Communications skill and virtual micro-guiding: Competency development strategies for Hajj guides in Islamic universities

Hasyim Hasanah; Ahmad Anas; Firda Aricha Silvi; Nurbini

doi:10.21580/icj.2025.10.2.26284

Authors

Hasyim Hasanah Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-3736
Ahmad Anas Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia
Firda Aricha Silvi Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia
Nurbini Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21580/icj.2025.10.2.26284

Keywords:

communication skill, virtual micro guiding, competency, manasik guides

Abstract

This study is motivated by the importance of developing the competency of candidate Hajj ritual guides, amidst the high interest in going to the Hajj, but not supported by the availability of competent resources to guide the congregation. On the other hand, the format for competency development in Islamic colleges is still not uniform, so an ideal competency development strategy based on communication skills and virtual micro-guiding is needed. This study aims to describe and analyze communication skills and virtual micro-guiding as a strategy for developing the competency of candidate professional Hajj ritual guides. This study is operationalized through qualitative analysis of critical interaction models. Data was collected from 87 candidate Hajj guides in the Department of Hajj and Umrah Management. The data results are in the form of persuasive communication practices, virtual micro-guiding from the results of in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. This study found a form of skill consisting of persuasive communication and therapeutic communication. The virtual micro-guiding form is operationalized with virtual group guiding, support group, group counseling, and teaching group devices. The implications of persuasive and therapeutic communication skills are directed at efforts to understand the Hajj ritual. Meanwhile, the implications of virtual micro-guiding are one of the national policies in developing competencies by implementing a conducive communication environment. This is the first study to examine communication skills and virtual micro-guiding as competency development strategies for hajj guides.

*****

Studi ini dilatarbelakangi pentingnya pengembangan kompetensi calon pembimbing manasik haji, ditengah animo pergi haji yang masih tinggi, namun tidak didukung ketersediaan sumber daya kompeten untuk membimbing jemaah. Di sisi lain, format pengembangan kompetensi di Perguruan Tinggi Islam masih tidak seragam, sehingga dibutuhkan strategi ideal pengembangan kompetensi berbasis keterampilan komunikasi dan virtual micro-guiding. Studi ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan serta menganalisis keterampilan komunikasi dan virtual micro-guiding sebagai strategi pengembangan kompetensi calon pembimbing manasik haji profesional. Studi ini dioperasionalkan melalui analisis kualitatif model interaksi kritis. Data dihimpun dari calon pembimbing haji di Prodi Manajemen Haji Umrah sebanyak 87 orang. Hasil data berupa praktek komunikasi persuasif, virtual micro-guiding dari hasil wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumentasi. Studi ini menemukan bentuk keterampilan yang terdiri dari komunikasi persuasif dan komunikasi terapiutik. Bentuk virtual micro-guiding dioperasionalkan dengan perangkat kelompok bimbingan virtual, kelompok dukungan, kolompok konseling, dan kelompok pengajaran. Implikasi keterampilan komunikasi persuasive dan terapiutik diarahkan pada usaha pemahaman ritualistic haji. Sedangkan implikasi virtual micro-guiding menjadi salah satu kebijakan nasional dalam pengembangan kompetensi dengan penerapan lingkungan komunikasi yang kondusif. Ini adalah studi pertama yang mengkaji keterampilan komunikasi dan bimbingan mikro virtual sebagai strategi pengembangan kompetensi pembimbing haji.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Hasyim Hasanah, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

The author is a lecturer in the subject of da'wah science. Active in various research, has a great interest in the study of communication psychology, psychology of hajj umrah management, competence, and other social studies.

References

Abdallah, R.A.Q., Hatamleh, I.H.M, Abu-Eid, Y.S.N., & Mahroum, M. (2024). Communication in digital age: The impact of communication skill and cultural restraint on the use of social media platforms in the case of Jordan. Journal Media, 5(3), 1244-1258. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030079.

Al Yakin, A. (2019). Manajemen kelas di era industri 4.0. Jurnal Perguruan Conference Series, 1 (1):11-15.

Al-Alawneh, M., Al-alawneh, M., al-Jamal, D., & Sasa, G. (2019). Communication skill in practice. International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research, 18(6), 1-19. Doi:10.26803/ijlter.18.6.1

Alghofaili, R. (2018). Security analysis of open sources content management systems WordPress, Joomla, and Drupal [California State Polytechnic University, Pomona]. https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/concern/theses/jd472z65q.

Amelia, L.T.D., & Balqis, N. R. (2023) Changes in communication pettern in digital age. ARRUS Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(4), 544-556. doi:10.35877/soshum1992.

Anasom, Nurbini, Saerozi, & Suryorini, A. (2016). Implementasi microguiding dalam ibadah haji dan umrah. Laporan Penelitian LPPM UIN Walisongo Semarang.

Andriani, T. (2015). Sistem pembelajaran berbasis teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Jurnal Sosial Budaya: Media Komunikasi Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Budaya, 12 (1), 127-150.

Ariyanti, S. (2022). Nurse’s therapiutic communication affects patienst satisfaction and motivation level. Journal of Complementary Nursing, 1(3), 91-98.

Ausubel, D.P. (1968). Educational psychology: A cognitive view. Holt. Rinehart and Winston.

Bagus, J. C. (2023). WordPress: A content management system to advance publishing. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9675311/.

Basri, R., (2015). Efektifitas pelaksanaan bimbingan manasik haji pada KUA Kecamatan di Kota Padang. Harmoni: Jurnal Multikultural dan Multireligius, 14 (2), 160-170.

Batini, C., Cappiello, C., Francalanci, C. & Maurino, A. (2009). Methodologies for data quality assessment and improvement. ACM Computing Surveys, 41(3), 1–52.

Belch, G. E., & Belch, M. A. (2018). Advertising and promotion: An integrated marketing communications perspective (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Belch, G. E., & Belch, M. A. (2001). Advertising and promotion, an integrated marketing comunication perspective, 5th edition. McGraw-Hill.

Bruner, J. B. (1960). The process of education. Harvard University Press.

Close, J.P., & Ham, J. (2016). Persuasive communication. In J.P. Close (Ed.), AiREAS: Sustainocracy for a healthy city, 1-29. Doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45620-1_1.

Cohen, E., M. Ifergan, & E. Cohen. (2002). A new paradigm in guiding: The Madrich as a role model. Annals of Tourism Research, 29 (4), 919–932.

de Hoog, N., Stroebe, W., & de Wit, J. B. F. (2005). The impact of fear appeals on processing and acceptance of action recommendations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(1), 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204271321.

De Hoog, N., Stroebe, W & de Wit, J.B.F (2007). The impact of vulnerability to and severity of health risk on processing and acceptance of fear-arousing communication: A meta-analysis. Review of General Psychology, 11, 258-285.

Djamil, A., Sattar, A., Murtadlo, A., & Sulthon, M., (2018). Pengembangan kurikulum Program Studi Manajemen Haji dan Umrah. Laporan Penelitian LP2M UIN Walisongo.

Djudiyah & Yuniardi, S. (2011). Model pengembangan konsep diri dan daya resiliensi melalui support group therapy: Upaya meminimalisir trauma psikis remaja dari keluarga single parent. Laporan Penelitian Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Fill, C. (2006). Marketing communications: Engagements, strategies, and practice. FT Prentice Hall.

Gazda, G.M. (1989). Group counseling: A developmental approach. Allyn and Bacon.

Ghorecha, V., & Bhatt, C. (2013). A guide for selecting content management system for web application development. International Journal, 1(3), 13-17.

Gilson, C., & Berkman, H. W. (1980). Advertising, concept, and strategy. Random House Inc.

Griffin, K. A., & Raj, R. (2017). The importance of religious tourism and pilgrimage: Reflecting on definitions, motives, and data. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 5(3), iii-ix. https://arrow.dit.ie/ijrtp/vol5/iss3/2.

Grigaliunaite, V., & Pileliene, L. (2016). Emotional or rational? The determination of the influence of advertising appeal on advertising effectiveness. Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, 63(3), 391–414. https://doi.org/10.1515/saeb-2016-0130.

Habermas, J. (1972). Knowledge and human interests, Translated by Jeremy J. Shapioro, Beacon Press.

Hanan. A., & Sugianto, (2021). The communication strategies on tourist guide professionalism in Lombok West Nusa Tenggara. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 9(3), 316, Doi:10.33394/jollt.v9i3.3880.

Hanson E, Fager S. (2017) Communication supports for people with motor speech disorders. Topics in Language Disorders, 37(4), 375-388.

Hasanah, H. (2018). The development cadre dai competencies with psychological and management approach. Jurnal Islamic Homelitic Studies, 9 (2), 229-246.

Hasanah, H. (2016). Teknik-teknik observasi: Sebuah alternatif metode pengumpulan data kualitatif ilmu-ilmu sosial. Jurnal at-Taqaddum, 8 (1), 21-46.

Hasanah, H. (2018). Pengembangan laboratorium dalam meningkatkan kompetensi mahasiswa Prodi Manajemen Haji dan Umrah melalui microguiding for hajj and umra model. Laporan Penelitian Individual LPPM UIN Walisongo.

Hasanah, H. (2023). The da’wah strategy through health mitigation for geriatric Hajj pilgrims in the COVID-19 pandemic with a humanistic psychology perspective. Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah, 43(2), 391-406. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21580/jid.v43.2.19337.

Hasanah, H., & Hakim, L. (2025). Transformative da’wah: Mitigation of elderly friendly Hajj transportation 2024. AIP Conf. Proc. 3317, 080002 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0279280.

Hidayat, F., Maulana, A., & Darmawan D. (2020). Komunikasi terapiutik dalam bimbingan dan konseling Islam. Hisbah: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling dan Dakwah, 16(2), 139-151. Doi:10.14421/hisbah.2019.162-03.

Hidayatulloh, M. T. (2016). Implementasi bimbingan manasik haji oleh Kantor Kementerian Agama di Kabupaten Goorontalo. Jurnal SMART: Studi Masyarakat Religi dan Tradisi, 2 (2), 155-166.

Hornik, J., Ofir, C., & Rachamim, M. (2017). Advertising appeals, moderators, and impact on persuasion: A quantitative assessment creates a hierarchy of appeals. Journal of Advertising Research, 57(3), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-2017- 017.

Howkins, D. I., Best, R. J., & Coney, K. A. (1998). Consumer behavior, building marketing strategy. McGraw-Hill.

Hull, C. L. (1943). Principles of behavior: An introduction to behavior theory. Appleton-Century.

Inglese, T. (2018). Becoming a guide for pilgrims in a time of secularization. Church, Communication and Culture, 3(3), 335–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/23753234.2018.1545135.

Irwanto, M. Hayati, Risal, S. (2022). Implications of leadership style and persuasive communication on performance mediated by employee work motivation, East Asian. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(3), 439-456.

Kapur, R. (2020). Communication skills for workplace success, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345759561_Communication_Skills_for_Workplace_Success.

Kasman, S. (2020). Potret pelaksanaan ibadah haji 2020 di tengah Pandemi Virus Corona. Jurnal Kajian Haji, Umrah, dan Keislaman, 1 (1), 38-50.

Kelley, J.M., Kraft-Todd, G., Schapira, L., Kossowsky, J., & Riess, H. (2014). The influence of the patient-clinician relationship on healthcare outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One, 9(4), 94201-94207.

Keshari, P., & Jain, S., 2014. Consumer response to advertising appeals: A gender-based study. Journal of Marketing Communications, 9(3), 37-43.

Khalil, M.M., Ghazi, H.M., Habib, M.I., Shahzad, F., Elahi, A.I., & Saher, N. (2024). Guideline for selecting the right Content Management System (CMS) for web development comprehensive approach. Journal of Computing & Biomedical Informatics, Review Article, 1.

Kotler, P., Ang, S. H., Leong, S. M., & Tan, C. T. (1999). Marketing management. Prentice Hall.

Krathwohl, & Bloom, B.S., (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing. Longman

Kurniawan, D., & Dewi, S.V. (2017). Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran dengan media screencast o-matic menggunakan model 4d thiagarajan. Jurnal Siliwangi, 3 (1), 214-219.

Landa. L. N. (1987). A fragment of a lesson based on the algorithmic-heuristic theory of instruction, in instructional theories in action: Lessons illustrating selected theories and models. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Lugmayr, A., E. Sutinen, J., Suhonen, C., Sedano, H., Hlavacs, C., & Montero. (2017). Serious storytelling–a first definition and review. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 76 (14), 15707–15733.

Mawardi, M., Rachmadhani, A., Dahlan, A.R.H., Haryanto, J.T., Nuriyanto, L.K., Mustolehudin, Fauzi, R., Setyo, R., & Oetomo B., (2015). Pengaruh pelayanan ibadah haji oleh Kementerian Agama terhadap kemandirian jemaah haji di Jatim, NTB, dan Kalsel. Laporan Penelitian Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama.

Mayasari, N., Tuharea, R., & Yusnita. (2021). Kualitas pelayanan ibadah Haji di Kementerian Agama Kab. Halmahera Barat. Jurnal Ummu, 1, 33-40, https://www.jurnal.ummu.ac.id.

Miles, M.B. & Huberman, A. M. (1992). Analisis data kualitatif: Buku Sumber tentang metode-metode baru (terj) Tjejep Rohendi. UI Press.

Moreno-Poyato, A.R., MontesóCurto, P., Delgado-Hito, P., Suárez-Pérez, R., Aceña-Domínguez, R., Carreras-Salvador, R., Leyva-Moral, J.M., Lluch-Canut, T., & Roldan-Merino, J.F. (2016). The therapeutic relationship in inpatient psychiatric care: A narrative review of the perspective of nurses and patients. Arch Psychiatr Nurs, 30(6), 782-787.

Murtadlo, A, & Choliq, A. (2011). Microguiding dalam haji dan umrah. In Modul sertifikasi pembimbing manasik haji. Fakultas Dakwah IAIN Walisongo.

Nabude, P.M, & Isenah, T.Y. (2022). Rational appeal: The researcher's interpretation of how advertising work. Innovative Journal of Marketing Management, 10(3), 1-18.

Nadube, P.M. (2021). Integrated marketing communications: Theory and practice. TNDPRESS, Rumuobiakani, Port Harcourt.

Noh, L.M.M., Ngor, P.Y., Zamri, N.A.K., Mohammad, N., Idris, N., Alias, A., & Radzi, R. (2020). Implementing effective communication among Hajj pilgrims. International Journal Art & Design, 3(1), 1-5. Doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.20454.96321.

Nurfizri, S. K. (2015). Manajemen pelatihan sertifikasi pembimbing manasik haji pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama DKI Jakarta. Ringkasan Hasil Penelitian UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.

Pask, G. & Scott, B. C. E. (1972). Learning strategies and individual competence. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 4, 217-253.

Patel, S. K., Rathod, V. R., & Parikh, S. (2011). Joomla, Drupal, and WordPress: A statistical comparison of open source CMS. In 3rd International Conference on Trendz in Information Sciences & Computing, 21(1), 182-187.

Pavlova, S. (2024). Therapeutic communication in clinic practice. Journal of IMAB, 30(2), 5509-5512. https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2024302.5509.

Pelletier, P., & Sharp, E. (2008). Persuasive Communication and pro-environmental behaviours: How message tailoring and message framing can improve the integration of behaviours through self-determined motivation. Canadian Psychology, 49(3), 210-217, Doi:10.1037/a0012755.

Piaget, J. (1975). The origin of the idea of chance in children. Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Rahmi, R., & Hariani, S. (2023). The effectiveness of persuasive communication in change management: A human management perspective. Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format, 3(1), 60-70. Doi:10.52970/grmilf.v3i1.358.

Ritchi, H., Wahyudi, I., & Susanto, A. (2015). Research program on key success factors of e-government and their impact on accounting information quality. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 673–680.

Rothman, A.J, & Salovey, P. (2007). The reciprocal relation between principles and practice. In A. Kruglanski & Higgins, E.T (eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles, 2nd. Guilford Press.

Roy, M. B., & Kumar, N. (2017). A comparative study of content management systems: Joomla, Drupal, and WordPress for web application development. International Journal of Information Movement, 1(7), 12-17.

Sadeghi, M., Fakharyan, M., Dadkhah, R., Khodadadian, M. R., Vosta, S. N., & Jafari, M. (2015). Investigating the effect of rational and emotional advertising appeals of Hamrahe Aval mobile operator on attitude towards advertising and brand attitude (Case study: Student users of mobile in the area of Tehran), 5(4), 233-244. Doi: 10.18488/journal.1/2015.5.4/1.4.233.244.

Sagala, S. (2013). Konsep dan makna pembelajaran. Alvabeta.

Sagala, S. (2013). Konsep dan makna pembelajaran: Untuk membantu memecahkan problematika belajar dan mengajar. Alfabeta.

Skinner, B.F. (1969). Contingencies of reinforcement. Appleton Century Crofts.

Suardhana, I. N., et al. (2013). The Communication skills of tour guides in handling customers. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Ganesha, 2, 1-8.

Sugiyono, (2012). Metodologi penelitian pendidikan pendekatan kualitatif, kuantitatif dan RnD. Alfabeta.

Susilana, R., & Riyana C. (2009). Media pembelajaran: Hakekat, pengebangan, pemanfaatan, dan penilaian. CV. Wacana Prima.

Thiagarajan, S. (1974). Instructional development for training teachers of exceptional children: A source book. University of Minnesota.

Thorndike, E.L. (1911). Animal intelligence experimental studies. The Macmillan Company.

Tim Akademik. (2019). Laporan akademik sertifikasi pembimbing manasik haji profesioanal. Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi UIN Walisongo.

Tohari, M., Faqihudin, A., & Azzahra, A.N. (2024). Akomodasi pelayanan haji: Evaluasi terhadap pelayanan pada puncak penyelenggaraan haji 2023 di Arab Saudi. Jurnal Ilmiah Nusantara, 1(4). Doi: https://doi.org/10.61722/jinu.vli4.2082.

Topler, J.P., Zubanov, V., Gorenak, M., & Knezevic, M. (2017). Communication skill in tourism sector: The role of tour guides in presenting attractions. Tourismos, 12(1), 57-58.

Vijayakshmi. (2023). Communicating with persuasion: A transformative approach. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 5(1), 1-4.

Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20, 158-177.

Wolff, W. (1943). Expression of personality. Harper

Yalom, I., (1985). The theory and practice of group therapy. Basic Books.

Yanis, M., & Rokhmad, A. (2016). Pengenalan program sertifikasi dan kebijakan penyelenggaraan ibadah Haji dan Umrah. In Mukhtar Alshodiq (ed.), Modul sertifikasi. Direktorat Jenderal Penyelenggaraan Haji dan Umrah-Kementerian Agama RI.