Pengaruh Pengaturan Diet Beban Glikemik terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Atlet Sepak Bola Remaja
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21580/ns.2024.8.1.17117Keywords:
athletes, blood glucose, glycemic load, soccer, atlet, beban glikemik, glukosa darah, sepak bolaAbstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of glycemic load diet on blood glucose levels of adolescent soccer athletes. This study used a type of quasi-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects in this study were 20 soccer athletes aged 15-18 years at PPLP West Sumatra. Subjects were given 4 treatments with a one-week washout period. The diet given is in the form of setting a High IG diet with High BG. High IG with Low BG, Low IG with High BG, and Low IG with Low BG. The data taken were blood glucose levels before the intervention, blood glucose 2 hours postpandrial, and blood glucose shortly after exercise. Blood glucose levels were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA test and one way ANOVA test (p<0,05). Based on the one way ANOVA test, there was no difference in blood glucose levels in the four groups (p>0,05). Fluctuations in blood glucose levels occurred stably in the treatment of low glycemic load diets. Low glycemic load diets are able to maintain blood glucose levels during exercise.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh diet beban glikemik terhadap kadar glukosa darah atlet sepak bola remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian quasi experimental dengan desain one group pretest-posttest dengan subjek sebanyak 20 orang atlet sepak bola berusia 15-18 tahun di PPLP Sumatera Barat. Subjek diberikan 4 perlakuan dengan waktu satu minggu. Diet yang diberikan berupa pengaturan diet Indeks Glikemik (IG) Tinggi dengan Beban Glikemik (BG) Tinggi (TT), IG Tinggi dengan BG Rendah (TR), IG Rendah dengan BG Tinggi (RT), dan IG Rendah dengan BG Rendah (RR). Data yang diambil yaitu kadar glukosa darah sebelum intervensi (KGD1), glukosa darah 2 jam postpandrial (KGD 2), dan glukosa darah sesaat setelah latihan (KGD 3). Kadar glukosa darah dianalisis menggunakan uji repeated measures ANOVA dan uji one way ANOVA. Berdasarkan uji repeated measures ANOVA, terdapat perbedaan kadar glukosa darah 2 jam postpandrial dengan sesaat setelah latihan lari pada perlakuan TT dan RT (p<0,05). Berdasarkan uji one way ANOVA tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar glukosa darah pada keempat kelompok (p>0,05). Fluktuasi kadar glukosa darah terjadi secara stabil pada perlakuan diet beban glikemik rendah. Diet beban glikemik rendah mampu mempertahankan kadar glukosa darah saat latihan.
Downloads
References
Arif, A. Bin, Budiyanto, A., Hoerudin. (2013) ‘Nilai Indeks glikemik produk pangan dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya’, Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 32(3), pp. 91–99.
Aristanti, A., Widyastuti, N. (2016) ‘Pengaruh pemberian jus jambu biji merah (Psidium guava L.) terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada atlet sepak bola usia 16-18 tahun’, Journal of Nutrition College, 4(4), pp. 484–490.
Burdon, C.A., Spronk, I, et al. (2017) ‘Effect of glycemic index of a pre-exercise meal on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, Sports Med, 47(6), pp. 1087–1101.
Chen, Y.J., Wong, S. H., Wong, C. K., Lam, C. W., Huang Y. J., Siu, P. M. (2008) ‘Effect of preexercise meals with different glycemic indices and loads on metabolic responses and endurance running’, Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab [Preprint].
Dieny, F.F., Wijayanti, H.S., Marfu, D. (2021) ‘Kadar gula darah atlet sepak bola remaja setelah pemberian diet beban glikemik’, 17(4), pp. 194–204.
Endriyani, S. (2019) ‘Hubungan beban glikemik buah dengan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Klinik Jasmine 2 Surakarta’, Skripsi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Ghiasvand, R., Sharifhosein, Z., Esmailzadeh, A., Feizi, A., Askari, G., et al. (2015) ‘Comparison between preexercise meals intake effect with different glycemic load on exercise performance in female athletes’, Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 3(2), pp. 88–93.
Hakim, A. (2015) Jenis Olahraga Yang Paling Disukai Publik Indonesia, Skala Survei Indonesia.
Penggalih, M. H. S. T., Juffrie, M., Sudargo, T., Sofro, Z. M. (2019) ‘Pola konsumsi atlet sepak bola remaja di Indonesia’, Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia, 15(3), pp. 101–110.
Hoerudin (2012) ‘Indeks Glikemik Buah Dan Implikasinya Dalam Kadar Glukosa Darah’, (12).
Kemenkes RI (2014a) ‘Pedoman Gizi Olahraga Prestasi’, Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 5201590(021), p. 5201590.
Kemenkes RI (2014b) Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No.97 Tahun 2014, Journal of Sustainable Agriculture.
Kemenkes RI (2017) ‘Situasi Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja’, Situasi Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja, p. 1.
Bisri, K., Yulianti, C., Nikmawati, E. E. (2021) ‘Identifikasi status gizi dan kebiasaan makan atlet usia remaja pada masa Pendemi Covid-19’, Jurnal Sains Boga, 4(2), pp. 24–32.
Kurniawan, A., Ilmi, I.M.B., Fauziyah, A. (2022) ‘Analisis kandungan gizi, indeks glikemik, dan beban glikemik marshmallow kulit buah naga dan bayam merah dengan penambahan stevia’, Nutri-Sains: Jurnal Gizi, Pangan dan Aplikasinya, 6(1), pp. 1–14.
Lestari, R.W.D., Fitranti, D. Y., Widyastuti, N., Syauqy, A., Panunggal, B., et al. (2021) ‘Kadar gula darah atlet sepak bola remaja setelah pemberian diet beban glikemik’, Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia, 17(4), p. 194.
Putri, T.A., Probosari, E. (2017) ‘Tingkat kecukupan zat gizi dan kadar glukosa darah pada atlet sepak bola’, Journal of Nutrition College, 6(1), p. 103.
Ryandah, R., Prawira, Z., Tribinuka, T. (2016) ‘Pembinaan pemain muda melalui akademi sepak bola’, Sains dan Seni ITS, 5(2), pp. 13–17.
Sasmarianto, Nazirun, N. (2019) Pengelolaan Gizi Olahraga pada Atlet. Ahlimedia Press.
Setiyowati, E. et al. (2017) ‘Sistem Penyelenggaraan dan pengelolaan makanan bagi atlet sepak bola’, Jendela Olahraga, 2(1), pp. 148–154.
Siwi, T.P., Dieny, F.F., Fitranti, D.Y. (2017) ‘Pengaruh diet dengan pengaturan indeks glikemik dan beban glikemik terhadap kadar glukosa darah atlet sepak bola remaja’, Jurnal Gizi Indonesia, 6(1), pp. 1–8.
Badan Pustat Statistik. (2021) Statistik Sosial Budaya. available at: https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2022/06/30/6a2dabc16d556ab9d075f918/statistik-sosial-budaya-2021.html
Stølen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., Wisloff, U. (2015) ‘Physiology of soccer: An update’, Sports Medicine, 35(6), pp. 501–536.
Tanaka, T. H., Machida, S., Kobayasi, S., Naito, H. et al. (2016) ‘Changes in blood glucose and lipid metabolic parameters after high-carbohydrate diet ingestion in athletes with insulin resistance’, Juntendo Medical Journal, 62(4), pp. 323–329.
Widyasulistya, R., Rahmawati, A.Y., Aristiati, K. (2018) ‘Pengaruh pemberian jus buah jambu biji (psidium guajava l) terhadap kelelahan otot anaerob dan kadar glukosa darah pada atlet sepak bola remaja di Salatiga Training Center (STC)’, Jurnal Riset Gizi, 6.
Zahra, S., Muhlisin, M.- (2020) ‘Nutrisi Bagi Atlet Remaja’, Jurnal Terapan Ilmu Keolahragaan, 5(1), pp. 81–89.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the journal as the publisher of the journal. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles. Therefore, the author must submit a statement of the Copyright Transfer Agreement.*)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In line with the license, authors and any users (readers and other researchers) are allowed to Share: copy and redistribute this material in any form or format; Adapt: modify, change, and make derivatives of this material for any interest, including commercial interest, In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicated if changes were made.
________
*) Authors whose articles are accepted for publication will receive confirmation via email and send a Copyright Transfer Agreement.
