The 2024 Istiqlal Declaration as a Bridge for Religious Moderation in Indonesia: A Social Semiotic Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.33.2.28691Keywords:
Istiqlal Declaration, Religious moderation, social semiotics, interfaith dialogue, Pancasila, religious leadersAbstract
This study examines how the Istiqlal Declaration, signed by Pope Francis and the Grand Imam of Istiqlal Mosque, Nasaruddin Umar, in Jakarta on 5 September 2024, constructs meanings of religious moderation and how religious leaders in Indonesia perceive these meanings. Grounded in social semiotics, the study adopts a mixed-methods design. The declaration’s text, together with its visual and spatial documentation, was analysed as a multimodal semiotic event. A 16-item questionnaire was developed from the four religious moderation indicators of Indonesia’s Ministry of Religious Affairs. It was given to 250 purposively selected religious figures from six faiths in Jakarta, Surabaya, Medan, and Makassar, and complemented by interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis. The findings show that the declaration combines several kinds of semiotic resources to link religious identity with citizenship, shared humanity, and ecological responsibility. These include linguistic expressions, an explicit reference to Pancasila, and spatial symbols such as the Istiqlal Mosque, its proximity to Jakarta Cathedral, and the Tunnel of Friendship. Respondents’ perceptions were positive overall (M = 4.21). Acceptance of local traditions (4.40) and anti-violence (4.32) scored highest, followed by national commitment (4.10) and tolerance (4.03). Interviews indicate that religious leaders and institutions are viewed as the main pillars for countering fanaticism, exclusivism, and religion-based hate speech in public spaces. Although the perception data do not establish causal effects, the study offers an original integration of social semiotics with Indonesia’s religious moderation framework and Pancasila. It positions the declaration as an Indonesian model that can inform global interfaith dialogue.
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References
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Boyko, O., Zuiev, S., Povalii, T., & Otroshchenko, L. (2022). Spatial Semiotics and Landscape Hermeneutics in the Professional Training of Managers of Socio-Cultural Activity. Socio-Cultural Management Journal, 5(2), 80–102. https://doi.org/10.31866/2709-846X.2.2022.267526
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Hadiyanto, A., Putri, K. Y. S., & Fazli, L. (2025). Religious moderation in Instagram: An Islamic interpretation perspective. Heliyon, 11(4), e42816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42816
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Hariyanto, D., & Islamy, A. (2023). Religious Moderation in Islamic Groups in the History of the Basic Consesus of the Indonesian State. Al-Adalah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Politik Islam, 1(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.30863/ajmpi.v1i1.3282
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Hati, L. P., Al-Mujtahid, N. M., Kholil, S., Sahfutra, S. A., Ginting, L. D. C. U., & Fahreza, I. (2023). Religious Harmony Forum: Ideal Religious Moderation in the Frame of Building Tolerance in Medan City, Indonesia. Pharos Journal of Theology, 104(104(4)), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.104.420
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Inwood, O., & Zappavigna, M. (2023). Ideology, attitudinal positioning, and the blockchain: a social semiotic approach to understanding the values construed in the whitepapers of blockchain start-ups. Social Semiotics, 33(3), 451–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2021.1877995
Irham, M. A., Ruslan, I., & Syahputra, M. C. (2021). The Idea of Religious Moderation in Indonesian New Order and the Reform Era. ILMU USHULUDDIN, 8(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.15408/iu.v8i1.19618
Itmam, M. S., & Aouich, A. (2024). Legal Politics of Religious Moderation and State Defense Policy at Public Universities. Justicia Islamica, 21(1), 87–110. https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v21i1.9242
Ives, C., Kidwell, J., Anderson, C., Arias-Arévalo, P., Gould, R., Kenter, J., & Murali, R. (2024). The role of religion in shaping the values of nature. Ecology and Society, 29(2), art10. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-15004-290210
Jamaludin, A. N. (2022). Religious Moderation: The Concept and Practice in Higher Education Institutions. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(1), 539–548. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i1.1893
Jati, W. R., Halimatusa’diah, H., Syamsurijal, S., Aji, G. B., Nurkhoiron, M., & Tirtosudarmo, R. (2022). From Intellectual to Advocacy Movement: Islamic Moderation, the Conservatives and the Shift of Interfaith Dialogue Campaign in Indonesia. Ulumuna, 26(2), 472–499. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v26i2.572
Jayanti, S. V. (2019). Bhagavad Gita for Everyday Life. Purushartha - A Journal of Management Ethics and Spirituality, 13(01), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.21844/16201913108
K., M., Makmur, M., Rasyid, M. N. A., Naro, W., Usman, S., & Pajarianto, H. (2023). Character building training model for young people to strengthen religious moderation. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 79(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i1.8552
Kazarinova, N. V. (2024). Communication in the Mirror of Social Semiotics. Discourse, 10(4), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2024-10-4-43-52
Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. (2019). Moderasi Beragama. Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI.
Kiklewicz, A. (2022). Typology of pragmatic implications from the point of view of interaction between pragmatics and semantics. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 26(1), 139–161. https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-26538
Kravchenko, N. K., Soshko, O. H., & Markova, Y. R. (2022). Pre-translation Analysis of International Legal Discourse: From Social Semiotics to the Concepts of Lotman and Bakhtin. Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literatures, 14(4), 775–795. https://doi.org/10.47012/jjmll.14.4.4
Kress, G., & Leeuwen, T. van. (2006). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. Routledge.
Lackner, M. (2019). Le prime traduzioni latine del ‘Giusto mezzo’ (Zhongyong中庸). Annali Di Ca’ Foscari. Serie Orientale, 55(1), 341–361. https://doi.org/10.30687/AnnOr/2385-3042/2019/01/011
Levinas, E. (1979). Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Mardhiah, A., AR, M., Ak, W. W., Thalal, M., & Sulaiman. (2025). Legal Implemention of Religious Moderation Policy at State Islamic Higher Education in Indonesia. PETITA: JURNAL KAJIAN ILMU HUKUM DAN SYARIAH, 10(1), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.22373/petita.v10i1.417
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Masykur, M., Hermawan, M. A., Masruri, M., & J, H. (2024). Reviving Religious Moderation for World Peace from the Religious Moderation House in Indonesia. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(3), 295–307. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i3.3343
Muhajarah, K., & Soebahar, M. E. (2024). Fiqh of tolerance and religious moderation: a study towards Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 11(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2024.2303817
Nolte, A. J. (2023). The Indonesian Difference: Nationalism, Islam, and Pancasila Pluralism from State Formation to the Present. In The Palgrave Handbook of Religion and State Volume II: Vol. II (pp. 323–346). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35609-4_15
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