Quality of life of college students: The effects of state anxiety and academic stress with self-control as a mediator
Main Article Content
Abstract
College education is expected to equip students with various types of knowledge. In reality, however, the learning process is not always easy. Problems can occur and affect students' quality of life. This study aims to examine the effect of state anxiety and academic stress on the quality of life through the mediation of student self-control. A quantitative method was used involving a sample of 400 students from 24 provinces in Indonesia. The measuring instruments employed were the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL), The State Anxiety Scale, the Academic Stress Scale, and the Brief Self-Control Scale. Path analysis was conducted using R software. It was found that self-control partially mediates the effect of state anxiety on the quality of life. State anxiety has a direct effect, with a standardized coefficient of -.351 (p < .01), and an indirect one, with a standardized coefficient of -.150 (p < .01) on reducing the quality of life through the mediation of self-control. Academic stress has no indirect effect on the quality of life through the mediation of self-control with a standardized coefficient of -.000 (p = .990, p > .05). However, it was found to play a direct role in reducing the quality of life, with a standardized coefficient of -.207 (p < .01). The findings indicate the multi-dynamic impacts of state anxiety and academic stress toward the quality of life of students. Therefore, the development of anxiety and stress-management skills in students need to be addressed in the higher education management system in order to maintain the quality of life of students.
Downloads
Article Details
The copyright of the accepted article shall be assigned to the publisher of the journal. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to published articles.
In line with the license, authors and any users (readers and other researchers) are allowed to share and adapt the material only for non-commercial purposes. In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicated if changes were made. If authors remix, transform, or build upon the material, authors must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original.
References
Abdullah, M., Murad, N. S., Teoh, S. H., & Mohamad, M. A. (2020). Quality of life of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: age, history of medical illness, religious coping, COVID-19 related stressors, psychological factors and social support were predictive of quality of life. Research Square, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-104496/v2
Ahsan Khodami, M., Hassan Seif, M., Sadat Koochakzadeh, R., Fathi, R., & Kaur, H. (2022). Perceived stress, emotion regulation and quality of life during the COVID-19 outbreak: A multi-cultural online survey. Annales Médico-Psychologiques, Revue Psychiatrique, 180(6), 514–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2021.02.005
Alkatheri, A. M., Bustami, R. T., Albekairy, A. M., Alanizi, A. H., Alnafesah, R., Almodaimegh, H., Alzahem, A., Aljamaan, K., Zurnuq, S., & Qandil, A. M. (2020). Quality of life and stress level among health professions students. Health Professions Education, 6(2), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2019.11.004
Aprodita, N. P. (2021). The relationship between quality of college life and academic hardiness among college students. Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan & Konseling, 7(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.26858/jppk.v7i1.15963
Arifin, H. H., & Milla, M. N. (2020). Adaptasi dan properti psikometrik skala kontrol diri ringkas versi Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 18(2), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.7454/jps.2020.18
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Barseli, M., Ifdil, I., & Nikmarijal, N. (2017). Konsep stres akademik siswa. Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan, 5(3), 143–148. https://doi.org/10.29210/119800
Bertrams, A., Baumeister, R. F., & Englert, C. (2016). Higher self-control capacity predicts lower anxiety-impaired cognition during Math examinations. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 485. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00485
Busari, A. O. (2014). Academic stress among undergraduate students: Measuring the effects of stress inoculation techniques. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(27 P2), 599. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p599
Çelmeçe, N., & Menekay, M. (2020). The effect of stress, anxiety and burnout levels of healthcare professionals caring for COVID-19 patients on their quality of life. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 597–624. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.597624
Destriande, I. M., Faridah, I., Oktania, K., & Rahman, S. (2021). Faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pada lanjut usia. Psikowipa (Psikologi Wijaya Putra), 2(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.38156/psikowipa.v2i1.41
Dewi, K. S. (2012). Kesehatan mental. UPT Undip Press.
Digdyani, N., & Kaloeti, D. V. S. (2020). Hubungan antara regulasi diri dan resiliensi dengan kualitas hidup pada perawat rumah sakit swasta X di kota Semarang. Jurnal Empati, 7(3), 1013–1019. https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2018.21848
Dragomir, B.-I., & Fodoreanu, L. (2013). Correlations between state anxiety and quality of life in metastatic breast cancer patients. Revista Medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici Si Naturalisti Din Iasi, 117(3), 610–615.
Duri, B. S., & Primanita, R. Y. (2022). Hubungan antara self control dengan quality of life pada mantan pengguna napza di Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Riset Psikologi, 1, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.24036/jrp.v2022i1.12750
Englert, C., & Bertrams, A. (2013). The role of self-control strength in the development of state anxiety in test situations. Psychological Reports, 112(3), 976–991. https://doi.org/10.2466/15.10.PR0.112.3.976-991
Epstein, J. L., & McPartland, J. M. (1976). The concept and measurement of the quality of school life. American Educational Research Journal, 13(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.2307/1162551
Fachrozie, R., Sofia, L., & Ramadhani, A. (2021). Hubungan kontrol diri dengan kecemasan pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir dalam menyelesaikan skripsi. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 9(3), 509. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v9i3.6495
Garson, G. D. (2008). Path analysis. Statistical Assosiates Publishing.
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 25. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hamilton, M. (2017). Path analysis. In The SAGE encyclopedia of communication research methods. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411
Haryono, R. H. S., & Kurniasari, K. (2018). Stres akademis berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup pada remaja. Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan, 1(1), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.18051/JBiomedKes.2018.v1.75-84
Hashem, S. R., Nagar, M. A. E.-R. Al, Eita, L. H., & Alam, F. H. (2019). The relationship between academic stress and self-control among faculty of nursing students. Journal of Nursing, 2(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.22259/2639-1783.0201007
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. The Guilford Press.
Hidayat, D. R. (2011). Psikologi kepribadian dalam konseling. Ghalia Indonesia.
Ilahi, A. D. W., Rachma, V., Janastri, W., & Karyani, U. (2021). The level of anxiety of students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceding of Inter-Islamic University Conference on Psychology. https://doi.org/10.21070/iiucp.v1i1.599
Isaac, S., & Michael, W. B. (1981). Handbook in research and evaluation. EdITS Publishers.
Juhendra, J. (2022). Kontrol diri sebagai mediator antara stres akademik dengan kecanduan terhadap smartphone pada siswa [Unpublished master thesis]. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Juniastira, S. (2018). Hubungan antara dukungan sosial dan kualitas hidup pada pasien stroke [Undergraduate thesis]. Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta.
Kasanah, S. U. (2022). Pengaruh hardiness dan dukungan keluarga terhadap stres akademik mahasiswa psikologi 2019 Fakultas Psikologi dan Kesehatan UIN Walisongo [Undergraduate thesis]. Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang.
Kim, J.-H., & Park, E.-Y. (2015). Mediating effect of self-control in relation to depression, stress, and activities of daily living in community residents with stroke. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 27(8), 2585–2589. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.2585
Larasati, T. (2009). Kualitas hidup pada wanita yang sudah memasuki masa menopause. Jurnal Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gunadarma, 1(1), 1–19.
Leong Bin Abdullah, M. F. I., Mansor, N. S., Mohamad, M. A., & Teoh, S. H. (2021). Quality of life and associated factors among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 11(10), e048446. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048446
Marsela, R. D., & Supriatna, M. (2019). Kontrol diri: Definisi dan faktor. Journal of Innovative Counseling: Theory, Practice & Research, 3(2), 65–69.
Nevid, J. S., Rathus, S. A., & Greene, B. (2018). Abnormal psychology in a changing world. Pearson.
Núñez-Pizarro, J. L., González-Luna, A., Mezones-Holguín, E., Blümel, J. E., Barón, G., Bencosme, A., Benítez, Z., Bravo, L. M., Calle, A., Flores, D., Espinoza, M. T., Gómez, G., Hernández-Bueno, J. A., Martino, M., Lima, S., Monterrosa, A., Mostajo, D., Ojeda, E., Onatra, W., … Chedraui, P. (2017). Association between anxiety and severe quality-of-life impairment in postmenopausal women: Analysis of a multicenter Latin American cross-sectional study. Menopause, 24(6), 645–652. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000813
Nur, N., Kıbık, A., Kılıç, E., & Sümer, H. (2017). Health-related quality of life and associated factors among undergraduate university students. Oman Medical Journal, 32(4), 329–334. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2017.62
Nurkholis, N. (1970). Pendidikan dalam upaya memajukan teknologi. Jurnal Kependidikan, 1(1), 24–44. https://doi.org/10.24090/jk.v1i1.530
Pangalo, L. H. (2021). Tingkat stres dan kualitas hidup pada mahasiswa kedokteran [Ungraduated thesis]. Universitas Surabaya.
Paramesthi, G. S. (2012). Kecemasan dan harga diri [Master thesis]. Universitas Padjadjaran.
Potas, N., Koçtürk, N., & Toygar, S. A. (2021). Anxiety effects on quality of life during the COVID-19 outbreak: A parallel-serial mediation model among nurses in Turkey. Work, 69(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-205050
Powers, J. P., Moshontz, H., & Hoyle, R. H. (2020). Self-control and affect regulation styles predict anxiety longitudinally in university students. Collabra: Psychology, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.280
Priscilla, C., & Yudhyarta, D. Y. (2021). Implementasi pilar-pilar pendidikan UNESCO. Asatiza: Jurnal Pendidikan, 2(1), 64–76. https://doi.org/10.46963/asatiza.v2i1.258
Putri, N. E., Kholis, F. N., & Ngestiningsih, D. (2018). Hubungan tingkat stres dengan kualitas hidup pada pasien tuberkulosis di RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang. Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal), 7(2), 499–506. https://doi.org/10.14710/dmj.v7i2.20693
Rahmawati, D., Fahrudin, A., & Abdillah, R. (2021). Hubungan kontrol diri dengan stres akademik akibat pembelajaran hybrid dalam masa pandemi COVID-19 di SMK X Kota Bekasi. Khidmat Sosial: Journal of Social Work and Social Services, 2(2), 93–101.
Ribeiro, Í. J. S., Pereira, R., Freire, I. V., de Oliveira, B. G., Casotti, C. A., & Boery, E. N. (2018). Stress and quality of life among university students: A systematic literature review. Health Professions Education, 4(2), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2017.03.002
Rutter, M. (2006). Implications of resilience concepts for scientific understanding. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1376.002
Sarwono, J. (2011). Mengenal path analysis: Sejarah, pengertian dan aplikasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis, 11(2), 285–296.
Shalsabila, Z. R., Putri, T. H., & Fauzan, S. (2022). Hubungan tingkat kecemasan dengan kualitas hidup masayarakat selama pandemi COVID-19 di Kota Pontianak. Tanjungpura Journal of Nursing Practice and Education, 4(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.26418/tjnpe.v4i1.54682
Solis, A. C., & Lotufo-Neto, F. (2019). Predictors of quality of life in Brazilian medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 41(6), 556–567. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0116
Spielberger, C. D. (2013). Anxiety and behavior. Academic Press Inc.
Syaputra, Y. (2021). Hubungan antara kesehatan mental dan kualitas hidup mahasiswa pada masa pandemic COVID-19 [Undergraduate thesis]. Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau.
Taylor, E. S. (2006). Health psychology (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Utami, D. T., Karim, D., & Agrina, A. (2014). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien diabetes mellitus dengan Ulkus diabetikum. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Keperawatan, 1(2), 1–7.
WHO. (1997). WHOQOL: Measuring quality of life. World Health Organization (Division of Mental Health and Prevention of Substance).
WHO. (1998). WHOQOL: User manual. World Health Organization.
Williams, T., & Roey, S. (1997). Consistencies in the quality of school life. In M. Binkley, K. Rust, & T. Williams (Eds.), Reading literacy in an international perspective: Collected papers from the IEA reading literacy study (pp. 193–202). U.S. Department of Education and National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=97875
Wilmer, M. T., Anderson, K., & Reynolds, M. (2021). Correlates of quality of life in anxiety disorders: Review of recent research. Current Psychiatry Reports, 23(11), 77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-021-01290-4
Wu, C., & Yao, G. (2007). Relations among self‐certainty, sense of control and quality of life. International Journal of Psychology, 42(5), 342–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590701264831
Zakiyyah, A., & Latifah, M. (2022). Pengaruh kelekatan remaja-orangtua, harga diri, dan kontrol diri terhadap penggunaan internet bermasalah pada remaja. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 15(3), 264–275. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2022.15.3.264