The mediating effect of self-criticism on college students' emotion dysregulation and intention to self-harm

Saffirah Rahayu Jannah; Istar Yuliadi; Berliana Widi Scarvanovi

doi:10.21580/pjpp.v7i1.10813

PDF

Published: May 31, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v7i1.10813

Keywords:

college students, emotion dysregulation, intention to self-harm, self-criticism

Saffirah Rahayu Jannah

Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0665-9466

Istar Yuliadi

Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-6258

Berliana Widi Scarvanovi

Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-3755

Abstract

College students are in a period of instability, which may be stressful and put them at risk of developing the intention to self-harm. This study examines the effect of self-criticism as a mediator in the association between emotion dysregulation and the intention to self-harm. Quantitative research was conducted on 354 students aged 18-23 years, using the disproportionate cluster random sampling technique. The instruments used were an intention to self-harm scale, self-criticism scale, and emotion dysregulation scale. The results from the mediation analysis conducted using the PROCESS program of Hayes shows that self-criticism significantly mediates the association between emotion dysregulation and students' intention to self-harm (ab = .39, BootSE = .05, 95% BootCI [.29 to .48]). Nevertheless, the results also suggest that even after accounting for the mediating effect of self-criticism, emotion dysregulation still positively impacts students' intention to self-harm (c' = .14, p = .017). The implications of the findings provide insights for college students and all the parties involved with them regarding the mechanisms behind the intention to self-harm.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

How to Cite

Jannah, S. R., Yuliadi, I., & Scarvanovi, B. W. (2022). The mediating effect of self-criticism on college students’ emotion dysregulation and intention to self-harm. Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 7(1), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v7i1.10813

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)

Section

Articles

The copyright of the accepted article shall be assigned to the publisher of the journal. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to published articles.

In line with the license, authors and any users (readers and other researchers) are allowed to share and adapt the material only for non-commercial purposes. In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicated if changes were made. If authors remix, transform, or build upon the material, authors must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original.

References

Aldao, A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2012). The influence of context on the implementation of adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(7–8), 493–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.04.004

Arnett, J. J. (2013). Adolescence and emerging adulthood: A cultural approach (5th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.

Arnett, J. J. (2018). Emerging adulthood and higher education. In J. L. Murray & J. J. Arnett (Eds.), Emerging Adulthood and Higher Education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315623405

Baetens, I., Greene, D., Van Hove, L., Van Leeuwen, K., Wiersema, J. R., Desoete, A., & Roelants, M. (2021). Predictors and consequences of non‐suicidal self‐injury in relation to life, peer, and school factors. Journal of Adolescence, 90(1), 100–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.06.005

Caton, C. L. (2018). Developing a new model of understanding self-injury in secure settings: The role of risk, protective and attitude factors [Doctoral thesis]. University of Central Lancashire.

Chapman, A. L., Gratz, K. L., & Brown, M. Z. (2006). Solving the puzzle of deliberate self-harm: The experiential avoidance model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(3), 371–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.03.005

Ewing, L., Hamza, C. A., & Willoughby, T. (2019). Stressful experiences, emotion dysregulation, and nonsuicidal self-injury among university students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(7), 1379–1389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01025-y

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. Psychology Press.

Fox, K. R., Franklin, J. C., Ribeiro, J. D., Kleiman, E. M., Bentley, K. H., & Nock, M. K. (2015). Meta-analysis of risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury. Clinical Psychology Review, 42, 156–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.09.002

Gandhi, A., Luyckx, K., Baetens, I., Kiekens, G., Sleuwaegen, E., Berens, A., Maitra, S., & Claes, L. (2018). Age of onset of non-suicidal self-injury in Dutch-speaking adolescents and emerging adults: An event history analysis of pooled data. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 80, 170–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.10.007

Gilbert, P., Clarke, M., Hempel, S., Miles, J. N. V., & Irons, C. (2004). Criticizing and reassuring oneself: An exploration of forms, styles and reasons in female students. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43(1), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466504772812959

Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94

Hasking, P., Whitlock, J., Voon, D., & Rose, A. (2017). A cognitive-emotional model of NSSI: Using emotion regulation and cognitive processes to explain why people self-injure. Cognition and Emotion, 31(8), 1543–1556. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2016.1241219

Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (3rd ed.). The Guilford Press.

Ho, K. (2019). Seperempat orang Indonesia pernah memiliki pikiran untuk bunuh diri. YouGov. https://id.yougov.com/en-id/news/2019/06/26/seperempat-orang-indonesia-pernah-memiliki-pikiran/#:~:text=Penelitian terbaru YouGov menemukan bahwa,Indonesia sering memiliki pemikiran demikian.

Hooley, J. M., & Fox, K. R. (2019). Pain and self-criticism: A benefit and barriers approach to NSSI. In J. J. Washburn (Ed.), Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Advances in Research and Practice (pp. 41–58). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315164182-3/pain-self-criticism-jill-hooley-kathryn-fox

Hooley, J. M., & Franklin, J. C. (2018). Why do people hurt themselves? A new conceptual model of nonsuicidal self-injury. Clinical Psychological Science, 6(3), 428–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702617745641

Lear, M. K., Wilkowski, B. M., & Pepper, C. M. (2019). A daily diary investigation of the defective self model among college students with recent self-injury. Behavior Therapy, 50(5), 1002–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2019.03.005

McEvoy, P. M., Hayes, S., Hasking, P. A., & Rees, C. S. (2017). Thoughts, images, and appraisals associated with acting and not acting on the urge to self-injure. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 57, 163–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.05.010

Megawati, A. H., Dannisworo, C. A., & Hanum, L. (2019). The impact of negative symptoms and self-criticism on the urge to self-injure. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intervention and Applied Psychology (ICIAP 2018), 216–227. https://doi.org/10.2991/iciap-18.2019.18

Menon, P., Chaudhury, S., Saldanha, D., Sahu, S., Singh, V., & Pathak, V. (2018). Stress levels and its association with self-harm and risk-taking behavior in medical undergraduates. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 27(1), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.4103/ipj.ipj_31_18

Muehlenkamp, J. J., Suzuki, T., Brausch, A. M., & Peyerl, N. (2019). Behavioral functions underlying NSSI and eating disorder behaviors. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 75(7), 1219–1232. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22745

Nock, M. K. (2010). Self-injury. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6(1), 339–363. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131258

Rolston, A., & Lloyd-Richardson, E. (2017). What is emotion regulation and how do we do it. Cornell Research Program on Self-Injury and Recovery. http://www.selfinjury.bctr.cornell.edu/perch/resources/

what-is-emotion-regulationsinfo-brief.pdf

Rose, A. V., & Rimes, K. A. (2018). Self-criticism self-report measures: Systematic review. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 91(4), 450–489. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12171

Tarmizi, T., Navissa, A., Dian, F., Rahma, F., & Retno, A. (2019). Self-criticism scale. 1st International Seminar STEMEIF (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Learning International Forum), Purwokerto, 89–94.

Turner, B. J., Baglole, J. S., Chapman, A. L., & Gratz, K. L. (2019). Experiencing and resisting nonsuicidal self‐injury thoughts and urges in everyday life. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 49(5), 1332–1346. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12510

Wahyuni, E., Fitri, S., & Cahyawulan, W. (2021). Emotion regulation difficulties and self-criticism among university students during COVID 19 pandemic in Indonesia. 2nd Auckland International Conference on Social Sciences, Education, Entrepreneurship and Technology 2021 (AICSEET 2021), 94–103.

Walsh, B. W. (2012). Treating self-injury: A practical guide (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.

Wester, K., Trepal, H., & King, K. (2018). Nonsuicidal self-injury: Increased prevalence in engagement. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 48(6), 690–698. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12389

Wolff, J. C., Thompson, E., Thomas, S. A., Nesi, J., Bettis, A. H., Ransford, B., Scopelliti, K., Frazier, E. A., & Liu, R. T. (2019). Emotion dysregulation and non-suicidal self-injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Psychiatry, 59, 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.03.004

You, J., Ren, Y., Zhang, X., Wu, Z., Xu, S., & Lin, M. P. (2018). Emotional dysregulation and nonsuicidal self-injury: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychiatry, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000399

Zelkowitz, R. L., Cole, D. A., Han, G. T., & Tomarken, A. J. (2016). The incremental utility of emotion regulation but not emotion reactivity in nonsuicidal self-injury. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 46(5), 545–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12236

Article Sidebar

Main Article Content

Abstract

Downloads

Article Details

References

Similar Articles