Reinventing jihad’s meaning: A discourse on jihad among salafist figures in Indonesia

Moh. Rofqil Bazikh*  -  Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University, Indonesia

(*) Corresponding Author

The jihad discourse can never be separated from the Islamic intellectual tradition. This doctrine partly causes negative views of Islam. Because Islam has a doctrine of jihad, quite a few people think that Islam is closely related to violence. This study aims to examine one group that is often considered to be closely linked to violence in Indonesia, namely the Salafi group. Several Salafi figures have even received much rejection in various regions, plus there is a simplistic perception of Salafi groups, which varies. Methodologically, this study uses a type of qualitative research where data is obtained through observation of the social media channels of three Salafi figures related to discussing the topic of jihad, namely Syafiq Riza Basalamah, Khalid Basalamah, and Firanda Andirja. All three are Salafi figures with authority and influence, especially on social media. This study shows that they are trying to cleanse the meaning of jihad. This is proven by their opposing position to acts of violence in the name of jihad. However, they do not deny that jihad is synonymous with war. They are just trying to ensure that jihad does not always mean war. This effort is a step in reinventing the pejorative meaning of jihad. This also provides clarification that not all Salafis support acts of violence as understood so far. This study implies that new media can build new discourse about the identity of splinter groups (Salafi) in the public sphere.

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Diskursus jihad tidak pernah bisa dilepaskan dari tradisi intelektual Islam. Pandangan-pandangan negatif terhadap Islam di antaranya disebabkan oleh doktrin ini. Sebab Islam memiliki doktrin jihad, tidak sedikit pihak yang menganggap Islam lekat kaitannya dengan kekerasan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji salah satu kelompok yang kerap dianggap lekat dengan kekerasan di Indonesia, yaitu kelompok Salafi. Beberapa figur Salafi bahkan banyak mendapat penolakan di berbagai daerah, ditambah terdapat persepsi yang simplistis terhadap kelompok Salafi yang sejatinya bervariasi. Secara metodologis, studi ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dimana data diperoleh melalui observasi terhadap saluran media sosial tiga figur Salafi terkait pembahasan topik jihad, yaitu Syafiq Riza Basalamah, Khalid Basalamah, dan Firanda Andirja. Ketiganya merupakan figur Salafi yang mempunyai otoritas dan pengaruh, utamanya di media sosial. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa mereka melakukan upaya pembersihan terhadap makna jihad. Ini dibuktikan dengan posisi kontra mereka terhadap aksi kekerasan yang mengatasnamakan jihad. Kendati demikian, mereka tidak membantah bahwa jihad identik dengan perang. Mereka hanya mencoba agar jihad tidak senantiasa berarti perang. Upaya ini merupakan langkah menemukan kembali (reinventing) makna jihad dari yang peyoratif. Ini sekaligus memberikan klarifikasi bahwa tidak semua Salafi mendukung aksi-aksi kekerasan sebagaimana dipahami selama ini. Studi ini mengimplikasikan bahwa new media dapat menjadi sarana untuk membangun diskursus baru tentang identitas kelompok sempalan (salafi) di ruang publik.

Keywords: jihad; violence; salafist; Indonesia

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