Criticizing Higher Education Policy in Indonesia: Spiritual Elimination and Dehumanisation

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Published: Sep 5, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21580/nw.2021.15.2.8579
Keywords:
dehumanisation, freedom of learning, higher education, liberation, merdeka belajar, prophetic education, spirituality

Main Article Content

Moh. Roqib
Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto
Siti Sarah
Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto
Agus Husein As Sabiq
Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto
Mohamad Sobirin
Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto
Abdal Chaqil Harimi
Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto

Abstract

The Ministry of Education and Culture's policy on “Merdeka Belajar” (Freedom of Learning) seeks to enable students to master different valuable disciplines to access the work field (link and match). This article investigates Freedom of Learning policy direction and unpacks freedom of learning from the viewpoint of prophetic education theory. This research employs a literature review process. The information was gathered by studying the Ministry of Education and Culture legislation and laws, literature, and compiled references of the policy. The findings suggested that the Freedom of Learning policy's trajectory accommodates data in the material domains (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor), yet it lacked spirituality. The principle of prophetic education is to move humans to be decent (righteous), to achieve the great humans (insān kāmil), and to improve (muṣliḥ) the world into an ideal environment or society (khaira ummah) capable of bridging the gap the means. Professional education continues to carry out a constant, creative mechanism to get citizens closer to God (transcendence) through digitally increasing human ideals and avoiding harmful stuff (liberation). Competence in the policy of independent learning is maintained by prophetic education.

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Article Details

Issue
Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021)
Section
Articles

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References

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Agustian, A G. Rahasia Sukses Membangun Kecerdasan Emosional Dan Spiritual: ESQ Emotional Spiritual Quotient. Penerbit Arga, 2009.

Aiman, F, and I Kurniawaty. “Konsep Merdeka Belajar Pendidikan Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Progresivisme.” Konstruktivisme: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran 12, no. 2 (2020): 155–164.

Ainia, D K. “Merdeka Belajar Dalam Pandangan Ki Hadjar Dewantara Dan Relevansinya Bagi Pengembangan Pendidikan Karakter.” Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia 3, no. 3 (2020): 95–101. https://doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v3i3.24525.

Aprison, W. “HUMANISME PROGRESIF DALAM FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN ISLAM.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2016. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v27i3.526.

Arifin, S, and M Muslim. “Tantangan Implementasi Kebijakan “Merdeka Belajar, Kampus Merdeka,” 2020.

Astuti, M. “FITRAH-BASED EDUCATION.” JMIE (Journal of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Education, 2017. https://doi.org/10.32934/jmie.v1i1.26.

Dantley, M E. “Critical Spirituality: Enhancing Transformative Leadership through Critical Theory and African American Prophetic Spirituality.” International Journal of Leadership in Education 6, no. 1 (2003): 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360312022000069987.

Dewey, J. “Experience and Education.” The Educational Forum 50, no. 3 (1986): 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131728609335764.

Friere, P. “Pedagogy of Freedom.” In In. New York: Rowman & Littleï¬eld, 1998.

Halstead, J M. “Islamic Values: A Distinctive Framework for Moral Education?” Journal of Moral Education, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240701643056.

Hassan, A, A Suhid, N Z Abiddin, H Ismail, and H Hussin. “The Role of Islamic Philosophy of Education in Aspiring Holistic Learning.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.423.

Ikmal, M. “Integrasi Pendidikan Profetik.” Jurnal Pelopor Pendidikan 4, no. 1 (2013): 1–10.

Istiq’faroh, N. “Relevansi Filosofi Ki Hajar Dewantara Sebagai Dasar Kebijakan Pendidikan Nasional Merdeka Belajar Di Indonesia.” Lintang Songo : Jurnal Pendidikan 3, no. 2 (2020): 1–10.

Itang, I. “Penyebab Kemiskinan Dan Cara Menanggulanginya.” ISLAMICONOMIC: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 4, no. 1 (2013): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.32678/ijei.v4i1.8.

Izza, A Z, M Falah, and S Susilawati. Studi Literatur: Problematika Evaluasi Pembelajaran Dalam Mencapai Tujuan Pendidikan Di Era Merdeka Belajar. Konferensi Ilmiah Pendidikan Universitas Pekalongan, 2020.

Kemdikbud. “Buku Panduan Merdeka Belajar - Kampus Merdeka,” 2020. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ujmte.

Kemendikbud. Mendikbud Luncurkan Empat Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar: Kampus Merdeka. Kementerian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 2020.

Kolb, A Y, and D A Kolb. “Experiential Learning Theory: A Dynamic, Holistic Approach to Management Learning, Education and Development.” In The SAGE Handbook of Management Learning, Education and Development, 42–68. SAGE Publications Ltd, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857021038.n3.

Makasau, R. “Pedagogi Ki Hajar Dewantara Untuk Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Nasional.” Jurnal Jumpa 8, no. 1 (2020): 107–122.

Maryati, S. “DINAMIKA PENGANGGURAN TERDIDIK: TANTANGAN MENUJU BONUS DEMOGRAFI DI INDONESIA,” 2015. https://doi.org/10.22202/economica.2015.v3.i2.249.

Masduki, M. PROPHETIC EDUCATION: Recognising the Idea of Kuntowijoyo’s Prophetic Social Science. Madania: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 2011.

Mujib, A, and J Mudzakir. Nuansa-Nuansa Psikologi Islam. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002.

Muslikh. “Landasan Filosofis Dan Analisis Terhadap Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar Dan Kampus Merdeka.” Jurnal Syntax Transformation 1, no. 3 (2020): 40–46.

Mustaghfiroh, S. Konsep “ Merdeka Belajar ” Perspektif Aliran Progresivisme. Jurnal Studi Guru Dan Pembelajaran, 2020.

Nasution, A G J. “Diskursus Merdeka Belajar Perspektif Pendidikan Humanisme.” Ihya Al-Arabiyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab 6, no. 1 (2020): 107–121.

Noventari, W. “Konsepsi Merdeka Belajar Dalam Sistem Among Menurut Pandangan Ki Hajar Dewantara.” Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Kewarganegaraan 15, no. 1 (2020): 83–91.

OECD, and A.D.B. “Education in Indonesia: Rising to the Challenge.” OECD Publishing 20, no. ue 15) (2015).

Peters, R S. “Freedom to Learn: A View of What Education Might Become.” Interchange 1, no. 4 (1970): 111–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02214887.

Prahani, B K, Utama Alan Deta, Mochammad Yasir, Sri Astutik, Paken Pandiangan, Sayidah Mahtari, and Husni Mubarok. “The Concept of ‘Kampus Merdeka’ in Accordance with Freire’s Critical Pedagogy.” Studies in Philosophy of Science and Education 1, no. 1 (2020): 21–37. https://doi.org/10.46627/sipose.v1i1.8.

Priatmoko, S, and N I Dzakiyyah. “Relevansi Kampus Merdeka Terhadap Kompetensi Guru Era 4.0 Dalam Perspektif Experiential Learning Theory.” At-Thullab : Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 4, no. 1 (2020): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.30736/atl.v4i1.120.

Roqib, M. Filsafat Pendidikan Profetik (Pendidikan Integratif Dalam Perspektif Kenabian Muhammad Saw. Edited by A W BS and I.). Pesma AN Najah Press, 2016.

Roqib, Moh. Character Education in a Prophetic Perspective. Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 2013.

Saleh, M. Merdeka Belajar Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hardiknas, 2020.

Samul, J. “Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence of Future Leaders: Challenges for Education.” Education Sciences 10, no. 7 (2020): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10070178.

Sesfao, M. “Perbandingan Pemikiran Pendidikan Paulo Freire Dengan Ajaran Tamansiswa Dalam Implementasi Merdeka Belajar.” In Prosiding Seminar Nasional, 261–272, 2020.

Siregar, N, R Sahirah, and A A Harahap. “Konsep Kampus Merdeka Belajar Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0.” Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education, 2020.

Siswoyo, D. “Philosophy of Education in Indonesia: Theory and Thoughts of Institutionalized State (PANCASILA.” Asian Social Science 9, no. 12 (2013): 136–143. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n12p136.

Snyder, H. “Literature Review as a Research Methodology: An Overview and Guidelines.” Journal of Business Research, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039.

Sugianto, and Y T Permadhy. “Faktor Penyebab Pengangguran Dan Strategi Penanganan Permasalahan Pengangguran Pada Desa Bojongcae, Cibadak Lebak Provinsi Banten.” Jurnal IKRA_ITH Ekonomika 2, no. 3 (n.d.): 54–63.

Sukardi, I. “Character Education Based on Religious Values: An Islamic Perspective,” 2016. https://doi.org/10.19109/td.v21i1.744.

Tan, C, and A Ibrahim. “Humanism, Islamic Education, and Confucian Education.” Religious Education, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2016.1225247.

Umam, M K. “Reconstruction of Integratif Islamic Education in The Transformative Prophetical Education Framework.” In 2nd Proccedings Annual Conference for Muslim Scholars, 511–520, 2018.

Usman, A H, S A Shaharuddin, and S Z Abidin. “Humanism in Islamic Education: Indonesian References.” International Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 2017. https://doi.org/10.21315/ijaps2017.13.1.5.

Wati, D C, and D B Arif. Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Religius Di Sekolah Dasar Untuk Penguatan Jiwa Profetik Siswa. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Kewarganegaraan III, 2017.

Wilber, K. The Eye of Spirit: An Integral Vision for a World Gone Slightly Mad. Shambhala Publications, 2001.

“Winter Outdoor Trekking: Spiritual Aspects of Environmental Education.” Environmental Education Research 23, no. 1 (2017): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2016.1149553.

Abidah, Azmil, Hasan Nuurul Hidaayatullaah, Roy Martin Simamora, Daliana Fehabutar, and Lely Mutakinati. “The Impact of COVID-19 to Indonesian Education and Its Relation to the Philosophy of ‘Merdeka Belajar.’” Studies in Philosophy of Science and Education 1, no. 1 (2020): 38–49.

Agustian, A G. Rahasia Sukses Membangun Kecerdasan Emosional Dan Spiritual: ESQ Emotional Spiritual Quotient. Penerbit Arga, 2009.

Aiman, F, and I Kurniawaty. “Konsep Merdeka Belajar Pendidikan Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Progresivisme.” Konstruktivisme: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran 12, no. 2 (2020): 155–164.

Ainia, D K. “Merdeka Belajar Dalam Pandangan Ki Hadjar Dewantara Dan Relevansinya Bagi Pengembangan Pendidikan Karakter.” Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia 3, no. 3 (2020): 95–101. https://doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v3i3.24525.

Aprison, W. “HUMANISME PROGRESIF DALAM FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN ISLAM.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2016. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v27i3.526.

Arifin, S, and M Muslim. “Tantangan Implementasi Kebijakan “Merdeka Belajar, Kampus Merdeka,” 2020.

Astuti, M. “FITRAH-BASED EDUCATION.” JMIE (Journal of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Education, 2017. https://doi.org/10.32934/jmie.v1i1.26.

Dantley, M E. “Critical Spirituality: Enhancing Transformative Leadership through Critical Theory and African American Prophetic Spirituality.” International Journal of Leadership in Education 6, no. 1 (2003): 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360312022000069987.

Dewey, J. “Experience and Education.” The Educational Forum 50, no. 3 (1986): 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131728609335764.

Friere, P. “Pedagogy of Freedom.” In In. New York: Rowman & Littleï¬eld, 1998.

Halstead, J M. “Islamic Values: A Distinctive Framework for Moral Education?” Journal of Moral Education, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240701643056.

Hassan, A, A Suhid, N Z Abiddin, H Ismail, and H Hussin. “The Role of Islamic Philosophy of Education in Aspiring Holistic Learning.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.423.

Ikmal, M. “Integrasi Pendidikan Profetik.” Jurnal Pelopor Pendidikan 4, no. 1 (2013): 1–10.

Istiq’faroh, N. “Relevansi Filosofi Ki Hajar Dewantara Sebagai Dasar Kebijakan Pendidikan Nasional Merdeka Belajar Di Indonesia.” Lintang Songo : Jurnal Pendidikan 3, no. 2 (2020): 1–10.

Itang, I. “Penyebab Kemiskinan Dan Cara Menanggulanginya.” ISLAMICONOMIC: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 4, no. 1 (2013): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.32678/ijei.v4i1.8.

Izza, A Z, M Falah, and S Susilawati. Studi Literatur: Problematika Evaluasi Pembelajaran Dalam Mencapai Tujuan Pendidikan Di Era Merdeka Belajar. Konferensi Ilmiah Pendidikan Universitas Pekalongan, 2020.

Kemdikbud. “Buku Panduan Merdeka Belajar - Kampus Merdeka,” 2020. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ujmte.

Kemendikbud. Mendikbud Luncurkan Empat Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar: Kampus Merdeka. Kementerian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 2020.

Kolb, A Y, and D A Kolb. “Experiential Learning Theory: A Dynamic, Holistic Approach to Management Learning, Education and Development.” In The SAGE Handbook of Management Learning, Education and Development, 42–68. SAGE Publications Ltd, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857021038.n3.

Makasau, R. “Pedagogi Ki Hajar Dewantara Untuk Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Nasional.” Jurnal Jumpa 8, no. 1 (2020): 107–122.

Maryati, S. “DINAMIKA PENGANGGURAN TERDIDIK: TANTANGAN MENUJU BONUS DEMOGRAFI DI INDONESIA,” 2015. https://doi.org/10.22202/economica.2015.v3.i2.249.

Masduki, M. PROPHETIC EDUCATION: Recognising the Idea of Kuntowijoyo’s Prophetic Social Science. Madania: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 2011.

Mujib, A, and J Mudzakir. Nuansa-Nuansa Psikologi Islam. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002.

Muslikh. “Landasan Filosofis Dan Analisis Terhadap Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar Dan Kampus Merdeka.” Jurnal Syntax Transformation 1, no. 3 (2020): 40–46.

Mustaghfiroh, S. Konsep “ Merdeka Belajar ” Perspektif Aliran Progresivisme. Jurnal Studi Guru Dan Pembelajaran, 2020.

Nasution, A G J. “Diskursus Merdeka Belajar Perspektif Pendidikan Humanisme.” Ihya Al-Arabiyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab 6, no. 1 (2020): 107–121.

Noventari, W. “Konsepsi Merdeka Belajar Dalam Sistem Among Menurut Pandangan Ki Hajar Dewantara.” Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Kewarganegaraan 15, no. 1 (2020): 83–91.

OECD, and A.D.B. “Education in Indonesia: Rising to the Challenge.” OECD Publishing 20, no. ue 15) (2015).

Peters, R S. “Freedom to Learn: A View of What Education Might Become.” Interchange 1, no. 4 (1970): 111–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02214887.

Prahani, B K, Utama Alan Deta, Mochammad Yasir, Sri Astutik, Paken Pandiangan, Sayidah Mahtari, and Husni Mubarok. “The Concept of ‘Kampus Merdeka’ in Accordance with Freire’s Critical Pedagogy.” Studies in Philosophy of Science and Education 1, no. 1 (2020): 21–37. https://doi.org/10.46627/sipose.v1i1.8.

Priatmoko, S, and N I Dzakiyyah. “Relevansi Kampus Merdeka Terhadap Kompetensi Guru Era 4.0 Dalam Perspektif Experiential Learning Theory.” At-Thullab : Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 4, no. 1 (2020): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.30736/atl.v4i1.120.

Roqib, M. Filsafat Pendidikan Profetik (Pendidikan Integratif Dalam Perspektif Kenabian Muhammad Saw. Edited by A W BS and I.). Pesma AN Najah Press, 2016.

Roqib, Moh. Character Education in a Prophetic Perspective. Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 2013.

Saleh, M. Merdeka Belajar Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hardiknas, 2020.

Samul, J. “Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence of Future Leaders: Challenges for Education.” Education Sciences 10, no. 7 (2020): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10070178.

Sesfao, M. “Perbandingan Pemikiran Pendidikan Paulo Freire Dengan Ajaran Tamansiswa Dalam Implementasi Merdeka Belajar.” In Prosiding Seminar Nasional, 261–272, 2020.

Siregar, N, R Sahirah, and A A Harahap. “Konsep Kampus Merdeka Belajar Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0.” Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education, 2020.

Siswoyo, D. “Philosophy of Education in Indonesia: Theory and Thoughts of Institutionalized State (PANCASILA.” Asian Social Science 9, no. 12 (2013): 136–143. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n12p136.

Snyder, H. “Literature Review as a Research Methodology: An Overview and Guidelines.” Journal of Business Research, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039.

Sugianto, and Y T Permadhy. “Faktor Penyebab Pengangguran Dan Strategi Penanganan Permasalahan Pengangguran Pada Desa Bojongcae, Cibadak Lebak Provinsi Banten.” Jurnal IKRA_ITH Ekonomika 2, no. 3 (n.d.): 54–63.

Sukardi, I. “Character Education Based on Religious Values: An Islamic Perspective,” 2016. https://doi.org/10.19109/td.v21i1.744.

Tan, C, and A Ibrahim. “Humanism, Islamic Education, and Confucian Education.” Religious Education, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2016.1225247.

Umam, M K. “Reconstruction of Integratif Islamic Education in The Transformative Prophetical Education Framework.” In 2nd Proccedings Annual Conference for Muslim Scholars, 511–520, 2018.

Usman, A H, S A Shaharuddin, and S Z Abidin. “Humanism in Islamic Education: Indonesian References.” International Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 2017. https://doi.org/10.21315/ijaps2017.13.1.5.

Wati, D C, and D B Arif. Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Religius Di Sekolah Dasar Untuk Penguatan Jiwa Profetik Siswa. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Kewarganegaraan III, 2017.

Wilber, K. The Eye of Spirit: An Integral Vision for a World Gone Slightly Mad. Shambhala Publications, 2001.

“Winter Outdoor Trekking: Spiritual Aspects of Environmental Education.” Environmental Education Research 23, no. 1 (2017): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2016.1149553.

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