.” Jurnal Lex Renaissance 6, no. 2 (2021): 376–90. https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol6.iss2.art12.
  2. Areta A, Hany, Hardiana Clarisa, and Siti Chatlia Q. “Eskalasi Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online di Masa Pandemi: Studi Penanganan Kasus Pornografi.” Jurnal Lex Renaissance 6, no. 4 (2021): 752–69. https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol6.iss4.art8.
  3. Azmy, M Ulul. “Kronologi Terungkapnya Kedok Fetish Mukenah di Malang.” Kumparan, 2021. https://kumparan.com/tugumalang/kronologi-terungkapnya-kedok-pengidap-fetish-mukena-di-malang-1wNDuty4QVV/full.
  4. Dimyati, Khudzaifah. Teorisasi Hukum Studi tentang Perkembangan Pemikiran Hukum di Indonesia 1945-1990. Yogyakarta: Genta Publishing, 2010.
  5. Faizah, Azza Fitrahul, and Muhammad Rifqi Hariri. “Pelindungan Hukum terhadap Korban Revenge Porn sebagai Bentuk Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual.” Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 3, no. 7 (2022): 520–41. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v3i7.281.
  6. Fajar ND, Mukti, and Yulianto Achmad. Dualisme Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2010.
  7. Firmansyah, Moch. Akbar Alif, and Emmilia Rusdiana. “Kualifikasi Fetish sebagai Tindak Pidana dalam Pasal 335 (Ayat 1) KUHP (Studi Kasus Fetish Kain Jarik Gilang).” Novum: Jurnal Hukum 9, no. 3 (2022): 21–30. https://doi.org/10.2674/novum.v0i0.41011.
  8. Friedman, Lawrence M. Sistem Hukum: Perspektif Ilmu Sosial. trans. M. Khozim. Bandung: Penerbit Nusa Media, 2009.
  9. García, Ana Martín. “Prevention of Gender-Based Violence in the Classroom: Some Observations.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 161, no. 161 (2014): 275–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.071.
  10. Hasanah, Hasyim. “Teknik-Teknik Observasi (Sebuah Alternatif Metode Pengumpulan Data Kualitatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial).” At-Taqaddum 8, no. 1 (2017): 21–46. https://doi.org/10.21580/at.v8i1.1163.
  11. Iqbal, Muhammad, and Genie Cyprien. “The Urgency of Regulation in the Case of Online Gender-Based Violence in Indonesia.” Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender 16, no. 2 (2021): 173–90. https://doi.org/10.21580/sa.v16i2.8132.
  12. Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan (Komnas Perempuan). “CATAHU 2021: Perempuan dalam Himpitan Pandemi: Lonjakan Kekerasan Seksual, Kekerasan Siber, Perkawinan Anak dan Keterbatasan Penanganan di Tengah COVID-19.” komnasperempuan.go.id. Jakarta, 2021. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/catatan-tahunan-detail/catahu-2021-perempuan-dalam-himpitan-pandemi-lonjakan-kekerasan-seksual-kekerasan-siber-perkawinan-anak-dan-keterbatasan-penanganan-di-tengah-covid-19.
  13. Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan (Komnas Perempuan). “CATAHU 2022: Bayang-Bayang Stagnansi: Daya Pencegahan dan Penanganan Berbanding Peningkatan Jumlah, Ragam dan Kompleksitas Kekerasan Berbasis Gender terhadap Perempuan.” komnasperempuan.go.id. Jakarta, 2022. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/catatan-tahunan-detail/catahu-2022-bayang-bayang-stagnansi-daya-pencegahan-dan-penanganan-berbanding-peningkatan-jumlah-ragam-dan-kompleksitas-kekerasan-berbasis-gender-terhadap-perempuan.
  14. Miftah, Mushafi, Syarif Hidayatullah, and Siti Aisyah. “Penerapan Sanksi bagi Santri Bermasalah di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid Perspektif Teori Penegakan Hukum Lawrence M. Friedman.” At-Turost: Journal of Islamic Studies 8, no. 2 (2021): 179–88. https://doi.org/10.52491/at.v8i2.67.
  15. Mohan, Megha. “Perempuan di Dunia Banyak Mengalami Kekerasan Fisik dan Seksual: Satu dari Tiga Perempuan Jadi Korban, Ungkap Studi WHO.” BBC News Indonesia, March 10, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-56342562.
  16. Noer, Khaerul Umam, Siti Chadijah, and Endang Rudiatin. “There is no trustable data: The State and Data Accuracy of Violence against Women in Indonesia.” Heliyon 7, no. 12 (2021): e08552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08552.
  17. Saifullah. Refleksi Sosiologi Hukum. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama, 2013.
  18. Soleman, Noviyanti. “Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online selama Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia.” Al-Wardah: Jurnal Kajian Perempuan, Gender dan Agama 15, no. 1 (2021): 49–60. https://doi.org/10.46339/al-wardah.v15i1.639.
  19. Souza Santos, Debora de, Eloisa Auler Bittencourt, Andréa Cristina de Moraes Malinverni, Juliany Barreto Kisberi, Sabrina de França Vilaça, and Edna Sadayo Miazato Iwamura. “Domestic Violence against Women during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.” Forensic Science International: Reports 5, no. 100276 (2022): 100276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2022.100276.
  20. Stella Hita Arawinda. “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Perempuan Korban Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Yustika: Media Hukum dan Keadilan 24, no. 02 (2022): 76–90. https://doi.org/10.24123/yustika.v24i02.4599.
  21. Subhan, Zaitunah. Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pesantren, 2004.
  22. Sudjana. “Penerapan Sistem Hukum menurut Lawrence W Friedman terhadap Efektivitas Perlindungan Desain Tata Letak Sirkuit Terpadu Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2000.” Al Amwal: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 2, no. 1 (2019): 78–94.
  23. Sukoco, Hadyan Zulkaisi, Faiq Althof, and Ulin Nihayah. “Menyoal Gangguan Kesehatan Mental Deviasi Seksual Fetish.” Islamic Counseling: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam 5, no. 2 (2021): 148–64. https://doi.org/10.29240/jbk.v5i2.2111.
  24. Yasin, Muhammad Nur. Politik Hukum Ekonomi Syariah di Indonesia. Malang: UIN-Maliki Press, 2018.

Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Publisher:
Center for Gender and Child Studies (Pusat Studi Gender dan Anak)
LP2M, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang.
Central Java, Indonesia


Sawwa Visitor Statistics
 

klik4d

apps