A Critical Study of Comparative Education in The Middle East Countries; Ideological and Cultural
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract:
As a center for Islamic studies, countries in the Middle East Region (in this case including Saudi Arabia and Iran) have not been replaced in the eyes of Muslims, especially Indonesia. However, these students abroad do not only adopt their scientific studies, but they also tend to adopt the prevailing ideology and culture there which may not be fully applicable in Indonesia. This type of research is library research because it is entirely produced from literature studies, namely studying library materials/literature related to research problems. While the approach of this research is a descriptive qualitative approach, namely by describing the entry of ideology and culture from Saudi Arabia and Iran to Indonesia through graduates who have studied in these two countries. The purpose of this research is to find the problems and solutions of Saudi Arabian and Iranian graduates in the context of ideology and culture. The results of the research show that there are three things graduates from the Middle East including from Saudi Arabia and Iran can contribute positively to this nation, namely: first, emphasizing the values of love for local culture; secondly instilling religious insight as a whole; and third, negotiations between outside ideology and culture and local culture and ideology.
Downloads
Article Details
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the journal as the publisher of the journal. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
The work under license Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Abaza, Mona. 1994. 'New Generation of Indonesian Students at Al-Azhar'. Islamika, March, 37–38.
Abidin, Zainal. 2006. 'Shia and Sunni in the Perspective of Islamic Thought'. Hunafa: Journal of Studia Islamika 3 (2): 117–28.
Adiwilaga, Rendy. 2017. 'Puritanism and Fundamentalism in Transnational Islam and Their Implications for Pancasila as the National Ideology'. Journal of Governance 2 (1): 140.
Algar, Hamid. 2011. Wahhabism: A Critical Review. Jakarta: Democracy Project.
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2007. Contesting the Saudi State: Islamic Voices From New Generation. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Assegaf, A.R. 2003. Internationalization of Islamic Education; Comparative Sketches of Education in Islamic and Western Countries. Yogyakarta: Gama Media.
Aswar, Hasby. 2013. 'The Role of Ulama in Saudi Government Policy: Case Study: Counterterrorism and the Arab Spring Phenomenon.' Thesis, Yogyakarta: Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Gadjah Mada University.
———. 2016. 'Saudi Arabia's Foreign Politics and Salafi-Wahhabi Teachings in Indonesia'. The Journal of Islamic Studies and International Relations 1 (1): 15–30.
Azra, Azyumardi. 1996. Islamic Political Upheaval From Fundamentalism, Modernism to Post-Modernism. Jakarta: Paramadina.
Commins, David. 2006. The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia. London: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd. London.
El Fadl, Khaled Abou. 2005. The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremism. San Francisco: Harper Collins Publishers.
Fauzi. 2011. 'Karbala and the Shia Political Protest'. Dialogue 72 (34): 83–96.
Gurr, Ted Robert. 2008. Minorities, Nationalists, And Islamists: Managing Communal Conflict in The Twenty-First Century, In Leashing the Dogs of War: Conflict Management in a Divided World. USA: USIP Press.
Hatta, Mawardy. 2017. 'Controversy on the Issue of Imamate Among the Shias'. Scientific Journal of Ushuluddin Science 15 (2): 129–37.
Jansen, G.H. 1980. Militant Islam. trans. Armahedi Mahzar. London: Libraries.
K. Hitti, Philip. 2008. History of the Arabs. Jakarta: PT Serambi Ilmu Semesta.
Madjid, Nurcholis. 1995a. Islam the Religion of Civilization: Searching for the Meaning and Relevance of Islamic Doctrine in History. Jakarta: Paramadina.
———. 1995b. Doors to God. Jakarta: Paramadina.
Minster. 2013. 'Transnational Islamic Movement'. Transformation 30 (2): 117–27.
Mousalli, Ahmad. 2009. Wahhabism, Salafism, and Islam: Who Is The Enemy? A Conflict. Beirut: Forum Monograph.
Murofikoh, Dede Ika, and Dini Inasyah Alfaridah. n.d. ‘Comparison of Indonesian State Ideology with Saudi Arabia’ 1 (02).
Nikjoo, A. Sharifi, M. Karoubi, and A. Siyamiyan. 2020. ‘From Attachment To A Sacred Figure To Loyalty To A Sacred Route: The Walking Pilgrimage of Arbaeen’. Religions 11 (3): 1–12. https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Rel11030145.
Rachel. 2018. 'Arbain And Arbaeen Walk'. Islamic coverage. 2018.
Rachman, P. 2020. 'Implications of the Concept of Islamization of Science Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi'. Humanistic: Journal of Islam 6 (2): 154–70.
Sahide, A. 2013. 'Shia-Sunni Conflict Post-The Arab Spring'. Kawistara Journal 3 (3): 227–334. https://Doi.Org/10.22146/Kawistara.5225.
Shihab, M. Quraish, and Wahid Hizbullah. 2007. Sunnah-Shia Hand in Hand!, Is It Possible?: Study of the Concept of Teachings and Thought. Jakarta: Heart Lantern.
Subhani, Ja'far. 2012. Shia; Teaching and Practice. Nurul Huda.
Sutisna. 2014. 'The Urgency of the Head of State and His Appointment in Islam.' Journal of Social Humanities 5 (2): 43=49.
Vasiliev, Alexei. 1986. Ta'reekh Al-Arabiya Al-Saudiya [History of Saudi Arabia]. Moscow: Dar Attagaddom.
Wahid, Abdur Rahman. 2001. 'Challenges for Moderate Islam to Take the Initiative'. Kompas, December 2001.
Wuthnow, Robert. 1992. Rediscovering the Sacred: Perspective on Religion in Contemporary Society. Michigan: Eerdmans.
Yuliani, Tri, Iswadi, Armizawati, and Desnawita. 2020. 'analysis of The Development of Islamic Education in Iran'. Tazkir; Research Journal of Social and Islamic Sciences 6 (1): 87–98.
Zada, Khamami. 2002. Radical Islam, the Struggle of Hard-line Islamic Organizations in Indonesia. Jakarta: Teraju